A Wrench in the Cogwheels of P2P Botnets. Werner, Senior Virus Analyst, Kaspersky Lab 23 Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
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1 A Wrench in the Cogwheels of P2P Botnets Tillmann Werner, Senior Virus Analyst, Kaspersky Lab rd 23 Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
2 The Story Slide 2 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
3 The Story Slide 3 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
4 The Story Slide 4 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
5 The Story :-) Slide 5 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
6 No Tweets, Please Slide 6 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
7 Storm Slide 7 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
8 Waledac Slide 8 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
9 Storm 2 Slide 9 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
10 Timeline today Storm Waledac Storm 2 Hlux Slide 10 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June
11 Helping small cocks grow since 1908 Slide 11 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
12 usapharmacy.com Slide 12 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
13 sleepingpill.ru Slide 13 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
14 HTTP Redirects Slide 14 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
15 Logging... kthx :58:41 Init logging. Level=4 Log path=c:\documents and Settings\analyst\Desktop :58:41 [Socks][013A66C8] ~ create connection object :58:41 Client started :58:41 [vo]looing for old client :58:41 Looing for old client :58:41 Timing zone[find_and_kill_old_clients] ms= :58:41 Config loaded Ok. own_id=3eeeaa c 8e82 b341c484eb8f, port = :58:41 Loaded bootstrap list: client: 5f4988ea c d 9835 efdaa33e7c2a :80 client: afcc1707 deac 447e c5f4b1c :80 client: 059bfaba eae3 4ed4 858c f06b732988d :80 client: b4aaca53 b5c a964 6f6b05ed :80 client: b236072c fb3 bb45 fe581f1ed2eb :80 client: e9732ec8 a7e7 450f 904f 111c5611da :80 client: 4a8f952a 56e2 472d 98ea ec8113e4729c :80 client: 510b3ab8 a953 44a0 812e 605e c :80 client: be1d7ba4 5e1d 44df ba77 a6077fc55e :80 client: e9158ba dc 8c96 043ea17fde :80 client: df82b95d 7f8c 4bb1 99fa ffe0d0a286e :80 client: 333dc74b 4d7e 4bc a520e27bb :80 client: f3d652db d2e6 4f26 b3b0 ddd8f69327eb :80 client: 8b2fa981 f80e 4e8a 83d5 8e72e7add :80 client: 7d6deaac 1a49 43df 9501 e5fb249ab4ed :80 client: 97a8cb9b e f ad9cbdba2bae :80 client: c e144 4a34 9ee1 c86d :80 client: 20458c90 882e f 08f2978bd15d :80 client: 3b8e e 43ed 8f d109c :80 Slide 15 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
16 Controllers, Workers, Router Controller The brain of the botnet Distributes commands Worker On private IP address Does all the dirty work Router On public IP address Routes messages between Controllers and other nodes Slide 16 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
17 Architecture of the Hlux Botnet... Slide 17 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
18 Communication Protocol Message Types 0x03e8 0x03ea 0x03eb 0x03ec 0x03ed 0x Bootstrap Message Job Request Ping Pong Harvest Results Job Response Serialization ANMP Int, String, List, List of Strings, Map, Blob Compression, Encryption Lempel-Ziv Blowfish CBC Slide 18 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
19 Message Header 36 bytes Static signature Contains length and type Last header byte: padding length a0 b e8 0b 45 1a 4d 01 d1 99 bc a2 f2 cf 72 f f e c da b 6f 69 8f 2b 6b dd df d1 01 6d 13 3d b7 b5 4e ef 9b 79 ca Slide 19 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June ac ce 77 fe af b f0 3a f1 cc 14 ef ac bd f c a e4 e8 4a b a bb fe 29 f8 99 ba 6b b9 8a cf f4 ed 6c 49 c6 af ed ad 0c 09 0e 38 c4 9f 9f ca e dc 83 f4 eb 39 c df 72 e4 21 e8 c6 3d b e0 7a c0 7f ac 57 ee b 3f 3f f4 08
20 Version a0 b0 c0 d0 e0 f d 1d 9f e e 1e b7 22 fa e3 93 cb a3 3d 0f 4b 4f ef 1d b bd e1 be b c8 c3... ed a2 d7 7e e3 c3 37 5f 7c 02 ae 6b c5 0c d1 a ab f3 1b a3 8d 9e 4e 74 f cc 81 d6 95 1b 62 c2 0f 5e dd b9 eb c2 04 6c 6e ac a5 e1 8a bf db 7f Slide 20 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June c9 51 5f b5 2e 19 a8 ef 81 8e d a2 92 b e ac 0c c9 3b bd 4c 17 dc db a4 78 e0 b b0 15 ed 6b 72 c4 e3 43 8b e0 28 c1 4c c7 2c d9 b0 b8 83 d5 ad bc 99 0c 0b b5 af 94 1f 9a 9a a4 0e d a4 f9 da e2 87 9e bb 1e bd da f2 fc f f0 d e4 41 ce 48 1b 5e 7d 0e 9e 9a dd b9 d0 a3 9f c1 4c 65 7d c2 68 bc da 9e f3 64 cc c9 dd c8 ae 11 3d c5 48 9e df 54 9e e af 34 b fb cc 0b a6 b6 08 7d d3 c a d2 2d a4 1c f7 a2 49 ec cb c9 eb bc 0c 04 4d ee b2 5a
21 Version 2: Hashes instead of Labels Human readable labels make analysis a lot easier Since protocol version 2: hashes CB8FF E533b9AB120 F74FB6B49E16A9 Slide 21 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011 m_job_servers m_list_id m_client_id
