STEREOTYPE AND TECHNOLOGY. Dr. Wahyu Rahardjo - Gunadarma University

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1 STEREOTYPE AND TECHNOLOGY Dr. Wahyu Rahardjo - Gunadarma University

2 What is Stereotype? A generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members (Aronson, Wilson, Akert, & Sommers, 2015)

3 Stereotype is beyond categorization Stereotyping is a cognitive process, and stereotypes can be positive as well as negative If you like a group, your stereotype will be positive, but if you dislike the group, your stereotype of the same behavior will be negative

4 To the extent that a stereotype is based on experience and accurately identifies certain attributes of a group overall, it can be an adaptive, shorthand way of dealing with complex situations However, if the stereotype blinds us to individual differences within a class of people, it can become maladaptive, unfair, and harmful both to the person holding the stereotype and the individuals being lumped into that category

5 Steretype & Scheme A mental structure that organizes our knowledge of the social world Influence how our information is recorded, the way we think, and we remember Used to organize what we know and interpret new situations Covers our knowledge of various things, such as the presence of others, ourself, social roles

6 Schemes Gender & race Stereotype Age

7 Technophobic & Elderly A person who fears, dislikes or avoids new technology (Kool & Agrawal, 2016) The elderly are commonly depicted as technophobic but is this really so, or is it only a stereotype? maw

8 Still, there is technology knowledge gap between generation in the office, but if the office management is able to change the perceptions and the patterns usage, the elder will learn how to use technology efficiently (Neves & Amaro, 2012)

9 Technology complexity is the main problem for elder user (Nimrod, 2018) raising the negative perceptions and anxiety for how to use the technology (Ha, Page, & Thorsteinsson, 2011) Younger adults who presented higher ICT skills increasing computer anxiety in elder (Ivan & Schiau, 2016) Focus on the improvement of technology selfefficacy

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12 Stereotype in Social Media Selfies Some poses being perceived as so gender oriented the findings is more clearer in social media settings (in Facebook and Instagram) rather than in magazine advertisements (Doring, Reif, & Poeschl, 2016)

13 (Doring, Reif, & Poeschl, 2016)

14 (Doring, Reif, & Poeschl, 2016)

15 (Doring, Reif, & Poeschl, 2016)

16 Study Oberst, Renau, Chamarro, & Carbonell (2016) A lot of Facebook users have profile picture less gender stereotype Female user have more less picture gender stereotype It is because (1) a change in gender stereotype, (2) the trend toward more self descriptions as androgynous, (3) a progressive normalization of Facebook use, and (4) educational campaigns for safer use

17 Gender & Gameplay Performers Study from Kaye & Pennington (2016) Social games stereotypes such as competent-incompetent, able-unable, expertnovice, girl-boy has threatened female game players performance Intervention based on multiple social identities frame could increase the performance

18 Study from Paaben, Morgenroth, and Stratemeyer (2017) Game player or gamer is men, not women stereotype Female players who achieve a moderate level of competence are actively marginalized

19 Is the Positive Stereotype Has Positive Effects?

20 Similar to hallo effect reducing allertness, too much flattering, less criticism, arousing skepticism Increasing inferiority

21 Conclusion Stereotype threat can be found related to the use of technology It include the way others perceived the age, the sex and the gender orientation of technology users

22 References Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., Akert, R. M., & Sommers, S. R. (2015). Social psychology (9th edition). New York: Pearson. Doring, N., Reif, A., & Poeschl, S. (2016). How gender-stereotypical are selfies? A content analysis and comparison with megazine adverts. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, He, J. G., Page, T., & Thorsteinsson, G. (2011). A study on technophobia and mobile device design. International Journal of Contents, 7(2), doi: /IJoC Ivan, L., & Schiau, I. (2016). Experiencing computer anxiety later in life: The role of stereotype threats. Proceeding Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population: Design for Aging. Kaye, L. K., & Pennington, C. R. (2016). Girls can t play : The effects of stereotype threat on females gaming performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, Kool, V. K., & Agrawal, R. (2016). Psychology of technology. Cham: Springer. Neves, B. B., & Amaro, F. (2012). Too old for technology? How the elderly of Lisbon use and perceive IT. The Journal of Community Informatics, 8(1), Nimrod, G. (2018). Technophobia among older internet users. Educational Gerontology. Oberst, U., Renau, V., Chamarro, A., & Carbonell, X. (2016). Gender stereotypes in Facebook profiles: Are women more female online? Computers in Human Behavior, 60, Paaben, B., Morgenroth, T., & Stratemeyer, M. (2017). What is a true gamer? The male gamer stereotype and the marginalization on women in video game culture. Sex Roles, 76,

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