Presentation by István Szőke,

Transcription

1 Presentation by István Szőke, (from the Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary) Terje Johnsen, Michael Nicholas Louka, Tom-Robert Bryntesen, Joachim Bratteli, Svein Tore Edvardsen, Morten André Gustavsen, Aleksander Lygren Toppe, Grete Rindahl contact: Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway

2 Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) Nuclear Safety and Reliability Petroleum Technology Energy and Environment Nuclear Technology and Physics G. Randers, IFE s founder Human performance, human reliability and organisational factors Safety-MTO Man Technology Organisation Control room design & evaluation control room systems Human System Interfaces Future operations concepts & Integrated operations Virtual and augmented reality applications Safety critical software Host of the international (HRP) Continuous international (bilateral) collaboration with non HRP parties

3 The (OECD HRP) is an international collaborative research, affiliated to OECD NEA in Paris, operated by the Institute for Energy Technology, IFE. The Halden Agreement was signed in 1958 by OECD countries, (renewed every 3rd year). An Associated Party Agreement (APA) allows for multiple independent organizations in a country, or non-oecd countries, to participate. HRP is jointly funded by its members: utilities, vendors, licensing authorities and R&D centers, 19 countries, >100 nuclear organizations world wide. Main goal: Safe and Reliable Operation of Nuclear Power Plants HRP membership gives FREE access to: Data (e.g. LOCA-series, test fuel data bank) Research work reports (ca. 150 per 3 year period) Lessons learned reports (alarm systems, HRA methods) Concepts and Methods (e.g. innovative HSI solutions) Technology: Instruments Software Tools (IFE OECD HRP Radiological Tools) Computerized Operation Support / Condition Monitoring systems

4 Background Experience and testbed in human-centered technology Halden Planner 3D simulation technique for planning work (in nuclear environments). Halden Briefer 3D simulations technique for presenting work plans (in nucl. environments). Simulation Editor Virtual Reality based tool for interactive training (in nuclear environments). VRdose system 3D simulation technique for planning work and briefing (in nucl. environments). Customised versions of the VRdose (Andreeva Planner) In-situ rad. soft. Software for portable devices for data acquisition and analyses, and communication. GIS based wide scale radiological mapping Google Earth + Experience from human and organizational factors research

5 Nuclear decommissioning Nuclear decommissioning is becoming increasingly important, due to: nuclear installations reaching their end of lifecycle unfortunate events new builds eventually requiring decommissioning political decisions resulting in premature nuclear decommissioning Conditions and requirements differ! The main question is the same: How to optimize decommissioning (minimize time & costs, and maximize safety)?

6 Gathering and analyzing data

7 Radiological survey considerably contributes to overall costs of a decom. project! Insufficient/incorrect rad. survey has resulted in unexpected delays, costs and exposures! Optimize the number, location and type of additional samples and measurements required

8 Take advantage of all the data already available Data from earlier phases (pre-operation and operation) Modelling results (activation calculations, contamination dispersion & penetration estimates) Health issues Unreliability Costs Data from earlier decommissioning projects (if extrapolation is possible) New data already acquired

9 Preserve all relevant data from earlier phases Pre-operation (planning and construction) Initial site configuration, geological, geochemical, hydrogeological properties, radiation background Initial configuration of facility (foundation, subsurface media) Physical and chemical material properties (for shielding and activation calculations) Natural radioactivity, U, Th, 40 K, content Operation Online monitoring data (dose rates) Regular survey data (dose rates and surface contamination, radioactivity caught in the filters tramp uranium) Radiological information from maintenance resulting in any change to radiological conditions (reapplication of protective (painting) layers) Incidents involving contamination (spills, leakages, fuel element failure contamination in the primary circuit ) Data relevant for decom. Data relevant for decom. Transition Decommissioning (dismantling, decontamination, remediation)

10 Ensure good rad. data quality (minimize unacceptable data) Use an iterative approach based on a Data Quality Objective (DQO) process Integrate characterisation into other tasks Combine several types of measurement and sampling approaches Requires more effective solutions for: Registering, verifying (based on DQO) and analysing rad. data Planning and keeping track of sampling and measurement Statistical analyses of rad. data

