Information Graphics

Transcription

1 Information Graphics Joyeeta Dutta Moscato June 30, 2014 Snow,

2 Nightingale, Minard,

3 Edward Tufte (1942 ) Yale University Professor Emeritus in Political Science, Computer Science, Statistics & Senior Critic, School of Art Pioneer in the field of data visualization Graphical Excellence Excellence in statistical graphic consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. Graphical displays should: Show the data Induce the viewer to think about substance, rather than methodology Avoid distorting what the data have to say Excellent visualizations are those that give the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest amount of time, with the least ink and in the smallest space. In essence, data illustration is about simplifying the complex as much as possible. When the data-rich illustrations are examined closely, every data point has a value, but when they are looked at more generally, only trends and patterns can be observed a macro/micro reading, presented in the space of an eye-span Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information 3

4 Graphical Excellence Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data - a matter of Substance, Statistics and Design Graphical excellence is almost always multivariate Graphical excellence is that which gives the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space. Graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data. Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information Anscombe s Quartet 4

5 Good graphics reveal data Anscombe s Quartet Anscombe s quartet Non Informative Graphics The 1986 destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger, which was due to a damaged O-ring seal, has been attributed in part to a failure of data analysis. Decision-makers at the US space agency, NASA, were uncertain about whether to launch the space shuttle in below-freezing temperatures. 5

6 Non Informative Graphics The 1986 destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger, which was due to a damaged O-ring seal, has been attributed in part to a failure of data analysis. Decision-makers at the US space agency, NASA, were uncertain about whether to launch the space shuttle in below-freezing temperatures. They had the data Informative Graphics Edward Tufte later pointed out, this disaster could have been avoided had the data been more clearly conveyed through the use of a graphic. A visualization prioritizing information makes obvious the risk of O-ring damage in extreme cold temperatures. 6

7 Misleading Graphics There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies and statistics - Mark Twain, attributed to Disraeli Misleading Graphics in dishonest fox chartsgovernment aid ed/

8 Misleading Graphics whopper from foxs graphicsdepartment/ Misleading Graphics news pie chart fail 68j 8

9 Graphical Excellence Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data - a matter of Substance, Statistics and Design Graphical excellence is almost always multivariate Graphical excellence is that which gives the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space. Graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data. Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information 9

10 Bhavnani et al Bhavnani et al

11 Krzywinski, M. et al. Circos: an Information Aesthetic for Comparative Genomics. Genome Res (2009) 19: CIRCOS 11

12 CIRCOS 12

13 13

14 Acknowledgments Liz Marai, Dept. of Comp Science Harry Hochheiser, Dept of Biomedical Informatics 14