NAE Envirothon 2013 Montana Wildlife Test Draft (100 pts total)

Transcription

1 NAE Envirothon 2013 Montana Wildlife Test Draft (100 pts total) 1. The four major migration routes for birds in North America are the Atlantic, Mississippi,, and Pacific flyways. (1 point) A. Prairie B. Missouri C. Central D. Rocky Mountain Source: Resource 1, North American Migration Flyways 2. A particular plant community that arises during the process of succession is referred to as a. (1 point) A. Sere B. Act C. Chapter D. Morphotype Source: Resource 3, Woodland Fish and Wildlife pages 6 and Snags provide many benefits to wildlife. List three different resources that snags provide and the kinds of wildlife that benefit from them. Example: Den sites for Raccoons. (6 Points) A. Foraging sites for woodpeckers (specific species of bird OK) B. Roost sites for Bats (specific species of bat OK) C. Nest site for any cavity nesting species (squirrels, nuthatches, woodducks, etc) Also accept: Foraging perch for raptors, food/home for insects Source: Managing Forests for Fish and Wildlife pages 3 & 4.

2 4. What is the most essential aspect of wildlife management is: (1 point) A. Population Dynamics B. Habitat Management C. Endangered Species Protection D. Legislation Source: Online Hunting and Safety Unit 10: Conservation, Wildlife Management, and Identification: Topic 1: Respect for Widlife, page 2. discuss on training day 5. Unregulated harvest for the fur trade in the early 19 th century nearly extirpated this largest North American rodent? (1 point) A. Beaver B. Muskrat C. Woodchuck D. River Otter Source: Trapping and Furbearer Management in North American Wildlife Conservation pages Which of these birds do not migrate up and down flyways each year? (1 point) A. Chukars B. Blackbirds C. Shorebirds D. Sparrows Reference: First paragraph of the Mississippi Flyway, North American Migration Flyways

3 7. Fish and wildlife have specific habitat requirements that include food, water, cover, and. (1 point) A. Breeding ground B. Space C. Early successional forest D. Harvest management Reference: 2 nd page under Basic Conditions, Woodland Fish and Wildlife 8. Habitat needs are variable between different wildlife species. Which of the following bird species inhabits the western United States and takes advantage of canopy gaps for food and cover? (1 point) A. Red-winged Blackbird B. Killdeer C. Downy Woodpecker D. Hooded Warbler Reference: Page 7 under Uneven-aged Management, Refer to Forestry Key Point 2, Resource 1: Managing Forests for Fish and Wildlife 9. The deadly disease mange that is associated with wild canids is caused by mites. As contact between individual animals or infected bedding increases, so does the spread of this disease. The correct term for describing population factors that are influenced by the number of individuals in a given area is: (1 point) A. Range influenced B. Population independent C. Population partitioning D. Density dependent Reference: Page 16 in the picture insert, Trapping and Furbearer Management in North American Wildlife Conservation pages 4-20

4 10. Match the term on the left with the correct description on the right. (6 points) Fragmentation Vertical Layering A. Links between habitats B. Where two or more habitat types come together Corridors Interspersion C. When wild areas become divided into smaller pieces D. The way plant communities change over time Edge E. Different types of plants growing to different heights Succession F. The way resources are arranged in a habitat Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology - Resource 1 4-H Wildlife Project Page What is the area of land adjacent to flowing water bodies where vegetation is maintained and managed to protect water quality called? (2 Points) Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology Resource 2 Wildlife Terms Page The population of Peregrine Falcons in North America was seriously impacted by the use of an insecticide called DDT in the 1970 s. Scientists discovered the cause of this and DDT has since been banned. Peregrine populations have now recovered. The term for additive accumulation of substances in the tissues of organisms as they move up food chains is called: (2 Points) Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology Resource 3 Wildlife Glossary Page An ecological community that has a high diversity is more and than a community that has a low diversity. (4 Points) Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology Resource 4 Organization of Life: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems Page 1 discuss on training day

5 14. The above graphic represents a simple model of population growth where the X axis shows time in years and the Y axis shows individuals in a population. Based on this and assuming there is no additional influences on the population, what is the carry capacity of this habitat? (2 Points) Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology Resource 5 The Basics of Population Dynamics Page 1 discuss on training day 15. Three main strategies that wildlife use to survive inclement weather are: and _, and. (6 Points) Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology Resource 6 Winter Adaptations of Animals Page 1 discuss on training day

6 16. Name three abiotic factors that influence site quality for wildlife habitat. These should not include factors influenced by man such as pollution or fragmentation. (6 Points) A. B. C. Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology Resource 7 Wildlife Ecology Basics Page 3 discuss on training day 17. Name the three levels of biodiversity that researchers generally accept. (6 Points) A. B. C. Source: Key Point 2 Wildlife Ecology Resource 8 Canadian Biodiversity Website: An Introduction to Biodiversity Theory, Part 2, Three Levels of Biodiversity Page Leafy Spurge is an invasive plant common in many areas of Montana. Releasing beetles that feed on Leafy Spurge is an example of: (1 Points) A. Chemical Control B. Natural Consumption C. Predatory Dilution D. Biological Control Source: Introduced Species: The Threat to Biodiversity and What Can Be Done