11 Rad. data management in 3D 3D decommissioning database Data from earlier phases (pre-operation and operation) Modelling results (activation calculations, contamination dispersion & penetration estimates) Data filtration Stat. analyses (internal & export) Classification Contam./activity level + Status + DQ requirements + Time (schedule, actual) + Responsible + etc Data from earlier decommissioning projects (if extrapolation is possible) New data already acquired

12 In situ rad. data management in 3D

13 Insufficient/incorrect radiological characterization has resulted in incorrect estimation of resulting rad. waste, more rad. waste than anticipated, and incorrect estimation of the nature and extent of remedial actions required (decontamination, conditioning of activated material, segregation of waste) => Unexpected costs and delays!

14 Utilise innovative solutions for identification (type, isotopic composition, location and concentration, physical and chemical state) of contamination (in structures, systems, components and environmental media), quantification of activated materials and structures, identification and classification of radioactive materials (for supporting treatment, packaging, shipping and disposal)

15 Innovative solutions for rad. characterization Earlier possibilities for characterisation New possibilities (under development ) Filter objects by user def. criteria, i.e. classification.

16 Planning decom. activities

17 Suboptimal allocation of staff and resources leads to delays => Increased cost! Apply innovative solutions for allocating staff and resources timely and adequately taking into account constraints (rad. waste capacity, dose limits to workers, etc.)

18 Advanced planning of decommissioning The Scenario Composer, developed for the Oil and Gas industry. calculate resources needed and risks involved

19 Estimating risk to field operators from radiation and other harms is challenging due to the dynamicity of exposure conditions! Incorrect risk estimation and uninformed choice between remote-controlled and manual techniques results in unnecessary costs or unexpected health consequences! Apply novel solutions for dynamic (real-time) estimation of radiation (and other) risks associated with the sampling, measurements, decontamination and dismantling (in combination with traditional techniques, e.g. MC radiation transport for high accuracy calculations)

20 Dynamic estimation of risk associated with a user def. work scenario allows optimization of work scenarios in terms of safety and costs!

21 Insufficient/incorrect assessment of potential risks to the general public and the environment (associated with the planned decommissioning activities) and inadequate preparedness (e.g. public information in case of an accidental release) results in severe health and environmental consequences! Suboptimal decision about the end-state of the site (release with or without restriction, i.e. balance long-term liabilities vs. costs for decommissioning to green-field) may result in high excessive costs or severe health and env. consequences! Provide efficient (detailed but easy to understand) information (radiological, geological, etc.) to decision makers

22 GIS based wide scale dynamic mapping & monitoring Map types Gamma dose rates Beta dose rates Contamination Weather conditions Population data Risk projections Cost projections Contamination Water table Drinking water Ground surface Ground subsurface Dispersion projections Vegetation ABPM

23 Inefficient communication with regulators and advisors results in delays! Utilize advanced solutions for communication to advisors and regulators (authorities)

24 Training field operators

25 Conditions and tasks are different from those wonted during operation New skills may be required and skilled people may leave due to job insecurity => new people are hired => Field operators may have inadequate familiarity with the environment, and poor understanding of the tasks to be performed. This leads to delays and accidents! Train the workers well and cost efficiently for the new tasks (incl. preparation for possible mishaps) The opportunity of acquiring new skills may prevent fleeing of skilled people

26 3D simulation based briefing 3D collective 2D collective In-situ individual & remote 3D interactive

27 Virtual Reality (VR) based training: No presence in the real environment is required Safe No disturbance to normal operations Cost effective (cheaper than physical mock-ups) No limit to participates training in parallel Remote training is possible Automatic evaluation of the trainees performance Easily adoptable (modifiable) to alternative situations Intuitive visualization of dangers (risks) increases situation awareness

28 VR based interactive training with classic interaction (PC with mouse and keyboard)) and natural interaction with the system (VR environment).

29 Performing decom. activities

30 Poor communication between team members (in the field or in the CR) resulted in accidents and delays! Apply novel solutions for dynamic (real-time) communication (in combination with traditional techniques, e.g. radio com.)

