History of the Industry and Emerging Technologies

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1 History of the Industry and Emerging Technologies Phaneendra Kondapi Director of Engineering Programs University of Houston Oil & Gas 101 Baker Hughes, A GE Company October 11, 2017

2 From Pennsylvania to 1865

3 To the Desert..

4 to the Offshore 4

5 to the Arctic

6 Pennsylvania Oil Business Colonel 1865 Drake, 1859

7 Baku Oil Field 1883 Baku in 2010 Colonel Drake, 1859

8 Corsicana (TX-1894)

9 Spindletop (Beaumont, TX,1901) Beaumont, TX, Jan 10,

10 Rockefeller's Vision

11 Life of Rockefeller Source: Economides and Oligney Color of Oil

12 Kilgore (TX-1930)

13 Texas Railroad Commission Gov. James Hogg Ima Hogg

14 Standard Oil 1980s 1980s

15 Royal Dutch Shell, 1890 Marcus Samuel Henri Deterding

16 British Petroleum William Knox D Arcy Source: C.J. Campbell, The Coming Oil Crisis, l

17 Saudi Arabia Ghawar Field J. Paul Getty and King Abdulaziz

18 The Seven Sisters Standard Oil of New Jersey Esso Exxon (1972) ExxonMobil (1999) Anglo-Dutch Anglo-Dutch Royal Dutch Shell (1907) Anglo-Persian Oil Company APOC British Petroleum (1909) BP (2000) Standard Oil of New York Mobil ExxonMobil (1999) Standard Oil of California Socal Chevron (1977) Gulf Oil Gulf Oil Chevron (1984) Texaco Texaco Chevron (2001)

19 The One Time Standard Oil 1990s 1990s Gulf Oil merger in 1984 Texaco merger in 2001 Purchased by Royal Dutch Shell, 2002 Now ExxonMobil Now ConocoPhillips (2002) Spun off US Steel in 2002

20 Supermajors of Today The so-called "supermajor" oil companies are: ExxonMobil (XOM) Royal Dutch Shell (RDS) BP (BP) Chevron Corporation (CVX) Total S.A. (TOT)

21 Top 10 Oil & Gas Cos. in USA

22 "Independent" Oil Companies A list of U.S. "independent" oil companies includes:

23 National Oil Companies

24 Let s Go a Little Deep!!!

25 Current State of the Art Ultra Deepwater Longer Offsets/tie-backs Arctic Environment HP/HT Fields Heavy Oil Low Energy Subsea Processing

26 Subsea Engineering Technologies 1. Thermal Insulation 2. Direct Electric Heating (DEH) 3. Electrically Heated Pipe-In-Pipe 4. Cold Flow 5. Phase Changing Materials 6. Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (TDI) 7. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHI) 8. Defoamers 9. Asphaltene Inhibitors 10. Paraffin Inhibitors 11. Scale Inhibitors 12. H2S Scavengers 13. Demulsifiers 14. Drag Reducing Agents 15. Real-Time Flow Assurance Software 16. Subsea Separation 17. Subsea Boosting 18. Subsea Compression 19. Subsea Coolers 20. Pipe-In-Pipe 21. Bundles 22. Coiled-Tubing Tractor 23. Desander 24. Erosion Probe 25. ASD - Acoustic Sand Detector 26. Acoustic Leak Detection 27. Dead Oil / Hot Oil Flushing 28. Pigging 29. Depressurization 30. Gas Sweeping

27 Subsea Solution Types Hardware Chemical Operating Thermal Solution Types Software

28 Thermal Solutions 1. Thermal Insulation 2. Direct Electric Heating (DEH) 3. Electrically Heated Pipe-In-Pipe 4. Cold Flow 5. Phase Changing Materials Cold Flow Source: SINTEF Thermal Insulation Source: FMC Technologies

29 Chemical Solutions 1. Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (TDI) 2. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHI) 3. Defoamers 4. Asphaltene Inhibitors 5. Paraffin Inhibitors 6. Scale Inhibitors 7. H2S Scavengers 8. Demulsifiers 9. Drag Reducing Agents Inhibitors Source: FMC Technologies

Hardware Solutions 1. Subsea Separation 2.

Erosion Probe 10. ASD - Acoustic Sand Detector 11.

30 Hardware Solutions 1. Subsea Separation 2. Subsea Boosting 3. Subsea Compression 4. Subsea Coolers 5. Pipe-In-Pipe 6. Bundles 7. Coiled-Tubing Tractor 8. Desander 9. Erosion Probe 10. ASD - Acoustic Sand Detector 11. Acoustic Leak Detection Subsea Boosting Subsea Compression Subsea Separation Source: FMC Technologies

31 Operating Solutions 1. Dead Oil / Hot Oil Flushing 2. Pigging 3. Depressurization 4. Gas Sweeping

32 Software Solutions 1. Real-Time Software a. Virtual Metering b. Integrity Performance Monitoring Real-Time Monitoring Source: FMC Technologies

33 Maturity Levels Aging Matured Emerging Embryonic

Maturity Summary Matured Technology areas: Most of Chemical solutions Most of Operating solutions Some of Thermal solutions Some of Hardware solutions Key Technology areas at

34 Maturity Summary Matured Technology areas: Most of Chemical solutions Most of Operating solutions Some of Thermal solutions Some of Hardware solutions Key Technology areas at emerging stage: Subsea Separation Subsea Coolers Subsea Compression Real-time Monitoring Key Technology areas at embryonic stage: Cold Flow Subsea Separator Source: FMC Technologies

The Cost Effective Future All Subsea/Subsea Factory Analyzing the technology gaps Power, Fiber Optics, Materials Improving the qualification testing processes Extensive testing under

35 The Cost Effective Future All Subsea/Subsea Factory Analyzing the technology gaps Power, Fiber Optics, Materials Improving the qualification testing processes Extensive testing under broader applications Developing new environmental friendly solutions Focusing on the application development Optimizing product performance Making solutions that are based on onshore applications

37 Thank you! Contact/Feedback Information: Phaneendra Kondapi, PhD Founding Director, Engineering Programs Director, Subsea Engineering Professor, Subsea Engineering Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston, TX, USA

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