Conservation of dragonflies and damselflies: threats, needs, and strategies. C. Mazzacano
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1 Conservation of dragonflies and damselflies: threats, needs, and strategies C. Mazzacano
2 Odonates at Risk About as many species of odonates as birds, but receive much less research and conservation attention Arrowhead Spiketail (Cordulegaster dorsalis); Hugo Cobos) Arrowhead Spiketail (Cordulegaster dorsalis); Hugo Cobos Striped Meadowhawk (Sympetrum pallipes); C. Mazzacano) Sierra Madre Dancer (Argia lacrimans); C. Mazzacano)
3 Odonates at Risk Many species have disappeared from water bodies worldwide American Rubyspot (Hetaerina cruentata), C. Mazzacano
4 Odonates at Risk Still discovering new species, county records, and distributions Kalkman et al., Global diversity of dragonflies (Odonata) in freshwater Sarracenia Spiketail (Cordulegaster sarracenia), Troy Hibbetts
5 Odonate Conservation Status Freshwater Mussels Crayfishes 51% 69% Stoneflies 43% Freshwater Fishes Amphibians Flowering Plants 33% 37% 36% Gymnosperms Ferns/Fern Allies 24% 22% Tiger Beetles Butterflies/Skippers Reptiles Dragonflies/Damselflies Mammals Birds 19% 19% 18% 18% 16% 14% Presumed/Possibly Extinct (GX/GH) Critically Imperiled (G1) Imperiled (G2) Vulnerable (G3) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Percent of Species Precious Heritage (2000), TNC, NatureServe
6 Odonate Conservation Status Dragonflies/Damselflies 18% 5952 odonate species globally (Schorr & Paulson, 2013) 463 odonate species in North America (Schorr & Paulson, 2013) 89 threatened odonate species in U.S. and Canada (Nature Serve 2013) Hine s Emerald (Somatochlora hineana); Kathryn Kirk, WDNR
7 5 presumed or possibly extinct 21 critically imperiled 23 imperiled 40 vulnerable Odonate Conservation Status Pacific Hawaiian Damselfly (Megalagrion pacificum); USFWS National Digital Library 6 species listed under ESA: Hine s Emerald, 5 Hawaiian Megalagrion damselflies Flying Earwig Hawaiian Damselfly (Megalagrion nesiotes; USFWS National Digital Library 2 species listed under SARA: Rapids Clubtail & Pygmy Snaketail
8 Why should we care? Large, beautiful, charismatic Claret Pondhawk (Erythemis mithroides), C. Mazzacano Poster child for aquatic insects and habitats Carmine Skimmer (Orthemis discolor); C. Mazzacano
9 Why should we care? Important link between terrestrial and aquatic food webs Nymph eating backswimmer, NatureUpClose Nymphs can be top predators in fishless wetlands Meadowhawk eating mosquito; K. Redmond, UWI-Milwaukee
10 Why should we care? Eaten by birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals Rich in fat and protein Great Kiskadee eating Common Green Darner; Dennis Paulson Provide essential amino acids lacking in plants and seeds Western Fence Lizard eating Common Whitetail; Dennis Paulson
11 Why should we care? Bear Creek, CA; C. Mazzacano Collins, CO; C. Mazzacano Biotope characterization different types of habitats have characteristic species assemblages Springer Lake Bog, WA; C. Mazzacano Plant bog, NY; C. Mazzacano
12 Why should we care? Biological indicators changes in abundance and species composition in response to human disturbance Crystal Springs Creek, Portland OR; C. Mazzacano
13 Why should we care? Heavy metal detection dragonfly nymphs being used to assess mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems
14 Why should we care? Model organisms to study effects of climate change
15 Why should we care? Cultural and aesthetic value
16 Threats to odonates Introduced species Eutrophication Sedimentation Habitat fragmentation Habitat loss & degradation Heavy metals Hydrologic alterations Ophiogomphus colubrinus; C. Mazzacano Pesticides Global climate change Unregulated grazing Celeste Mazzacano
17 Global climate change? migration precipitation Threats to odonates natural enemies? overwintering disease range changes prey? Red-tailed Pennant (Brachymesia furcata), C. Mazzacano habitat parasites?
18 Challenges for conservation Increasing demand for fresh water Multiple impacts in watersheds Mississippi River, Minneapolis MN; C. Mazzacano
19 Challenges for conservation Insects not charismatic Less public awareness Less appreciation of roles in freshwater habitats Lincoln Park, Chicago IL; Celeste Mazzacano
20 Challenges for conservation But it doesn t have to be that way!!!!! Interpretive sign developed by BLM at Cowboy Camp, Bear Creek, CA, in conjunction with Kathy & Dave Biggs; C. Mazzacano Natural or constructed ponds are important environmental education tools Lincoln Park Boardwalk, Chicago IL; C. Mazzacano
21 Challenges for conservation Knowledge gaps in life history and needs States/provinces may not include odonates in conservation plans Populations may decline past recovery Tadpole Pond, Portland OR; C. Mazzacano Alexa Carleton
22 Map essential habitat Assess current vs. historic distribution Conservation strategies Location of Hine s Emerald sites investigated in Door County
23 Conservation strategies Fill knowledge gaps (life history, taxonomy, distribution, trends, threats) Obtain protection for threatened species Develop recovery and management plans Hine s Emerald (Somatochlora hineana), John Abbott Hine s Emerald, John Abbott
24 Conservation strategies Protect, conserve, and restore aquatic and upland habitats C. Mazzacano Tanner Springs Park, Portland OR; C. Mazzacano C. Mazzacano
25 Conservation strategies Increase public knowledge, awareness, and appreciation Brianna Borders Celeste Mazzacano
26 Questions? Little Blue Dragonlet (Erythrodiplax minuscula), C. Mazzacano
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