BIM and Urban Infrastructure

Transcription

1 BIM and Urban Infrastructure Vishal Singh Assistant Professor Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Aalto University 14 th September 2015

2 Learning objectives Describe the underlying concepts in BIM Examine the context of BIM development, both as a tool and as a process Examine the relevance and benefits of BIM in design and planning of urban infrastructure

3 BIM

4 BIM-Construction

5 BIM and Urban Infrastructure

6 BIM: Key aspects Paradigm shift industry transformation Intelligent information management Object-oriented model Virtual prototyping Integration Collaboration New ways of working IPD Formalizing/representing domain knowledge Managing information, processes and people

7 Benefits of BIM: Common claims Visualization Clash detection Intelligent documentation Performance analysis Cost Schedule Energy Project collaboration Lifecycle management

8 Design Effort/ Effect

9 BIM - Analysis, Coordination Further processing the BIM data in third party applications allows a wide range of analytical activities: Code checking (collision detection) Energy efficiency analysis Structural analysis Code checking Structural analysis Energy analysis Cost estimation BIM MODEL Facility management HVAC Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

10 Clash Detection Conventional methods are time consuming and error-prone. Internal or external clash detection softwares Design risks and construction costs can be reduced Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

11 Documentation Automated Linked Access and maintenance Copying and archiving History/ tracking Defaults Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

12 Interactive Schedule Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

13 Modeling practices Different disciplines adopt different modeling concepts Architect s model Engineer s model Architect s model Engineer s model Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

14 5D- Approach Recipe Methods Resources / / Zones/Floors + = Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

15 Fabrication BIM Model CNC Machine CAM Software On-site construction Factory Made Building Elements Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

16 Source:

17 Source: Slides from an Autodesk presentation

18 Source: Slides from an Autodesk presentation

19 Source: Slides from an Autodesk presentation

20 Source: Slides from an Autodesk presentation

21 Design and visualization

22 Source:

23 BIM Definition A Building Information Model is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of the Project which term may be used to describe a Model element, a single Model or multiple Models used in the aggregate. Building Information Modelling means the process and technology used to create the Model. American Institute of Architects (2008)

24 Modes of representation in CAD Drawings, dimensions, legends, renders, images, models, reports Geometric/ non-geometric Graphical/ textual Conventions How to read drawings? How to document data? How to map different data to make sense!

25 AEC CAD Timeline Experimental CAD in research Commercial CAD on mainframes and workstations Commercial CAD on personal computers Commercial 3D CAD BIM 4D-5D CAD Hand Drafting 2D CAD 3D CAD BIM 4-5D CAD Source:

26 3D CAD progression 3D visualization Parametric, but not object oriented From visualization to objectification Source: Eastman et al. (2008)

27 Object-oriented CAD Virtual model replacing symbolism Object instances with properties Objects with attributes Associations and relationships Creates a database for information management Source: Eastman et al. (2008)

28

29 Source: ArchiCAD tutorials, Graphisoft

30 What is desired in a representation? Efficiency Should be clear/ disambiguous/ distinct Reduce effort, volume, cost, time... Ease (skill wise) Comprehensive (complete) Common ground across context and groups! How? Abstraction as close an approximation to the real!

31 What is desired in a representation? Have you ever shot a bear? Symbolic Virtual

32 Integrating CAD and IM capabilities Objects have embedded information: Allows for inbuilt intelligent checks and constraints Knowledge explication is important... What to check? How to map data and process information? Attributes, which ones to include? Need for standards... Other set of conventions!

33 Information management basics What data to seek? How to put to make sense? Knowledge Information Knowhow of how to process Information... Analyse, Learn, create new information Data Adding context to data/ Mapping relevant data to make sense

34 Seat? Paper weight? Analysis? Cost? Weight? Dimension, Material Cube Top view Front view Side view

35 Many City Planning tools 3D city modelling City design analysis Sustainability analysis Liveability / Quality of life analysis Movement engineering and street design analysis Viability modelling and analysis Outputs URL:

36 3D GIS

37 Common Generative Design Techniques Agent based modelling Cellular automata Design grammars Shape grammars L-systems Genetic algorithms Not new, but increasing relevance and potential in design, urban design!

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39 Design Grammar- Examples Source: Source:

40 Mixed Algorithm

41 GA-Example Source:

42 Development approach Feedback loop Validate Real data Theorize Hypotheses Testable Model Calibrate model check Fit and usefulness in practice Simulation data

43 Emerging linked data in AEC Building and Construction Materials Building Policies Geographic data Energy Performance of Buildings

44 Opportunities ahead Analytics and information management Tracking Crowdsourcing Internet of things Digital infrastructure

45 Changing capability Google Knowledge Graph Data (W3C) Linked Schema.org FreeBase W3C vocabularies

46 Examples of interesting developments Track trash (MIT) London hire (UCL) Isochronic France (MIT) InfraBIM UrbanIT

47 Beyond technology: Aspects to consider Source: Singh et al 2009 (

48 Competence & Technology Tool users/ Tool builders Augment or inhibit capabilities Tools evolve CPD Tools of the trade Domain knowledge

49 RYM PRE Building process reengineering PRE Boosting other industries End users individual and organizational behavioral change Customer interface and value network Business models Technology NewWoW ModelNova BIMCity BIMCON InfraFINBIM DRUM Industry renewal Business models Decision making Process reengineering Information management Information structure

50 Recap: BIM and CAD trends Not one, but many applications Symbolism to virtualization Parameteric Big data Laser scanning cloud data reverse engineering Photogrammetry Scale: Integration with GIS, LandXML, Fabrication- 3D printing Big room and knot-working

51 Recap: advantages Faster: Ability to check wide range of alternatives Robust: Changes in one parameter or elements are automatically transmitted to related elements Scalable: Manage complexity emerging from simple rules and interactions Possible to perform various analyses and operations Knowledge management: Explication of knowledge Ability to track history capture design rationale!

52 Recap: Factors to consider Purpose Level of detail Information management What, when, how much? Information quality, accuracy, History, what to archive what not! How to make sense? Protocols and processes Version management, etc

53 Food for thought! From BIM and CAD point of view, what are the similarities and differences between building lifecycle (design to demolition) and the lifecycle of urban infrastructure?

54 Aalto BIM Initiative BIM and design for X Safety, usability BIMforLean (FIDIPro project) BIM and lean construction, Field Computing, Design management and collaboration, and project delivery BIM ecosystem Macro ecosystem (Market dynamics, policies, regulations, trends) Micro ecosystem (Project, Organization and stakeholder management) BIM for FM Operations management, services, maintenance BIM and Internet of Things Monitoring and control, energy management, tracking

55 Suggested Readings

56 Suggested Readings Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R. and Liston, K. (2008) BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Singh, V, Gu, N, Taylor, C, London, K and Brankovic, L: 2009, Collaboration platform, Gu, N, Singh, V and London, K (2014) BIM Ecosystem: The Coevolution of Products, Processes, and People, (in) Building Information Modeling: BIM in Current and Future Practice. Ed. Kensek, K and Noble, D, pp

57 Online resources ArchiCAD BIM Lectures Check websites of different BIM product vendors such as AECbytes newsletter ( ) Digital Building Lab, GeorgiaTech,

58 Thank You