Offshore Classification. Go strong. DNV serving the energy industry

Transcription

1 Offshore Classification Go strong. DNV serving the energy industry

2 THIS IS DNV DNV is a global provider of services for managing risk. Established in 1864, DNV is an independent foundation with the purpose of safeguarding life, property and the environment. DNV comprises 300 offices in 100 countries, with 7,000 employees. DNV Energy is one of four business areas in DNV, alongside DNV Maritime, DNV Industry and DNV IT Global Services. Our vision is global impact for a safe and sustainable future. DNV provides world-class expertise in technology, operations, management and risk. We combine our know-how into a professional service concept designed to safely improve the performance of your business. So you can go strong on all dimensions. Contents Services Overview u Lifecycle assurance of safe and reliable operation 6 Distributed Production u Organised for optimal service delivery 8 Cold Climate u Meeting the challenge of arctic operations 9 Conversions u A better decision making process 10 Fatigue Assessment u A holistic approach 11 Offshore Standards u Developing codes and standards 12 Beyond Classification u Capitalising on our knowledge 13

3 DNV SERVICES TO THE ENERGY INDUSTRY u Enterprise Risk Management u SHE Risk Management u Technology Qualification u Verification u Offshore Classification u Asset Risk Management u Training u IT Risk Management u Certification Offshore Classification target segments Through these services, our teams of highly qualified professionals deliver cutting-edge solutions to customers across the industry: u Deep and ultra-deepwater field development u Floating offshore installations u Fixed structures u Offshore and onshore pipelines u Natural Gas/LNG u Refining and petrochemicals u Power generation and transmission u Wind, wave and tidal energy u Arctic operations and technology u Operations excellence u Carbon capture and storage

4 Expanding

5 Offshore Classification The oil and gas industry is increasingly exploring and exploiting resources at remote offshore sites. Operators need to stay longer on location, executing complex activities with the use of new and adapted technology solutions. At the same time, the public is aware and intolerant of accidents and environmental damage. As a result, demonstrating and assuring the integrity and safety of offshore units is more important than ever before. offshore operations safely As the leading offshore classification society, DNV has more than 40 years of experience in providing classification and statutory certification services for offshore units. Offshore classification is based on our own offshore standards, developed over several decades. DNV takes a holistic approach to classification that incorporates advanced theoretical analysis and relevant industry standards, as well as our extensive industry experience and internal knowledge base. We help the industry in its pursuit of valuable energy resources, by identifying, assessing and managing risk.

6 PAGE 4 DNV Energy Services Overview Distributed Production Cold Climate Conversions Fatigue Assessment Offshore Standards Beyond Classification THE BUSINESS LIFE CYCLE DNV assisting companies in the energy industry along the entire life cycle to safeguard and improve business performance Project phases: Strategy Feasibility & concept selection design DNV energy deliveries: offshore classification Pre-contract Services Design Approval Certification of mate Fabrication NON-classification support service enterprise and she risk management and decision support environmental modelling and project risk management technology qualification supply chain assurance asset operations performance support ongoing technical support

7 Offshore Classification construction installation & commissioning operation & life extension DECOMMISSIONING rials and components (CMC) Survey and commissioning In-sErvice surveys management (prm) (SCA)