7 19. Damming rivers and converting blocks of forest and prairie to cropland can have a detrimental impact on some wildlife species. Which of the following terms best describes this effect? (1 Point) A. Habitat Degradation B. Habitat Destruction C. Habitat Fragmentation D. Habitat Loss Source: National Wildlife Federation: Habitat Loss discuss on training day 20. Brucellosis is a disease that is contagious to domestic cattle, bison, elk, and humans. In humans the disease is called undulate fever. Diseases that are transferred between animals and humans are referred to as: (1 Point) A. Epidemic B. Halitosis C. Vectoric D. Zoonotic Source: USGS Vector-borne Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases discuss on training day 21. The vector species for West Nile Virus is: (1 Point) A. Ticks B. Midges C. Horses D. Mosquitoes Source: USGS Vector-borne Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases

8 22. Name the act passed in 1973 that is one of the most vital legislative actions in the United States for the protection of species that are threatened with extinction. (2 points) Endangered Species Act Source: Defenders of Wildlife: Protection of Endangered Species 23. Which of the following is an acronym for the international agreement that protects the buying and selling of endangered species? (1 Point) A. CITES B. NAFTA C. BOCLA D. WWF Source: Defenders of Wildlife: Protection of Endangered Species 24. All of the big-game mammals of Montana fall within one of two orders. What are they? (4 Points) Carnivora Artiodactyla Source: Identification of Montana s Big Game Mammals, Compiled by Bart O Gara Page Some wildlife species have adapted very well to human development. White-tailed deer and coyotes are good examples of this. Consequently, these species are commonly seen by the general public. Which species of owl common to Montana is most often observed by the public? (2 Points) Great Horned Owl Source: Identification of Montana s Owls by Denver Holt and Dale M. Becker Pages 1-3

9 26. Name the hawk that nests in northern Canada and Alaska that typically winters in the lower 48 United States. In winter, this hawk is the most common buteo seen in the prairie of Montana. (2 Points) Rough-legged Hawk Source: Identification of Montana s Birds of Prey by Kristi DuBois and Dale Becker Pages Which of the following species winter habitats would most likely be affected by the loss of high altitude conifer stands? (1 Points) A. Sage Grouse B. Blue Grouse C. Ruffed Grouse D. Sharp-tailed Grouse Source: Identification of Montana s Upland Game Birds by Dave Books Pages 1-4 discuss on training day 28. Montana is home to only 4 salamander species. Like most amphibians they are very sensitive to chemical pollutants in their environment. Which MT salamander species is most likely to be affected if agricultural chemicals contaminate water bodies in central and eastern Montana? (2 Points) Source: Identification of Montana s Amphibians and Reptiles by Jim Reichel and Dennis Flath Pages What owl species has the peculiar habit of bobbing up and down while looking at prey or other species? (2 Points) Source: Sharing Your Land with Shortgrass Prairie Birds, Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory Page16

10 30. The female of which shortgrass prairie bird species will sometimes lay eggs in one nest, then leave the eggs in care of the male while she lays eggs in a second nest, which she tends? (2 Points) Source: Sharing Your Land with Shortgrass Prairie Birds, Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory Page The males of this Montana Big Game Mammal have horns inches long and they shed the horn sheaths every November. (2 Points) Source: Identification of Montana s Big Game Mammals, Compiled by Bart O Gara Page Name two Montana mammals that are Federally listed threatened species under the ESA. (4 Points) 1. 2> Source: Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species in Montana May 2012 discuss on training day 33. What is the only venomous species of snake native to Montana? (2 Points) Source: Identification of Montana s Amphibians and Reptiles by Jim Reichel and Dennis Flath Page Wildlife resources are under constant pressure caused by human population growth, environmental degradation, and (2 Points) Source: USGS National Wildlife Health Center: Diseases of Wildlife in the United States (first paragraph)

11 Specimen Identification Questions: Use the Key Provided (ND Skull Key) to identify the animals in questions What type of foot posture does this animal have? (Raccoon Skull) (2 Points) Source: Biology 475 Mammalogy Laboratory Intro Sheet 36. What is the scientific and common name of this species? (Coyote Skull) (2 Points) Source: ND Skull Key 37. What is the name of this species that was responsible for much of the early exploration of North America? (Beaver Skull) (2 Points) Source: ND Skull Key and Identification of Montana s Furbearing Mammals, Page 15 discuss on training day 38. Name this species (Striped Skunk Skull) (2 Points) Source: ND Skull Key 39. What is the primary prey of this species? (Canada Lynx Hide) (2 Points) Source: FWP Lynx Fact Sheet

12 40. What species does this come from and what is it made of? (Pronghorn Horn Sheath) (4 Points) A B. Source: Identification of Montana s Big Game Mammals, Pronghorn Fact Sheet 41. What species does this antler come from? (Mule Deer Antler) (2 Points) Source: Identification of Montana s Big Game Mammals 42. What species do these belong to? (Grizzly Bear Claws) (2 Points) Source: Identification of Montana s Big Game Mammals, Page What is the term that describes this species adaptation for digging and life underground? (Badger Hide) (2 Points) Source: Identification of Montana s Furbearing Mammals, Page 1