Don t forget your Conference Code and Attendee ID! Missed the teleconference prompt on WebEx?

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1 CISMA Call Log-In Don t forget your Conference Code and Attendee ID! Missed the teleconference prompt on WebEx? You have 2 options to bring it back to the screen: 1. Click on the Audio tab and click on Teleconference 2. Hang up the phone (if you re already in the teleconference) Prompt Box has these 3 things: 1. Call into the meeting (US) (Call-in toll-free number) (US) (Call-in number) 2. Enter the access code: (Conference code) 3. Enter your Attendee ID: #????# (it will be several digits with pound # signs on either side) NOTE: All numbers are entered on phone keypad and there is NOT an audio prompt for the ATTENDEE ID

2 CISMA Call Agenda 1:30pm Introductions Rose Godfrey 1:35pm Technical Presentation Regulation for Phragmites Invasion Resistance Allison Brectloff 1:55pm CISMA Update Central Florida CISMA Sherry Williams 2:10pm Shoutouts 10 th Annual FLEPPC CISMA Session, Future FISP/CISMA activities Last CISMA Call on WebEx 2:30pm Adjourn

3 This Month s Call 8 th Year Anniversay of Florida Monthly CISMA call! It is also the last month that we will be using WebEx Keep an eye out for the new platform information!

4 Technical Presentation Regulation for Phragmites Invasion Resistance Presented by Allison Brectloff

5 Competition between Juncus romerianus and invasive Phragmites australis on the Florida coast: A greenhouse experiment contributes to predictive understanding Allison Bechtloff, Carrie Reinhardt Adams, Candice Prince, and Leah Cobb Lee University of Florida, Department of Environmental Horticulture

6 Outline Introduction to Phragmites australis Introduction to Juncus roemerianus Comparison of species Salt marsh dynamics Objectives of study Experimental design Materials & methods Results Discussion

7 Why Phragmites australis? Exotic Phragmites introduced to New England in the early 1800 s Highly invasive throughout the United States, beginning to be a problem in Florida Invasion elsewhere results in considerable cost Understanding species behavior will help determine BMPs for Phragmites

8 Study species: Phragmites australis Cosmopolitan C3 grass Grows in the high bank to high marsh Reproduces clonally and by seed Replaces native species in coastal marshes, including Scirpus, Spartina and Juncus Haplotype M, the taller shoots, in a stand of native Phragmites in Deleware. Photo courtesy of Vasquez et al Haplotype M global distribution of occurrence records. Photo courtesy of Guo et al Sampling locations of Phragmites. Photo courtesy of Williams et al 2012.

9 Phragmites invasion Haplotypes: 18 native; 4 introduced (Kettenring et al. 2012) In Florida: Haplotype I: freshwater marsh invasions currently managed due to displacement of native species Haplotype M: aggressive invader in northeastern salt marshes; identified in FL in 2013 (Overholt et al. ) Phragmites australis Haplotype I (subspecies berlandieri) along the St. Johns River. Photo courtesy of Candice Prince

10 Phragmites invasion Little is known regarding the invasion potential in Florida s coastal marshes, or what effect sea level rise (SLR) may have Environmental fluctuations - will they weaken or enhance the haplotype? Coastal marshes most likely to be invaded by Haplotype M - used in this study Phragmites is a good model invader plasticity of habitats Possible solution: Revegetation with plants of similar functional traits (Funk et al. 2008)

11 Study species: Juncus roemerianus C3 Rush Grows in high marsh Reproduces clonally and by seed Commonly chosen species for restoration and revegetation Juncus roemerianus distribution in U.S. Photo courtesy of natureserve.org (last updated January 2015).

