Subsea Pipeline Design & Analysis

Transcription

1 Subsea Pipeline Design & Analysis Introduction Third Edition March, 2017 J.Koto, A.K. Junaidi Published By Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia

2 Subsea Pipeline Design & Analysis Introduction Third Edition J. Koto, A.K. Junaidi Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia

3 Subsea Pipeline Design & Analysis Introduction Authors : J. Koto A. K. Junaidi ISBN : Editor : Jaswar Koto Book No: Publisher : Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute (OcARI), Indonesia Resty Menara Group, Jl. Sisingamangaraja 102, Rintis, LimaPuluh, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28156, INDONESIA Telp/Fax : All rights reserved Reproduction of this work in any form and by any means without the written permission of the publisher is prohibited

4 Acknowledgements Alhamdulillahhirobbilalamin, first and foremost, all praises and syukur are only to Allah (S.W.T) to give us strength and ability to complete this book. We would like to take this opportunity to express our highest appreciation to our colleagues and friends in the Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Indonesia to provide proper guidance, full support, encouragement, invaluable ideas, comment, recommendation, critics, suggestions and advice that to assist us for the successful completion of this book. To our families that always pray for our successful, all this things cannot pay for all what they all have done. Our special thanks are also to our postgraduate students at Mechanical-Offshore Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Above this all, our highest praises, thanks and syukur to Almighty Allah Subhanahu Wa Talla, the most gracious the most merciful, who gave us the knowledge, courage and patience to accomplish this project. May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. The authors are grateful to all friends, institutions and parties for supporting this book. Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Acknowledgements 2

5 Table of Contents Preface... 1 Acknowledgements... 2 Table of Contents... 3 List of Figures... 8 List of Tables Field Development Offshore Field Development Subsea System Layout Subsea Pipeline Offshore Structures Topside Processing System Flow Assurance Flow Assurance Challenges Flow Assurance Concerns Typical Flow Assurance Process Design Requirements and Analysis Introduction Design Parameters Optimum Design Process Design Requirement Analysis Process Design Analysis Subsea Pipeline Design Introduction Standard Codes Practiced Design Route Selection Safest Route Shortest Route Easy Installation Minimum Cost Sustainability and Environmental friendly Factors Considered in Route Selection Pipeline Material Grade Selection Pipeline Diameter Selection Pipeline Wall Thickness Selection Wall Thickness Allowance Pipeline Expansion Temperature Profile Hoop Stress Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Table of Contents 3

6 Longitudinal Stress Combined Stress Thermal Strain Pressure Strain Combined Strain Safety Margin of Pipeline Wall Thickness Burst Pressure Design External Pressure Collapse Pressure Design Euler Buckling Theory Lateral Buckling Analysis Free Span of Pipeline Buckle Arrestors Subsea Pipeline Installation Introduction Pull & Tow System Laying by Lay Vessel Laying by Reel Ship Subsea Pipeline Flow Assurance Flow Assurance Flow Assurance Challenges Flow Assurance Concerns Typical Flow Assurance Process Fluid Characterization and Property Assessments Steady-State Hydraulic and Thermal Performance Analyses Transient Flow Hydraulic and Thermal Performances Analyses System Design and Operability Subsea Pipeline Corrosion and Protection Introduction Pipeline Internal Corrosion Sweet Corrosion: Carbon Dioxide () Sour Corrosion: Hydrogen Sulfide (HS) Internal Coatings Internal Corrosion Inhibitors Pipeline External Corrosion Fundamentals of Cathodic Protection External Coatings Scales Oil Field Scales Operational Problems Due to Scales Scale Management Options Scale Inhibitors Scale Control in Subsea Field Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Table of Contents 4

7 6.5. Subsea Pipeline Protection Trenching and Burying Rock-dumping Mattress Concrete Cover Subsea Pipeline Maintenance Preventive maintenance Routine maintenance Corrective Maintenance Code Requirements DNV OS-F Inspection Strategy and Methods Deep-water Pig Inspection Deep-water ROV Inspection AUV based Inspection Risk Assessment Pipeline Pigging Pigging Technology Type of Pigging Medgaz Gas, Algeria-Spain Medgaz Gas Transmission Project Field Description Design Parameters Burst and Collapse Pressure Analysis Safety Margin of Wall Thickness Analysis Shallow Water Deep Water Ultra-deep Water Finite Element Analysis Geometry and Meshing Load and Boundary Condition Behavior of Pipeline without Coating Behavior of Pipeline with Coating Thickness 45 mm Behavior of Pipeline with Coating Thickness 80 mm Model of Pipeline Buckling in ANSYS Workbench Buckling Configuration of Hobbs Method Non Linear Analysis of ANSYS Nosong-Bongawan, Malaysia Nosong-Bongawan Field Field Description Nosong Field Development Standard and Specifications Subsea Pipeline Analysis Pipeline Design Parameter Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Table of Contents 5

8 Pipeline Material and Steel Properties Subsea Strength Analysis Pipeline Design Parameter Buckling Analysis Kikeh, Malaysia Kikeh Field Malaysian Offshore Deep Water Challenges Pipe Wall Thickness Design Criteria Material Selection and Wall Thickness Design Design Criteria Design Limit States, Classes and Load Effect Factor Kikeh Field Development Subsea Pipeline Design and Analysis Failure Mode and Wall Thickness Design Analysis Material Grade Effect Analysis Subsea Pipeline Stress Analysis Gumusut-Kakap, Malaysia Sedimentary Malaysia Basins East Malaysia Oil and Gas Reservoir Challenges of East Malaysian Deep Water Complicated Seabed Relief Long Thin Fields Long Distance Tiebacks: Gumusut-Kakap Field Development Subsae Flowlines Subsea Tree Systems Flowlines of Gumusut-Kakap Field Design Parameters Safety Margin Theory Results and Discussion Roncador, Brazil Introduction Field Development Roncador Subsea System Pipeline Design Pipeline for Production Pipeline for Gas Lift Finite Element Analysis Load and boundary conditions Equivalent stress, strain and buckling for production pipeline Equivalent stress, strain and buckling for gas pipeline References Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Table of Contents 6

9 Appendixes Autobiographies Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia 7

10 Autobiographies Jaswar Koto was born on October, He is a descendant of the Prophet Rasullullah S.A.W through Husein R.A. He is a president of Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia and Professor on offshore engineering. He is also president of International Society of Ocean, Mechanical & Aerospace for scientist and engineers. He has been invited as a Visiting Professor more than 16 times, received several international awards and supervised PhD, Master and Bachelor Students. He received his bachelor degree in 1994 from Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Indonesia, further studies on marine in Curtin University of Technology and business in Notre Dame University. In 2003, he has completed his PhD and also received Excellence Academic Award for doctor degree in engineering form Aerospace and Marine Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan. He has started his researches since 1994 on structure analysis of fluid flow in subsea pipelines, subsea pipeline corrosion due to Carbon Monoxide, design and hydrodynamic analysis of AUV in Australia. Then, he joined Research and Development Institute, Sumitomo Heavy Industries -Marine Engineering-, Japan. In 2005, he joined ExxonMobil LNG Engineering Plan for Middle East projects. Since 2010, he has a contract with Department of Aeronautical, Automotive, and Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. He also appointed as head of High Performance Computing, CICT, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Autobiographies 254

11 Abdul Khair Junaidi was born on September, He is a senior researcher at Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia. He received his bachelor degree in 2010 from Institute of Technology Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. In 2016 he has completed his Master of Philosophy form Department of Aeronautical, Automotive and Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. In 2011, he jointed PT Transportasi Gas Indonesia (TGI) for pipeline repair and maintenance. Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Autobiographies 255

12 Supported by Published by Ocean & Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia Pekanbaru-Riau, INDONESIA International Society of Ocean, Mechanical & Aerospace - scientists & engineers D/A: Resty Menara Hotel Jalan Sisingamangaraja No. 89 (28282), Pekanbaru-Riau INDONESIA Edited by Mechanical-Offshore Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MALAYSIA Deep Water & Offshore Indonesian Oil and Gas Community, INDONESIA