Planning of Knowledge Management System for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

Transcription

1 Planning of Knowledge Management System for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities Yukihiro IGUCHI Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering University of Fukui 1

2 Background The decommissioning of a nuclear facility is a long term project. The decommissioning project is likely to be delayed. The transfer of knowledge and education to the next generation is a crucial issue. Integration and implementation of a system for knowledge management is necessary in order to solve it. In Japan, based on the past experience, the decommissioning projects of power plants are going on. The knowledge from the design phase is necessary for decommissioning. Knowledge Management (KM) (for decommissioning) should be well planned through all the life stages of nuclear facilities. 2

3 Present Status of NPPs Decommissioning in Japan 4+6 units are under decommissioning Number of NPP units according to age in Japan As of April years is designated legal life Genkai 1 (PWR) Shimane 1 (BWR) Mihama 1,2 (PWRs) Tsuruga 1 (BWR) Year 5 units decided decommissioning on March 2015 Fukushima-Daiichi Unit 1 6 (TEPCO) - BWRs Tokai NPS (JAPC) - Graphite-moderated CO 2 -cooled reactor - Output: 166 MWe - Operation: July, March, Decommissioning: Dec., JFY JPDR (former JAERI) - BWR - Output: 12.5 MWe - Operation: Oct.,1963-March, Decommissioning : May,1986 March, Fugen (JAEA) - ATR (Heavy water reactor) - Output: 165 MWe - Operation: March, March, Decommissioning: Feb., JFY Hamaoka Unit1,2 (Chubu Electric) - BWR - Output: 540 MWe (Unit1), 840 MWe (Unit2) - Operation: Aug.,1974 Jan., Decommissioning: Nov., JFY 3

4 What is Nuclear Knowledge Management? (1/2) IAEA Safety Glossary (2007) : Knowledge Management = An integrated, systematic approach to identifying, managing and sharing an organization s knowledge and enabling groups of people to create new knowledge collectively to help in achieving the organization s objectives. + Info. In the context of management systems, knowledge management helps an organization to gain insight and understanding from its own experience. Specific activities in knowledge management help the organization to better acquire, record, store and utilize knowledge. Nuclear Knowledge Management (NKM) = Knowledge management in nuclear domain y-glossary.asp 4

5 What is Nuclear Knowledge Management? (2/2) Technology Processes People Organizational Context The organizational context for KM (IAEA TECDOC-1510) Research and Development DESIGN Conceptual Design Detail Design Construction Commissioning Operation and Maintenance Refurbishment Decommissioning Arrows indicate knowledge flow between Phases OPERATIONS & DECOMMISSIONING Knowledge transfer through the phases of a NPP life cycle (IAEA TECDOC-1510) Knowledge management focuses on People and organizational culture to stimulate and nurture the sharing and use of knowledge Processes or methods to find, create, capture and share knowledge Technology to store and make knowledge accessible Data, information and knowledge critical to the operation of a nuclear facility are generated from the initial phases across the facility s life cycle. Organization s focus and KM priorities may be quite different depending on where the NPP is the life cycle. Tacit knowledge is knowledge that is held in a person s mind and has typically not been captured or transferred in any form. 5

6 History of Nuclear Knowledge Management (NKM) 2002: IAEA has shown importance of NKM and recommended. 2004:IAEA reorganized a section for Nuclear Knowledge Management. 2004:NKM International Conference in Saclay, France 2005:Workshop in Trieste, in Italy 2006:Workshop in Tokyo, Japan 18 documents were issued. Education support has been implemented. E-learning systems were developed. OECD/NEA: Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) across Generations ( ) The discussion of KM for Decommissioning is necessary July 2014 :IAEA: Consultancy Meeting on Knowledge Management Issues in Decommissioning, Waste Management and Remediation of Nuclear Facilities in Karlsruhe, Germany 6

7 Knowledge Management for Decommissioning (1/2) 1. KM for decommissioning is necessary and important. A decommissioning project requires knowledge from previous phases. The knowledge should be transferred for generations. 2. Knowledge required for decommissioning is not the same as that for operational period. Knowledge of a facility derived from the previous phases is not always required. We should select necessary knowledge, information, data, records and skills for the decommissioning project. The knowledge from the previous phases might be used in different manner. 3. KM should be cost effective as well as decommissioning itself Perfect knowledge never exists. The limit should be recognized. If the knowledge is used only once, it may not be cost effective to collect and organize the knowledge. However it is valuable if the knowledge is reusable inside the project or a similar project. Some expertise exists also in the market. It should be considered. 7

8 Knowledge Management for Decommissioning (2/2) 4. How to utilize explicit knowledge Making appropriate records, rule making, systemization the process. Extracting meaningful information by analyzing data. Advanced information technology has possibility to enhance KM. 5. How to utilize tacit and implicit human knowledge Effective transfer of experiences and lessons learned is necessary. Key staff from the facility should be retained. Retiree s useful knowledge should be effectively externalized. Education for young generation is important. General knowledge is very useful not only for the specific plant but also for other decommissioning project. 6. Other matters Role of knowledge management is becoming more important after the Fukushima-Daiichi accident. The knowledge management of a plant after a severe accident should be treated differently. Knowledge about KM is very important. 8