8 PAGE 6 DNV Energy Services Overview Distributed Production Cold Climate Conversions Fatigue Assessment Offshore Standards Beyond Classification services overview Lifecycle assurance of safe and reliable operation The cost of delivering hydrocarbons to the market is rising, as are external stakeholder concerns about environmental damage and accidents. This makes risk management essential. Classification provides a structure for managing risks related to offshore units. The industry must proactively address stakeholder concerns. A broad range of stakeholders, such as financial institutions, shareholders, insurers and the public, are focused on safety and reliability in the oil and gas industry. Consequently, there is a declining tolerance of incidents leading to death, injury or environmental impact. Through offshore classification, DNV helps clients to ensure and demonstrate adequate safety, reliability and regulatory compliance, throughout the lifecycle of an asset. The DNV approach DNV Offshore Classification establishes basic requirements for Mobile Offshore Units (MOUs), and verifies the required safety standards during design, construction and operation. It is based on both theoretical analysis and practical experience. Our classification activities include: XXSetting Rules XXIntegration of safety standards though early engagement in design process XXSelection of customised class notations to match service objectives XXIdentification and review of safety-critical aspects at design phase XXCertification of critical marine and industrial components and systems XXConstruction survey through the complete fabrication phase XXInspections and tests from construction through commissioning XXRegular surveys during operation Benefits DNV Offshore Classification gives access to the acknowledged leader, in terms of: XXCapabilities in industrial and marine structures and systems XXApplication of safety principles XXThird party review and assessment XXCritical components & systems certification to relevant standards XXSurvey during construction and commissioning XXGlobal network of dedicated offshore in-service surveyors XXAssurance of shelf and flag state compliance XXTechnical and operational feedback Lifecycle Services The following components are integral to the integrated, lifecycle, risk management approach of offshore classification. Design approval Operating MOUs and Floating Production, Storage and Offloading units (FPSOs) requires subscribing to a policy of zero tolerance of failure. However, there is a danger of wasting resources by over-specifying requirements. While we normally issue classification-based assurance independent of location, our classification can also be linked to particular locations and environmental conditions, to meet the client s specific operational needs. Case: Drilling Units Lifetime Classification Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs) primary purpose is to drill holes rapidly, get quickly to the next location, and repeat. How ever, modern MODUs are now expected to function as platforms for any activities that the operator of the field wishes to execute in support of wells and subsea developments. MODUs must be functional, always available, reliable and able to survive whatever the environment and the drilling crew might throw at them. The owner must be able to continuously demonstrate the integrity of the unit to all stake holders. The DNV approach to classification of MODUs recognises operational and business demands. It includes: XXDedicated offshore standards XXSpecially trained, and dedicated, MODU survey staff XXA rig coordinator appointed for each unit XXIn-service inspection programmes prepared for each unit XXA database of all defects ever found on DNV-classed units The owners of DNV-Classed MODUs typically work closely with DNV and use DNV s systems to maintain integrity and achieve availability of their units.

9 Offshore Classification Operating MOUs requires zero tolerance of failure. DNV Classification assists clients throughout the asset lifecycle. By applying this flexible approach, supported by sound risk principles, we ensure that the optimal path is taken in verification of designs, that requirements and criteria are appropriate and that the objectives of the relevant standards are met. We achieve this within an agreed and realistic timetable. Fabrication survey and commissioning Prior to start of fabrication, DNV assesses the set-up and control at the yard and major subcontractors facilities. We also carry out surveys and audits. This ensures that approved drawings and plans are being followed and that the yard is following its own systems and producing the required quality. Ultimately, the fabrication survey and commissioning activities should confirm that the unit is built to pre-agreed standards. Certification of materials and components (cmc) Construction of MOU s involves a growing number of potential providers of materials, components and systems. This creates uncertainty about the capabilities of suppliers, delays, and quality problems. Ultimately, it increases the risk of incidents. Classification requires that materials, components or systems be certified as meeting class and regulatory requirements before delivery to the yard. This a vital tool for eliminating unnecessary supply chain delays. When coupled with supplier assessment pre-contract services, this creates a powerful tool for the industry to utilise in managing supply chain risks. In-service surveys Confirming continued adherence to standards is crucial to ensuring the safety of lives at sea. DNV leads the industry in providing owners and operators with customised MOU inservice solutions and capabilities, including: XXCustomised In-service Inspection Programmes (IIPs) XXCustomised integrity survey scopes XXCertified, dedicated, offshore surveyors familiar with the units XXAcceptance of risk-based and reliabilitycentred methodologies XXData collection and analysis, for identifying trends and improvement opportunities in MOU design, operation and classification XXAcceptance of Condition Monitoring as alternative to opening up XXAlignment with the asset integrity and maintenance systems Our in-service classification services are fully integrated with those of both owners and regulatory authorities. This leads to the highest level of integrity, coupled with the least amount of downtime. Critical Issue: Achievement & demonstration of integrity and availability. Solution: DNV MODU Classification package (people, experience and systems). KEY DeliverABLEs: Proactive and flexible approach to meeting class & statutory requirements. Value to Client: Balancing of integrity, unit availability and stakeholder needs.

