Open Source Information for Transparency Building Launch of an Online Information Tool. The BWPP BioWeapons Monitor 2.0
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1 Open Source Information for Transparency Building Launch of an Online Information Tool The BWPP BioWeapons Monitor 2.0 Funded by: 8th Review Conference of the BWC 9 November 2016, Geneva Gunnar Jeremias, Mirko Himmel, Jakob Hersch
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3 Transparency/Knowledge as Main Sources for Confidence in Compliance Status Quo: Compliance behaviour as known unknown in the BWC regime. Information gathering indispensable for the strengthening of any regime: No confidence without knowledge. With the absence of an official mechanism to monitor BW relevant activities (past offensive and current defensive programmes), Relevant scientific and technological infrastructure, Technical and other cooperation under article X. the question is, how transparency building can be facilitated for the BWC regime.
4 3 ways for the gathering of compliance relevant information Actors Means for information gathering Distribution of information International Organisations Defined by States Parties Among Member States States Intel. including OSI & NTMs Unilateral NGOs OSI Transnational/general public Use of OSI OSINT!
5 Use of Open Source Information Multilteral regimes using OSI in monitoring compliance: NPT, INCB, Enviromental treaties, Civil society using OSI: Environmental Groups, investigative journalism, Land Mines and Clustermunition ICBL & CMC: quasi verification by an NGO. Elliot Higgins and others: geo-locating of places of the Arab Spring, Ukraine, Syria etc. (
6 Data quality of OSI? Potential to gather OSI increased due to revolutions in IT and reconnaissance technology: Big Data, Completeness? The Big Data Universe is almost infinite: Databases fed from there will by principle never be complete. Need to structure and aggregate information Correctness? Not necessarily better or worse than information from other sources, General rules for information cross-checks information must be applied, Certain sources considered trustworthy without further research (e.g. product lists of companies, etc.); others, such as unproved rumors about offensive BW programmes, will not find entry into the database.
7 Aims of independent monitoring Proof of non-compliance NOT among primary goals, The function of public transparency building is to enable an informed debate, This explicitly includes article X related information, Enable actors to ask qualified questions, Relevant information will be recognised and likely cause reactions.
8 Challenges Biological arms control is preventive: Oversight includes identifying and investigating civil facilities, commercial activities, education, and other R&D activities Biotechnology is still rapidly developing geographically, technically, and economically, Wide-spread dual-use characteristic of agents, methods, technology, knowledge, etc., Availability of equipment on the market. Big Data needs aggregation and visualisation, How to structure information?
9 Towards a public integrated approach What to integrate and where? Areas of interest: What sorts of information do we consider relevant? Signatures: What parameter-value do we consider conspicuous? Standardised query: A central, open web-based tool to be fed with checked information represented as unified data sets in a transparent and reproducible manner
10 Possible activities in violation of the BTWC: Research on pathogens & toxins [ for non-peaceful purposes] Development of BW & delivery systems [for non-peaceful purposes] Field testing [of BW agents, delivery and dissemination] Production [of BW agents & bioweapons at large-scale] Transport and storage [of bioweapons] Training [troops, civil protection services] Source: The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare - Vol. V (SIPRI, 1973); modified. Detectable footprint in the open source data universe?
11 Off-site measurements: Big Data: Sources of Compliance Relevant Information (BWC) Environmental samples Official documents Epidemiological Information (real-time, global) Patents Biotechnical facilities and capacities (companie s websites ) Yellow Pages) Historical offensive BW-programmes/ongoing biodefence programmes Scientific Publications (PubMed etc.) Social media Satellite imagery Relevant trade data
12 Starting point Commercial Biotechnology Starting point Imagery Near-site sampling Off-site sampling Remote Sensing (Bio-)Technologies Disease Monitoring BSL Labs Enabeling technologies Research & Development Starting point Global Information S&T Literature Trade monitoring Social media Starting point Scientific literature Meeting reports Technical documentation Starting point
13 Standardised Query - any point can be starting point. Imports Vaccines production Exports Yeasts, Encymes, Bt pesticides, tbc? Patents Dualuse trade Products Researech & Production Facilities Commercial Biotech Countryspecific information Context information Unusual outbreaks Social media Exhaust gas Soil Environmental signatures Water Large Scale Labs etc. Process technol ogy Univers ities Codes of Conduct Biotech. Research facilities Networks of scientists Public R&D Education Biotech. Study programmes Bio Prepare dness State activities Bio Defense Legisla tion Past BW Programm es Active transpa rency measur es Treaty and regime members hips Peer Review Activities (e.g. France) BWC Meeting Participation, working papers etc. CBMs Reports/ documents of Internat. Orgs.
14 Commercial Activities Imports Agriculture Patents: what is being developed for commercial use? Bio-pharma products: products, production facilities,? Relevant agriculture: e.g. castor beans? Exhaust gas Soil Vaccines production Environmental signatures Water Exports Yeasts, Encymes, Bt pesticides, tbc? Patents Dualuse trade Products Research & Production Facilities Large Scale Labs etc. Process technol ogy Univers ities Codes of Conduct Commercial Activites Biotech. Research facilities Networks of scientists Public R&D Education Biotech. Study programmes
15 Public R&D Imports Exports Dualuse trade Agriculture General biotech/life sciences education: Study programmes in the life sciences and biotechnology? Bioprocess technology education: Know-how on the construction of large scale production facilities? Large scale research institutions: Transparent work programmes,? Exhaust gas Soil Yeasts, Encymes, Bt pesticides, tbc? Vaccines production Environmental signatures Water Patents Products Research & Production Facilities Large Scale Labs etc. Process technology Univers ities Codes of Conduct Commercial Activites Biotech. Research facilities Scientific publications Networks of scientists Public R&D Education Biotech Study programm
16 State Activities Treaty memberships: BWC, CWC, Cartagena,? Legislation: Sufficient? Bio Defense: Any programme; suitable? Bio Preparedness: Any activities; suitable? Active transparency measures: CBMs, Peer Review activities,? Past BW Programmes: Sufficient information? ness State activities Bio Defense Legisla tion Past BW Programm es Treaty and regime memberships Active transparency measures Peer Review Activities BWC Meeting Participation, working papers etc. CBMs
17 Context Information Epidemiology - Unusual outbreaks Epidemiology/unusual outbreaks: medisys.org, healthmap.org, Reports of International Organisations Seldom Cases Context information Social media Reports/ documents of Internat. Orgs. Social media: Free use / licenses for a number of online tools Past BW ogrammes
18 Web Tool: Main Categories
19 Web Tool: Country Profiles
20 Walkthrough I Country Profile
21 Walkthrough I Country Profile Display of facility marked with geotag
22 Structural Elements of the BWPP Monitor 2.0 Backend Data Access Layer Aggregated Data GUI for database use and maintainance Frontend Presentation Layer Country Profiles Analyser Map Viewer
23 Walkthrough II Map Viewer
24 Walkthrough II Map Viewer Map general view of Germany: Military Germany Biological Labs only
25 Walkthrough III Analyser Analyser: query output as map list
26 Conclusion BWPP BioWeapons Monitor 1.0: Format of narrative country studies, BWPP BioWeapons Monitor 2.0: Interactive database, Information available: For some countries: Broad range of information For all countries: At least treaty membership and CBM participation Many more features of the Analyser to come in the near future
27 Please participate! Comments, corrections and contributions to: Poster session: 10 November
28 Contact:
29 Thank you!
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