12 Species Comparison: Trait Values Morphology / Physiology Phragmites australis Juncus roemerianus Foliage texture Coarse Coarse Shape & orientation Erect Erect Salinity tolerance High High Shade Tolerance Intolerant Intolerant Adapted to fine & medium texture soils Yes Yes Adapted to coarse textured soils Yes No Growth rate Rapid Moderate Vegetative spread rate Rapid Slow Growth form Rhizomatous Bunch Mature height 4 meters 1.5 meters Fire tolerance High Medium Frost free days, Minimum Temperature, Minimum -38⁰ F / -39⁰ C 17⁰ F / - 27⁰ C ph tolerance range Trait characteristics information obtained from USDA Plants database on March 1, 2016

13 Study System: FL Coastal Salt Marshes Plant diversity is simple Typical species: Spartina alterniflora (low marsh) and Juncus roemerianus (high marsh) Plant zonation created by plant s tolerance of stress and competition Physical stress: salinity and flooding Competition Spartina dominated Juncus dominated Translation from wellresearched mid- Atlantic coastal marshes to FL is not straightforward (Pennings et al 2001) Species distribution in coastal salt marsh. Photo courtesy of Indiana University, Bloomington (

14 Objectives Examine interspecific competition between Juncus and Phragmites Differ with density? Differ with water level? Investigate species responses in order to contribute to SLR predictions Inform restoration plant for areas prone to Phragmites invasion

15 Juncus Density None Low Low High Juncus Density High Experimental Design (Partial Additive Design) 2-way and 3-way factorial with species composition and SLR scenario as factors Species composition - 5 levels: Phragmites alone, Juncus alone/low density, Juncus alone/high density, Phragmites + Juncus low density, Phragmites + Juncus high density) SLR scenario 2 levels: shallow (5 cm above water level) and deep (5 cm below water level) Phragmites response variables Juncus response variables Water Level Water Level Shallow Deep Shallow Deep Phragmites present Phragmites present Phragmites present Phragmites absent Phragmites present Phragmites absent Phragmites present Phragmites present Phragmites present Phragmites present Phragmites present Phragmites present Phragmites absent Phragmites absent

16 Materials Plant Material Phragmites Haplotype M rhizomes collected from Lake Seminole, FL November 6 th, 2014 and maintained at UF Plant Science facilities until use. Juncus plugs purchased from Aquatic Plants of Florida October 15 th, 2015.

17 Materials Media Vermiculite, peat, sand (1:1:1) Osmocote slow-release fertilizer Containers 3-gal. bins Drilled with holes to allow water infiltration Flood bench flood bench filled with water Instant Ocean Sea Salt to maintain salinity Water Circulation Pump Red Sea Ocean Clear canister filter Blue Line 55 HD return pump 10 of clear 1 hose 15 of 3/4 PVC plumping pipe and fittings

18 Methods Plants were divided into fragments and planted in bins with varying plant density 10.3 cm 20.7 cm 13.0 cm High Density ~ 12 cm centers 13.0 cm Low Density ~ 24 cm centers - Juncus - Phragmites Bins were placed in 0.5% saline water in flooded bench (brackish = %) Shoot height and density measured periodically (week 1, 4, 11, & 14) Biomass harvest occurred on week 14

19 Results: Phragmites biomass Biomass production was independent of water level (differences not shown) a b c Both root and shoot biomass reduced when planted with Juncus a Increased suppression when Juncus density is high b c

20 Results: Juncus biomass Biomass production was independent of water level (differences not shown) Higher density of Juncus suppressed biomass accumulation with no Phragmites present Juncus similarly suppressed with both high and low density when with Phragmites a a a a b a b a

21 Results: Juncus shoot data Juncus shoot number was effected by water depth with less shoots in deeper water Shoot number was much less when Phragmites was present a a b b Shoot height also effected by water depth taller shoots in deeper water

22 Potential Dominance Mechanism Phragmites root biomass production was considerable: at equal density (4 plants per pot) = 4 g Juncus, 16 g Phragmites Belowground interspecific competition may be most important New plantings may be more susceptible to belowground competition, e.g. invasion by Phragmites (Funk et al. 2008)