10 PAGE 8 DNV Energy Services Overview Distributed Production Cold Climate Conversions Fatigue Assessment Offshore Standards Beyond Classification Distributed Production Organised for optimal service delivery Customers require services on demand, on time and on location. Our delivery model utilises key service centres at strategic locations, allowing distributed, global networking of resources. As a result, we offer industry-leading response times and real added value. DNV has improved its regional service centres. With global demand for offshore classification s services continuing to grow, DNV has reorganised its resources, in order to improve its capability to meet client needs. The process is supported by DNV s state-ofthe-art Nauticus software production platform and web-based tools such as E-Approval. DNV Offshore Classification provides classification services globally, for mobile offshore drilling units, floating production units and other offshore installations. We assist our clients in proactively managing their operational safety challenges. Closer to the customer The key to success is in having qualified resources locally to support our client needs, balanced by access to our global network, says Carl Arne Carlsen, Director of Operations for DNV Offshore Classification. In order to achieve this, DNV is strengthening its offshore service centres in Houston, Rio de Janeiro, South Korea, Shanghai, Singapore, Aberdeen and Oslo. These locations feature Offshore Service and Approval Centres catering to the local and regional market. These centres are capable of delivering full approval and survey capabilities covering all disciplines. The production work will be distributed using Nauticus, DNV s state-of-the-art electronic production system. In addition, DNV fully supports the use of e-approval, a leading initiative that is universally accepted by the industry. Worldwide coordination DNV has invested significantly in these changes. As a result, our worldwide offshore classification activities are better coordi nated. The latest model provides us with more flexibility, so that we can meet or exceed our customers expectations on delivery of DNV services. The industry has already responded positively to our changes, adds Carlsen. The new offshore classification network has shifted the delivery of services for the oil and gas market, to the regional level. This has resulted in a more active approach across all national boundaries, using a common system and best practices to ensure a consistent and high quality delivery for our customers worldwide. One positive result of the changes is the customer delight at exeptional turnaround times. Projects for Petrobras in Brazil being good examples. Case: PETROBRAS E-APPROVAL Petrobras, the Brazilian National Oil Company, entrusted the development of a new production semi-submersible for the Marlim Sul field, off the Brazilian coast, to engineering contractor Technip. Given the tight design and production schedule, Technip required that all project activities be coordinated and executed with minimal delay or disruption. DNV needed a solution to speed the review, verification and approval of design. To do this, we implemented our e-approval documentation handling system. The client has internet access and overview of documentation status, using our DNV Exchange, internet based service. E-Approval has been a critical factor in the success of the project. The faster exchange of information has resulted in a dramatically shorter response time for approval of plans. Over the course of the project, the initiative will eliminate the handling of 15,000 printed copies of documents, significantly reducing processing cost and complexity. Petrobras and Technip have been extremely satisfied with the outcome of the initiative.

11 Offshore Classification Cold Climate Meeting the challenge of arctic operations A quarter of the world s remaining oil and gas reserves lie under Arctic waters. DNV s expertise in Arctic-related technology, operations and human factors will be crucial for exploiting these reserves. We are working closely with industry leaders to address these challenges. DNV helps clients operate safely in the Arctic. DNV set its first requirements for ice strengthening in Nansen s famous 1892 Arctic expedition ship Fram was classed to DNV Rules and used in 1911 by Roald Amundsen for the first trip to the South Pole. Since then, DNV has been the leading classification society for Arctic vessels and continues to increase its market share for maritime and offshore Arctic activities. There is an increasing focus on hydrocarbon activities in cold climate regions, where environmental conditions pose technological and operating challenges for offshore installations and crew. As many of these regions are pristine or vulnerable, the world expects the industry to maintain the highest standards of HSE performance. We help ensure that the proper requirements for safe and environmentally friendly operations are established and met. For many years, DNV has addressed winterisation of offshore units working in the high north. We understand that although existing projects provide the building blocks that bring Arctic development within reach, significant risks remain that require additional cross-party understanding, investment, and technology development. In support of these challenges, DNV offers: XXCold climate technical expertise XXSpecific class notations for ice interaction, winterisation, environmental performance and equipment XXApproval in Principle (AIP) for innovative solutions XXGuidelines for use of DNV Offshore Standards in Arctic environments XXIce specialists for risk sensitive aspects such as mooring system design, ice management, loadings, escape and evacuation DNV runs its own Arctic research centre, with dedicated experts exploring cutting-edge technologies and solutions to be applied on behalf of our clients, in the future. Evolving DNV classification will consider other safety-critical areas such as operating philosophy, human factors affecting performance, ice management and disconnection systems. Therefore, we expect that responsibly managing safety in unusual operating environments will require classification clients and societies to adapt to an evolving classification scope. We are fully committed to this and to working with the industry to make it happen. Critical Issue: Approval turnaround times. Solution: DNV e-approval System. Key Deliverables: Faster turnaround; accessibility, reduced costs. Value to Customer: Avoidance of delays & uncertainties.