31 Ensuring optimal (ALARA principle) protection of workers from radiation and other harms is demanding! Monitoring risk to field operators is challenging due to the dynamicity of exposure conditions, likelihood of unexpected situations, and strong dependence of the risks to a field operator on the actions of other members of the team. Communicating dynamic 3D risk information to the field operators is challenging Apply novel solutions for dynamic (real-time) monitoring and communication of radiation (and other) risks 31

32 Advanced monitoring from the CR Personal doses (dose charts) Risk distribution based on measured ambient doses and estimates Other radiological measurements (rad. characterisation) Current worker activities and worker positions Current state of the environment (shields, sources) Unexpected situations (location + text, drawing, photo), etc. from field ops., database, fixed measuring devices, etc.

33 Real-time risk monitoring in 3D More real-time radiological information, less nuclear safety information in the CR! Team 2: Waiting Team 2: Waiting Team 1: Opening reaktor lid Team 1: Opening reaktor lid

34 3D information Advanced field team information Radiological and other measurements (available and requested from the CR) List of tasks, their status and worker assignments (updatable) Current worker activities and worker positions (updatable) Unexpected situations (location + text, drawings, photos) Warnings (indications of dangers and risk maps) Locations spec. information, e.g. photo (available and requested from the CR) Etc

35 Real-time risk information to field ops. Team 2: Waiting Warnings to field operators (maps of risk distribution) Positions of teams working in parallel Etc Team 1: Opening reaktor lid

36 Passing on experience

37 Efficient preservation and communication of knowledge & experience would lower costs and chance of accidents! Bad public opinion generated political decisions resulting in premature nuclear decommissioning!

38 Advanced solutions for knowledge preservation education, and communication to the media (the public)

39 Advanced human-centred technologies greatly enhance efficiency and safety during decommissioning Transition Planning final removal of operational waste Survey of historical data Planning additional rad. surveys (sampling and measurements) Managing and analyzing survey and activation calculation data Initial worker safety assessments and protection design Environmental impact assessments Designing final decommissioning plans General timing of work and resource allocation Detailed planning of specific work tasks Communication (to authorities, advisors and to the public) Training of workers for decommissioning tasks Decommissioning (dismantling, decontamination, remediation) Communication (field operators, the control room) New radiological surveys Update worker safety assessments and protection Update decommissioning plans (general timetables and detailed work tasks) Waste classification (dose based clearance and release) Final survey of end state (subsurface contamination) Support development of long term safety assessment / monitoring strategy Support regulator s confirmatory survey

40 and throughout the whole lifecycle. Pre-operation (planning and construction) Preserve data for decom. (rad. background, site config., material properties, nat. radioactivity, etc ) Initial decommissioning plansinitial work plans for operation (maintenance, outage) + Initial work plans for operation (maintenance, outage) + Adjust design for optimal worker safety + Train workers even before operation starts + Planning emergency preparedness system, etc Operation Preserve data for decom. (online monitoring and regular survey data, rad. data about incidents, etc ) Preliminary decommissioning plans (with cost estimates) + Planning and training for maintenance and outage work + Planning radiological surveys + Environmental surveillance (the installation and the surroundings, on-line and off-line) + Registering and analysing radiological data from regular surveys and after incidents + Implementing an efficient emergency preparedness system + Communication (field teams CR, advisors, regulators,..), etc

41 Experience from earlier projects facilitating later decom.! Pre-operation (planning and construction) Information relevant for later phases! Operation Information relevant for later phases! Transition Information relevant for later phases! Decommissioning (dismantling, decontamination, remediation) site release

42 Experience from R&D of technologies Realistic 3D simulation of work procedures Real-time 3D risk analyses Advanced visualization of complex 3D data Virtual Reality based training New technology for registration of data (in 3D environments) Innovative tools for communication (CR, field teams, regulators, advisors, the public) Advanced tools for scheduling work tasks and monitoring progress Prompt and easy to understand environmental impact assessments and human and organizational research enables IFE to address issues of the nuclear industry from a general perspective instead of tacking individual features of the problems without considering all associated aspects contributing the failures of inefficiencies.

43 Thank you