22 Version a0 b0 c0 d0 e0 f e0 17 c f9 23 e1 ce 4f 7c ed a8 ce 2f aa b7 24 f5 71 7e 1d b f3 d5 fb a 2e fb b5 b3 53 3e... 5e ae 1f d b a 03 bf f5 fc 99 c1 dc 13 9e 91 ad 20 c5 3b ee 6d e6 33 e7 3e 6e 15 a7 c c7 49 b3 27 d4 7a fa 6e 1a af b7 d8 1d 61 e7 84 d7 f1 Slide 22 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June c 17 2f cc f fa cb 6e 6e c4 1e d8 4e 8a a0 02 5d 58 e5 e6 e3 5e c 16 cc 95 a1 49 2b de 31 3b 0c 3d c2 8e c0 d b e2 d6 28 6f df ca c0 62 f0 0d 34 de 8e 3a 5b 10 f dc 4c cd d 21 a c9 cf ec 5b da a9 29 ec 52 ae ab f2 50 d e ce da 6a aa 80 9a fd e d7 8b 64 d1 0c d3 f3 be bf ef cf 05 c6 7e 29 b3 8f 4f 8d 84 d9 d2 5c 1c b8 72 d e df b ad e2 3b 3c 8f e7 b7 0e 62 c4 9d 50 4b b5 89 f2 97 fc 25 de 12 d3 3c c5 5e f c 4e bf a7 0c e 35 de d9 09 8e 56 c4 f3 b8 a0 32 bc df 60 e3
23 Version 3: Non-Static Message Headers No signature Encodes dynamic payload offset and message length Random amount of garbage before actual message Slide 23 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
24 Decoding Messages Slide 24 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
25 Harvesting Phase Search Later versions: sniffer for HTTP/FTP/POP3/SMTP Logins m_reports_bag: m_harested_mails: (string list with 1443 elements): O YbPD@.RT7 B@j.Jr SU@p.COl HA2@1Y3C..l.7j l@.inb O7D@p7A7i4.2t K@lbN9ET.5W S@o6.2c k@vmufolmwro.qsg... Slide 25 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
26 Spam Jobs m_mail_section: m_tasks: m_tasks: (1 elements) m_adress: (string list with 250 elements): m_name: string (1 bytes): 2 m_body: string (664 bytes): Received: from %^C0%^P%^R3 6^%:... m_dictionaries: m_dictionaries: (4 elements) name: string (6 bytes): pharma m_file_timestamp: :30:07 GMT m_words: (string list with 1 elements): m_dictionaries: m_dictionaries: (4 elements) name: string (6 bytes): pharma m_file_timestamp: :30:07 GMT m_words: (string list with 1 elements): name: string (16 bytes): mirabella_links2 m_file_timestamp: :30:07 GMT m_words: (string list with 10 elements): name: string (5 bytes): names m_file_timestamp: :30:01 GMT m_words: (string list with 298 elements):... Slide 26 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
27 Status Messages m_is_first_meet: string (1 bytes): m_last_worked_job_id: string (8 bytes): 1a0fc04d a6509ddd4ef054: string (16 bytes): 47e9557b8c4823b55677cd3ae741a8 m_reports: m_mail_reports: (20 elements) d: string (17 bytes): v: string (1 bytes): 2 z: string (3 bytes): ERR d: string (30 bytes): ingeborg.schoeffmann@utanet.at v: string (1 bytes): 2 z: string (3 bytes): ERR d: string (15 bytes): ilug@nijjar.net v: string (1 bytes): 2 z: string (3 bytes): ERR d: string (26 bytes): kkruegernn@capstoneins.com v: string (1 bytes): 2 z: string (3 bytes): OK d: string (25 bytes): medioambiente@amacweb.org v: string (1 bytes): 2 z: string (3 bytes): ERR... Slide 27 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
28 The 'mirabella' Template Slide 28 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
29 'mirabella' Spam Slide 29 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
30 The 'casino' Template Slide 30 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
31 inter-casino-poker.com Slide 31 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
32 Spam Frequency One successsfully delivered spam message every 10 seconds smtp sink f QUIT A little bit of iptables magic Slide 32 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
33 bit.ly Slide 33 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
34 Clicks on April 27th, Slide 34 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
35 Clicks per Country CC Klicks US CA 2097 NL 1707 GB 1485 KR 972 BE 955 DE 742 IN 501 CZ 494 DK 471 Sonstige 8028 Slide 35 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
36 Renting Out the socks5 Proxy Network bn d932da66.pool.mediaways.net AUTH LOGIN cmv0ywlsqg5pzghpcmvzb3vyy2vzlmnvbq== QWpLOEhOOUw= MAIL FROM: RCPT DATA Subject: Job Proposal From: To: Hello, It's Bryan Green, ENGINEERING & CONSULTANCY SERVICES, HR manager. We found your e mail in the base of applicants for a job.... Get in touch with us and join our company. E mail : hr@engineering and consultancy.co.uk Yours respectfully, Bryan Green, HR manager. Slide 36 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
37 Distribution of Fake AV Slide 37 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
38 Introducing Own Peers Slide 38 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
39 Speaking Hlux Slide 39 23rd Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
40 Thank You A Wrench in the Cogwheels of P2P Botnets Tillmann Werner, Senior Virus Analyst, Kaspersky Lab rd 23 Annual FIRST Conference Vienna, 13th June 2011
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