12 PAGE 10 DNV Energy Services Overview Distributed Production Cold Climate Conversions Fatigue Assessment Offshore Standards Beyond Classification Conversions A better decision making process The selection of development solution for offshore hydrocarbon developments involves careful consideration of various options including building or converting an FPSO. We help you in making and executing these decisions. DNV assists clients in assessing conversion projects. Conversion of an existing vessel to a new use has many benefits, including reduced costs and time. However, conversion entails significant potential risks, including unforeseen problems with: XXThe physical condition and integrity of the vessel XXScheduling and integration of destruct/ construct activities XXSupply chain assurance for purchased equipment and systems XXThe current class & flag status of the vessel XXPhilosophy regarding application of flag and class requirements The choice of classification society is key in terms of their specific working processes, which can either contribute to the project success or be a potential block. Execution The DNV method for involvement in major conversions includes the involvement of a local project manager, who is responsible for the technical and commercial aspects of the project and coordinates all DNV activities. We utilise dedicated local resources and all work is carried out at our local offices where possible. This enables us to give clients a commitment to approval turnaround time of 3 weeks or less. Guidelines DNV recognises that the working process for conversions needs to be slightly different than that of newbuilds. Some differences include: XXAcceptance of used equipment XXAcceptance of field proven equipment XXThe principle of equivalence XXA systems approach, rather than component review XXAcceptance of international and other standards DNV is a leader in the classification and statutory certification of conversions of vessels originally classed by DNV and other societies. The DNV method aims to ensure that the requirements of class and flag/coastal state are met, with the maximum flexibility and consideration for project schedule, cost and functionality. Case: FPSO Global Fatigue Assessment DNV carried out a full fatigue verification of the installations in a major offshore West Africa development. Calculations were carried out according to the full stochastic fatigue analysis method. A part-ship structural model of hull structure with topsides was used in the analyses. In the fatigue screening (global fatigue analysis), damages were calculated at the element stress points. The conclusion from part-ship screening considered several critical locations for detailed local analysis. The fatigue damage in hot spots was re-calculated, for more de - tailed understanding of the local circumstances. Stress responses in areas subjected to detailed fatigue calculations were calculated, using stress concentration factor (SCF) models and the sub-modeling technique. Fatigue screening showed most critical areas with respect to fatigue strength. Based on the fatigue screening results, specific hot spot locations were identified for further refined hot spot analysis and for development of the In-Service Inspection Programme (IIP) provided by DNV.

13 Offshore Classification Fatigue Assessment A holistic approach Location 2 Fatigue of offshore structures is an emotive subject, partly because this failure mechanism has led to some of the worst accidents and incidents in the industry s history. Industry leadership in fatigue analysis is essential to demonstrating reliability and safety. DNV is a leader in fatigue analysis. Location 3 Location 4 For more than two decades, DNV has led the industry in establishing guidelines and standards for fatigue design of offshore structures. Specifically, DNV has worked with the industry to develop a holistic, project-specific approach for design and construction. Fatigue has been a highly visible subject in the industry. This is due to the cost and consequences associated with fatigue cracks, the concerns associated with Mobile Offshore Units operating in harsh environments, and several high profile incidents and accidents. DNV has been at the forefront in managing this risk, starting with the 1984 edition of Fatigue Strength Analysis for Mobile Offshore Units Classification Note In April 2007, we released a new Fatigue Method for Offshore Ships under Recommended Practice RP-C206. This RP is supported with a new FMS Class notation for ship-shaped offshore units. RP-C206 is an extension of DNV s active role and complements DNV s current documen tation: XX Fatigue Assessment of Ship Structures, Classification Note 30.7 XX Recommended Strength Analysis of Offshore Steel Structures RP-C203 The FMS class notation name is derived from the FPSO Fatigue Methodology Specification, jointly developed by ExxonMobil and DNV. It provides technical guidance for the fatigue design of new-build ship-shaped FPSO structures. This has been successfully implemented in FPSO developments including offshore West Africa. DNV-RP-C206 ensures that all critical structural details are adequately designed to meet project fatigue requirements. It forms a basis for development of fabrication and in-service inspection plans. This document captures the latest knowledge, methodologies and techniques from JIPs and DNV s internal research, integrating it into DNV s Offshore Service Specifications. The RP is focused on a full stochastic fatigue analysis method. This technique is a first principles approach, using directly calculated wave loads and stresses from site-specific metocean criteria. A load component simplified fatigue methodology is described, to provide a sanity check on the results. DNV continues to contribute to the industry understanding and management of the risks created by fatigue in offshore structures. Our methodology is widely accepted as the leading approach. Critical Issue: Assess potential FPSO fatigue problems. Solution: Analysis according to RP-C206. KEY DeliverABLEs: Detailed analysis, in-service inspection programme (IIP). Value to Client: Confidence in fatigue risk management and optimisation of IIP.

