Dr. Kurt P. Kowalski USGS Great Lakes Science Center Michael Eggleston(presenter) & Wes Bickford Contractors Great Lakes Science Center Heather Braun

Transcription

1 Dr. Kurt P. Kowalski USGS Great Lakes Science Center Michael Eggleston(presenter) & Wes Bickford Contractors Great Lakes Science Center Heather Braun Great Lakes Commission

2 Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (Common Reed) Perennial grass Can be 5 m high Wide leaves Large inflorescence Rhizomes and extensive root system Native to North America Invasive haplotypes Haplotype M (widespread) Haplotype I (Gulf Coast)

3 A Landscape-Scale Problem Direct impact on people and habitats Priority for resource managers Need comprehensive approach Saltonstall et al 2004

4 Current Management Strategies Chemical Hydrologic Challenges Resource intensive Not species specific What happens after treatment? Mechanical Fire

5 Developing Approaches Gene Silencing Microbial Symbiosis Phragmites Symbiosis Collaborative Biological Control Mark Schwarzlander & Patrick Hafliger, CABI Biosciences, Bugwood.org

6 Microbial Approach Microscopic Fungi Microscopic Fungi Microscopic Fungi BENEFITS Tolerance - Drought - Temperature - Salt Accelerated Development of Seedlings Increased Growth and Yield

7 Symbiosis and Invasion Does symbiosis influence invasion? Can we disrupt symbiotic relationships to impact invasive properties of Phragmites? Interactions with microbes may impact: RHIZOME GROWTH STEM DENSITY SEED OUTPUT GROWTH RATE

8 Collaborative Approach BIG RESEARCH QUESTION: QUESTION Can Phragmites management be improved by utilizing existing microbial relationships? SMALL RESEARCH QUESTION SMALL RESEARCH QUESTION SMALL RESEARCH SMALL RESEARCH QUESTION SMALL RESEARCH QUESTION Expert Expert Expert Expert Expert

9 Collective Impact the commitment of a group of important actors from different sectors to a common agenda for solving a specific social problem (Kania and Kramer, 2011) Five Conditions for Success Common Agenda Common understanding of problem Joint approach to solving Shared Measurement Mutually Reinforcing Activities Continuous Communication Collecting data and measuring results consistently Ensures participants hold each other accountable Activities coordinated through reinforcing plan of action Consistent and open communication necessary Builds trust, assures objective, creates common motivation Source: Backbone Support Managing collective impact requires separate organization Serves as backbone for initiative and coordinates agencies Kania and Kramer, 2011

10 Collaborative for Microbial Symbiosis and Phragmites Management Purpose Support and facilitate research focused on furthering the science of Phragmites and symbiosis Strategy Engage leading microbial scientists to develop a research agenda toward a common goal Bring experts together to have a larger collective impact

11 Collaborative for Microbial Symbiosis and Phragmites Management What do we know about Phragmites and symbiosis? What gaps exist in our understanding? Create Science Agenda Craft individual research projects supporting agenda The Collaborative International Membership ~10 Researchers Microbial ecologists Active since April 2013 All members contribute to goal of microbe-based Phragmites control

12 Advancing the Science Identify microbes influential Targeted to Phragmites Research Projects Determine roles played Targeted by microbial assemblage Research Projects Goal: Microbe-based Target relationships Phragmites Targeted for control or Research management enhancement Projects approaches Test effectiveness and Targeted feasibility of new Research methods in Projects the field

13 Endophytic Fungi and Their Effects on Invasiveness What fungal endophytes are in Phragmites? What roles do they play? Culture and ID endophytes from field samples Endophyte distribution Assay of endophyte effects Individually inoculate Phragmites with each type of endophyte Dr. Keith Clay, Indiana University Keith Clay

14 Exploring role of Bacterial Endophytes in Phragmites Dr. James White, Rutgers University What bacteria are common in Phragmites? How do common isolates impact productivity? Can Phragmites fix nitrogen? Bacterial endophytes Can bacteria be inhibited with limited environmental impact? Benzoic acid Peracetic acid James White Layers of bacteria around meristematic tissue

15 Alternate Application Promote beneficial microbes in desirable species RESTORATION Implementing the Common Agenda Identify microbes influential to Phragmites Determine roles played by microbial assemblage Target relationships for control or enhancement Test effectiveness and feasibility of new methods in the field Goal: Microbebased Phragmites management approaches

16 Managing large stands of Phragmites Photos from MI DNR

17 Alter Competitive Outcomes Using Multiple Tools GENE SILENCING INHIBIT MICROBES MICROBIAL BENEFICIAL INHIBITOR PHRAGMITES SPREAD SEED BENEFICIAL INOCULATED WITH ENDOPHYTES BENEFICIAL ENDOPHYTES MI DNR

18 Additional Information Kania, J and M Kramer Collective Impact. Stanford Social Innovation Review 9(1):