9 Tacit Knowledge for Decommissioning Personal tacit knowledge underlies in the employees of the plant Knowledge about the facilities General knowledge regarding nuclear or plant technology Knowledge of Where to find, about something unknown. Knowledge of Who to ask, about something unknown. Know-how of countermeasures, when a trouble occurred. Wisdom based on the life experiences Some knowledge above is easily to be externalized (implicit knowledge) but some knowledge is difficult to be externalized and stays as tacit knowledge. Knowledge and know-how are not described in a easy way. The countermeasures in the trouble situation is by deep knowledge. It dose not exist at the present. Life experience are not understandable by others. Collective knowledge exists in the organization in some cases. 9

10 Integration of Knowledge Management System Other Decom. Facilities International R&D Results Design & Const. Data O&M Data Decom. Data Specific Decom. Facility Design & Const. Engineers O&M Engineers Decom. Engineers Systemized Info. Info. From Other Decom. Facilities Organized Info. of Decom. Systemized Info. Organized Plant Info Investigation Info. for Decom. Personnel Info (Explicit K.) Personal Experience (Tacit K.) Systemized Knowledge Technical Standards Legal System General Know-how and Knowledge Systemized Knowledge (1) Establishment of Knowledge Acquisition (Extraction & Systemization) Organized Explicit K. Externalized Tacit K. Decom. Plan Manuals (2) Formulation of Knowledge Acquisition (Interview & Story telling etc.) Know-How Doc. (3)Construction of KM Support System Sharing and Utilization of Knowledge (Practicing, Education, Transfer) Knowledge Still Tacit Transfer by Practicing 10

11 Explicit Knowledge : General Resources International Knowledge Sources IAEA Safety Standards and other technical documents Reports of OECD/NEA etc. Laws and Reports of other countries such as USNRC, USDOE, EU etc. International reports of academia, documents and books of experts. Other reports and documents of decommissioning implementers. Domestic Knowledge Sources Laws (Acts), Ordinances, Rules by regulatory authority Consensus Codes of academic societies etc. Various reports from the government, research organizations Academic reports, documents and books of experts. These valuable explicit knowledge should be referred and utilized timely by using information technology. 11

12 Explicit Knowledge : Resources of a Specific Plant Documents from construction and operation phase Licensing reports, Construction plan, Decommissioning Program, Clearance licensing report etc. Operational Safety Program Quality Assurance Program and subordinate documents Radiation Protection Program Decommissioning Management Manual Other Manuals in detail Records required by the rules and manuals mentioned above Data, information and systems in the plant Data and drawings from the documents above Data and information from design. Drawings such as Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) 3D-CAD data Maintenance Management System (Trouble data, Work data, Component Data Base etc.) Quality Management System (QMS) Other information data bases or support systems for decommissioning (Activity, Waste, Workload results etc.) These data, documents, information and systems should be well considered and maintained in the KMS. Examples of licensing documents An example of P&ID 12

13 How to acquire and transfer tacit knowledge? Necessary to externalize personal tacit knowledge as explicit knowledge as much as possible Documentation and systemization of knowledge, know-how Construction of knowledge management system based on the Quality Management System Management by advanced information technology such as CAD or Virtual Reality Enhancement of education system Knowledge acquisition by questionnaire or interview Expert profile data and Expertise list of employees and retirees as a know-who index Tacit knowledge transfer countermeasures which is difficult to be externalized Case studies or simulation for troubleshooting Making detailed history of the facility, even in it seems unnecessary facts, in case of the trouble Special OJT from retiree to employees System which employees can obtain advices from retirees. Periodical meeting with retirees such as a reunion 13

14 Knowledge Management Support System (Enhancement of knowledge application) Related information on the internet Much document information inside and outside Plant information related to decommissioning Systematization of information and knowledge Specify necessary information and knowledge for decommissioning Semi-automatic arrangement and extraction of information and knowledge based on taxonomy and ontology Provide of necessary information and knowledge at the appropriate timing 14

15 Knowledge Management Support System (Application of Social Networking Service) Information exchange by person to person level Existing QMS Tacit Tacit Enhancement of information sharing and knowledge acquisition Knowledge acquisition process (SECI Model) Tacit Socialization Sharing & creating tacit knowledge through direct experience Internalization Learning & acquiring new tacit knowledge in practice Tacit Externalization Articulating tacit knowledge through dialogue and reflection Combination Systemizing & applying explicit knowledge & information Explicit Explicit Enhancement of communication between employees by internal SNS Personal profile and expertise data Enhancement of daily communication Knowledge search such as Q&A system Extraction of useful knowledge Knowledge acquisition during the daily work Knowledge acquisition process based on the Quality Management System Explicit Explicit 15

16 Knowledge Management Support System (Knowledge Transfer and Education etc.) Transfer of knowledge from retirees to existing employees Questionnaire or interview to elderly employees Education in the office or field Study meeting or face to face education Support system by advanced technology Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality based on 3D-CAD Embedding of necessary data, information and knowledge in the virtual model Provision of knowledge of decommissioning planning and implementation when necessary Material: SUS316, High contamination, Dismantling experience in Germany 16

17 Concluding Remarks Planning policy of knowledge management system for decommissioning was shown Establishment of knowledge acquisition, Formulation of tacit knowledge acquisition and Construction of KM support system, 3 steps for integration Following examples of support systems will be useful Utilization on existing knowledge by taxonomy or ontology Tacit knowledge acquisition by application of SNS Construction of system based on the existing QMS Acquisition method of knowledge from experienced employees Method by advanced information technology such as VR and AR More concrete approaches of knowledge management should be planned for the safe, rational and long-term decommissioning 17

18 Thank you for your attention! 18