14 PAGE 12 DNV Energy Services Overview Distributed Production Cold Climate Conversions Fatigue Assessment Offshore Standards Beyond Classification Offshore Standards Developing codes and Standards DNV is the leader in delopment of standards. Our Offshore Rules and Standards are based on the latest technology as well as our accumulated experience. We continuously improve, revise and publish them, based on research, development and user feedback. This ensures that they are kept up-to-date. DNV has been classifying ships since 1864, and there is a clear crossover of experience from marine verification and certification to the oil, gas and process industries. We bring that experience, combined with our in-depth knowledge of risk management and tailormade risk tools, to assist you in meeting your stakeholders goals and expectations. Our Offshore Rules, Standards and Recommended Practices cover hull, structure, marine and industrial equipment, pipelines and risers and marine operations. Our clients widely use our service specifications, standards and recommended practices as part of their project specification apart from adopting them as their company standards. DNV Offshore Codes consist of a threelevel hierarchy of publications: XXOffshore Service Specifications: providing principles and procedures of DNV classification, certification and verification services XXOffshore Standards: providing technical provisions and acceptance criteria for general use by the offshore industry, as well as the technical basis for DNV offshore services XXRecommended Practices: providing proven technology and sound engineering practice as well as guidance for the higher level Offshore Service Specifications and Offshore Standards A basic premise of the DNV offshore standards is that, where sound and industry accepted standards exist, DNV will not seek to duplicate these industry standards. Accordingly, DNV accepts the meeting of our offshore standards via compliance with such indutry recognised standards DNV Offshore Codes are offered within the following areas: XXQualification, Quality and Safety Methodology XXMaterials Technology XXStructures XXSystems XXSpecial Facilities XXPipelines and Risers XXAsset Operation XXMarine Operations XXWind Turbines XXSubsea Systems Electronic copies of several of our standards can be downloaded at: Case: Major Offshore Field Development (Bohai) MPQA An oil company needed to select suppliers of materials, equipment, systems and services from a large pool of potential partners. The project involved significant risks, in terms of capital loss, revenue flow and loss of reputation. DNV was asked to assist in managing the risks involved in the process. We recommended that the client adopt the DNV MPQA (Manu facturers Product Quality Assessment) approach. The MPQA service is a bottom-up assessment of elements which could prevent the supplier from meeting specifications. MPQA uses a series of specific protocols. Expert DNV/purchaser teams carry out assessments using the protocols. The inputs are used to produce quantitative and qualitative reports. This allows the purchaser to assess potential vendors, rank them, and identify potential weaknesses to be addressed later on. DNV carried out a large number of assessments for the project. The client was extremely pleased to have the ability to demonstrate to partners the objective process used in the selection of vendors. The MPQA also generated valuable information for follow-up during delivery of service.