23 Implications for management Juncus planting suppresses but will not likely prohibit Phragmites invasion, irrespective of water level SLR also unlikely to prohibit Phragmites invasion When restoring areas prone to Phragmites invasion: Denser is better Careful monitoring and management post-planting required

24 Acknowledgements William A. Overholt (UF/IFAS) shared his expertise regarding Phragmites australis distribution in the southeastern US Michael P. Sowinski (FWC) identified the M haplotype growing in Lake Seminole, FL, and assisted our lab in obtaining plant material CJ Green (FWC) provided important context for the experiment Gil Sharrell (Aquatic Plants of Florida) provided guidance with plant materials James Colee (UF/IFAS Statistics) for experimental design and analysis help John Hoblick and Andraya Mendez for their assistance with experiment implementation

25 References Funk J.L., Cleland, E.E., Suding, K.N. and Zavaleta, E.S Restoration through reassembly: plant traits and invasion resistance. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23(12): Guo W., Lambertini, C., Li, X., Meyerson, L.A. and Brix, H Invasion of Old World Phragmites australis in the New World: precipitation and temperature patterns combined with human influences redesign the invasive niche. Global Change Biol 19: Kettenring, Karin M., Sylvia de Blois & Donald P. Hauber Moving from a regional to a continental perspective of Phragmites australis invasion in North America. Aob Plants pls040:1-18. Overholt W.A., Sowinski, M.P., Schmitz, D.C., Schardt, J., Hunt, V., Larkin, D.J. and and Fant, J.B Early detection and rapid response to an exotic Phragmites population in Florida. Aquatics Magazine Fall(2014):3-5. Pennings S., Grant, M. and Bertness, M Plant zonation in low-latitude salt marshes: disentangling the roles of flooding, salinity and competition. J Ecol 93(1): Pennings S.C. and M.D. Bertness Salt marsh communities. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland. Vasquez E., Glenn, E., Brown, J., Guntenspergen, G. and Nelson, S Salt tolerance underlies the cryptic invasion of North American salt marshes by an introduced haplotype of the common reed Phragmites australis (Poaceae). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 298:1-8.

26 CISMA Update Central Florida CISMA Presented by: Sherry Williams

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28 2015 Fall General Workshop Seminole County Natural Lands 25 th Anniversary Event Presentation to Florida Trail Association Presentation to Seminole County Master Gardeners Orlando Wetlands Festival Invasive Species Workshop for Homeowners during National Invasive Species Awareness Week

29 Provided funding assistance to Oakland Nature Preserve Orlando Science Center Earth Day Event Aquatics Workshop Partnered with ECF CISMA and UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation

30 June Shout Outs FKIETF Plant ID Class 5/26/2016 TC Workday 5/27/2016 FERN Suwannee River Team Webinar 6/3/2016 FCIWG Meeting 6/22/2016 TC Meeting 6/23/2016 ECISMA EDRR Ranking Meeting 6/30/2016

31 FLEPPC 2017 Time to start planning for the 10 th Annual FLEPPC CISMA Session! It ll be hard but let s make it the best CISMA Session to date! Accepting Suggestions Now

32 New Reporting Method Google Form! To be ed & embedded on FISP Success Stories page. Automatically fills a spreadsheet! So easy it can be done while talking on the phone ;-)

33 Next Month s Call July 27, 2016 Invasive Plant Control: There s an App for That Tony Pernas CISMA Update: Everglades Dennis Giardina

34 CISMA Call Agenda Suggestions Needed!

35 Florida Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area (CISMA) Monthly Call Hosted by the Florida Invasive Species Partnership (FISP) participation is voluntary, we promise it will only last 1 hour, and we can guarantee that you will enjoy the conversations 4th Wednesday of Every Month at 1:30pm Except November and December Join the listserv to receive announcements at: floridainvasives.org 1. Online Meeting Number: Meeting password: Invasive2! 2. Phone US Toll-free: Conference Code: Attendee ID: In WebEx prompt after logging onenter at any time on key pad 3. Skype Skype name: nethopeandaffilliates Conference Code: