DEMO work in future. Association Euratom-Tekes. Leena Aho-Mantila VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Euratom-TEKES Annual Seminar 2013

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Stanley Marsh
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1 DEMO work in future Leena Aho-Mantila VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Visiting researcher at IPP Garching from Jan 2012 Euratom-TEKES Annual Seminar 2013

2 A few notes 2 The following presents a general outline of the European plan for DEMO development I m a physicist working on the problem of power exhaust in a fusion power plant (not an engineer / project coordinator) The presentation does not necessarily reflect the views of EC, EFDA PPP&T or IPP Most of the material is taken from the following sources: Fusion Roadmap (incl. the associated meeting and presentations given in Garching a lot of material from G. Federici) 1st IAEA DEMO Workshop EFDA PPP&T department

Beginning of construction early 2030s Start of operation early

3 3 DEMO = demonstration fusion power plant (FPP) ITER? DEMO? A single step between ITER and FPP?? Commercial FPP Construction by 2020 Operation Beginning of construction early 2030s Start of operation early 2040s Demonstration of fusion electricity by 2050

4 4 General goals of the DEMO project From the Fusion Roadmap 1. Produce net electricity for the grid at the level of a few hundred MWs 2. Breed the amount of tritium needed to close its fuel cycle 3. Demonstrate all the technologies for the construction of a commercial FPP, including an adequate level of availability Demonstration of fusion electricity by 2050 can be achieved, if ITER achieves its goals (according to the schedule) A pragmatic approach to DEMO is chosen Innovation is supported to solve the more critical issues (Roadmap missions)

5 5 ITER vs. DEMO in a nutshell ITER aims to demonstrate: Robust burning plasma regimes Engineering feasibility of plasma support systems (superconducting magnets, fueling, heating/cd) Test of the conventional physics solution for power exhaust* Only DEMO will address fusion nuclear technology Most components inside the vacuum vessel of ITER are not DEMO relevant (materials, design) DEMO will largely build on the ITER experience, but in addition DEMO will breed its own fusion fuel tritium (ITER TBM) DEMO will need materials suitable for the reactor neutron fluxes *If the baseline strategy cannot be extrapolated to DEMO, a delay in programme by years can be expected An aggressive programme on alternative divertor solutions is being addressed in parallel (DTT)

6 6 Timeline for DEMO development : Pre-conceptual design PPP&T department of EFDA (head: G. Federici) : Design and R&D CDA Horizon : Design and R&D EDA ITER operation : Construction >: Operation Early DEMO - engineering design should benefit from the knowledge obtained during the construction of ITER CDA = Concept Design & Analysis EDA = Engineering Design & Analysis

7 7 Pragmatic approach for DEMO To design DEMO on the basis of the ultimate technical solutions in each area would postpone the realisation of fusion indefinitely DEMO will have to rely on simple and robust technical solutions well established and reliable regimes of operation (ITER) materials adequate for the expected level of neutron fluence DEMO will play the role of a component test facility for a FPP

8 8 Innovation required on critical areas Power exhaust and divertor strategy Diagnostics Reliability of core components & RH for high machine availability Roadmap missions M1. Plasma operation M2. Heat exhaust M3. Materials M4. Tritium breeding M5. Safety M6. DEMO M7. Low cost M8. Stellarator Power extraction / Blanket technology Qualification of resilient materials Safety & Licensing H&CD systems Innovative work will be promoted in both industry and research laboratories

9 9 Industry should be heavily involved in DEMO activities A major change of emphasis in EFDA work Overall, the EU research programme should change from being science-driven, laboratory based towards being industry- and technology-driven DEMO cannot be defined and designed by research laboratories alone, but requires the full involvement of industry in all technological and systems aspects of the design Industry must be able to take full responsibility for the commercial FPP after successful DEMO operation

10 10 Specific areas where industry involvement is considered critical are: Technical solution for the largest DEMO components with the lowest cost and simplest manufacturing (e.g. magnet simplification); standardisation of parts Balance of plant design and integration Materials development must include strong emphasis on the industrialisation of the candidate materials High level of component reliability, maintainability, inspectability for DEMO Definition, together with the research laboratories, of the priorities in the technology development Development of codes and standards

11 11 PPP&T coordinates DEMO R&D until 2014 SYS system code activities SERF socio economic research on fusion PEX power exhaust physics integration activities PPP&T (G. Federici) MAT materials R&D and engineering database DTM design tools and methodologies DAS design assessment studies

12 Horizon 2020: Conceptual Design and Analysis W7X construction and operation takes about 50% of resources for DEMO CDA DTT: R&D 2014-2016, construction 2017-2021 Early neutron source + materials

12 12 Horizon 2020: Conceptual Design and Analysis W7X construction and operation takes about 50% of resources for DEMO CDA DTT: R&D , construction Early neutron source + materials studies Technology projects (magnets, heating & CD, vacuum pumps, RH), 20 ppy/y industrial involvement Resources / Horizon 2020 ~2019: 2 nd Roadmap review to assess the outcome of DEMO CDA Are we ready for DEMO EDA? Full acceptance of the proposal by utilities and vendors needed Is a test of the blanket module different from ITER TBM needed?

13 13 Summary DEMO design and schedule rely on the success of ITER The engineering know-how accumulated during the ITER construction phase must be maintained until the start of DEMO EDA => Early DEMO Reference plasma scenario based on ITER operation experience Modest targeted investments in Horizon 2020 Assessment of alternative concepts to ITER (stellarator DEMO, advanced divertor design) Decisions on DTT, materials test facilities Research on critical areas according to the Roadmap missions Technology projects Industry will take main responsibility of DEMO design after 2020 Involvement in Horizon 2020 likely to be beneficial for obtaining contracts for DEMO EDA?

A roadmap to the realization of fusion energy

A roadmap to the realization of fusion energy Francesco Romanelli European Fusion Development Agreement Acknowledgments: P. Barabaschi,, D. Borba, G. Federici, L. Horton, R. Neu, D. Stork, H. Zohm Why