15 Offshore Classification Beyond Classification Capitalising on our knowledge DNV is more than just a provider of Offshore Classification Services. We utilise our century and a half of experience and knowledge to support our corporate objective of protecting life, property & the environment. This is demonstrated in the wide range of non-class services that we provide to the industry. Combining DNV capabilities across disciplines to provide solutions. In the typical schedule for offshore developments, there are continual challenges to be met, in order for the project to be successful from an economic perspective. Overcoming these challenges requires that the key participants in the project, (such as drillers, engineering contractors, developers, or others) have access to the best assistance in all areas. However, it is often difficult for these players to find and access resources that offer the necessary technical competence, and are adequately firewalled from the project, in order to provide truly independent assistance in assessment and decision making. DNV is in the enviable position of possessing both the necessary technical expertise in the offshore industry and universally acknowledged independence and integrity. This enables us to meet client needs in a truly supportive and unbiased way. The DNV model in providing such services is to concentrate on the capabilities contained within the DNV organisation and fit customised solutions to the client need. DNV s capabilities cover the following areas: XXRisk management XXManagement systems XXTechnology In many cases, the solution that fits in one situation fits well in subsequent ones and becomes a typical and repeatable non-class provision. Typical Non-Class Services The following list includes some of the nonclassification services DNV typically provides: XXConcept selection studies XXQualification of new technology XXRisk-based verification/certification XXIndependent design assessment and verification XXSHE risk management and analysis XXEnvironmental assessments including Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) XXSafety case development XXDevelopment of verification schemes for regulatory compliance XXEngineering and technical support XXGeotechnical engineering XXCorrosion management, including assessment and control XXRisk-based quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) XXLaboratory testing including full scale XXFailure Investigations XXRe-Assessment for life extension XXAsset integrity management including de veloping In-Service Inspection Programmes (IIP) XXProject management services XXSupply chain assurance services In this way DNV truly partners with the industry. Critical Issue: Robust method for supplier selection. Solution: DNV MPQA process. KEY DeliverABLEs: Quantitative and qualitative reports. Value to Client: Increased confidence in management of risks.

16 PAGE 14 DNV Energy Services Overview Distributed Production Cold Climate Conversions Fatigue Assessment Offshore Standards Beyond Classification DNV locations DNV serves the energy industry from more than 40 primary locations worldwide. In addition, we draw on DNV s entire worldwide network of 300 offices in 100 countries. Trondheim Bergen Stavanger Oslo Aberdeen Sandefjord Esbjerg Copenhagen Manchester Moscow London Antwerp Paris Essen Astana Tripoli Kuwait Doha Abu Dhabi Muscat Mumbai Tanggu Shanghai Lagos Ho Chi Minh City Kuala Lumpur Singapore Vung Tau Luanda Jakarta

17 Offshore Classification Calgary Halifax St. John s Columbus Houston Trinidad Salvador Rio de Janeiro Macaé São Paulo Porto Alegre Buenos Aires

18 DNV ENERGY main offices: Aberdeen Cromarty House Regent Quay Aberdeen AB11 5AR United Kingdom Tel: Antwerp Duboisstraat 39 b Antwerp Belgium Tel: Abu Dhabi The Towers Abu Dhabi Trade Centre Near Beach Rotana Hotel East Wing E 108 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Tel: Bergen Johan Berentsensvei NO-5020 Laksevåg, Bergen Norway Tel: Calgary Bay Pegasus Way NE Calgary AB Canada T2E 8M5 Tel: Columbus 5777 Frantz Road Dublin, Ohio USA Tel: Copenhagen Tuborg Parkvej 8, 2nd Floor DK2900 Hellerup Copenhagen Denmark Tel: Houston Park Ten Place Suite 100 Houston, TX 77084, USA Tel: Kuala Lumpur 24th Floor, Menara Weld 76, Jalan Raja Chulan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: London Palace House 3 Cathedral Street London SE1 9DE United Kingdom Tel: Luanda Edificio Monumental Rua Major Kanhangulo, nº 290 2º Andar Luanda Angola Tel: Oslo Veritasveien 1 NO-1322 Høvik Norway Tel: Paris Centre BFI, Tour AREVA, Paris La Defense Cedex Paris France Tel: Moscow Business-Center Country Park 3rd Floor, Panfilova Moscow Region Khimki, Moscow Russian Federation Tel: Mumbai Emgeen Chambers, 10, C.S.T. Road, Vidyanagari, Kalina Santacruz East Mumbai India Tel: Rio de Janeiro Rua Sete de Setembro, o andar CEP Rio de Janeiro, R.J Brazil Tel: Shanghai House No. 9, 1591 Hong Qiao Road Shanghai China Tel: Singapore DNV Technology Centre 10 Science Park Drive Singapore Singapore Tel: Stavanger Bjergstedveien 1 NO-4007 Stavanger Norway Tel: DNV Veritasveien 1 NO-1322 Høvik, Norway Tel: Fax: Concept and design: COBRA/CREUNA Images: DNV, p6 Getty images Production: Ressurs