FGD Guide For Qualitative Data collection for Kick Start Treadle Pumps (Money Maker pumps MMP) in East Africa. Checklist for Women Only FGDs

Transcription

1 FGD Guide For Qualitative Data collection for Kick Start Treadle Pumps (Money Maker pumps MMP) in East Africa Checklist for Women Only FGDs Women benefiting directly as owners of pumps and spouses of male pump owners will be engaged in the FGDs. Each FGD should have 12 to 15 members small enough for everyone to participate and diverse enough to collect multiple perspectives. Introduction to this Facilitator s Guide This guide is intended to help the facilitator direct focus group discussants towards identifying ways in which Kick Start s intervention in treadle pump sales has affected male and female beneficiaries. Key discussion points will involve, asset accumulation, and gender relations in decision making in production and marketing, and control of products and income accrued from these products. Purpose of the FGD The FGD will constitute the qualitative component of a larger [quantitative and qualitative] study to establish the impact of Kick Start on gender and assets. The findings of the study will eventually be used to develop and test strategies to improve project impact on women s assets and gender relations in decision making in production, marketing and control of household asset and income. This gendered assessment of the adoption rates of treadle pumps; patterns of intrahousehold control of the pumps, products of irrigation and income made by selling produce will enable discussants to answer in part several questions which will then enable Kickstart to achieve its goal of poverty reduction through distribution of MMPs. 1) Understanding the pump and its use a) How did u come to know about MoneyMaker Pumps? i) Where did you get the information on pumps (List all sources of information mentioned) b) Who mainly makes the decisions on whether to buy the pump or not? i) Under what conditions would women make this decision? c) Do men normally lend pumps to women to use? i) On what terms is this done? -Is it for payment, how much? If free to who can it be given for free? d) Do women normally lend pumps to other women to use? i) On what terms is this done? -Is it for payment, how much? If free to who can it be given for free? 1

2 e) Do women normally lend pumps to men to use? i) On what terms is this done? -Is it for payment, how much? If free to who can it be given for free? f) What are women s common uses for the pump? Which use for pumps do you as women prefer and why? g) What pumps do you as women prefer? What are the reasons for your preferences? h) Among these types of pumps there a change over time? What is a common sequence? Explain why this sequence? 2) Main crops irrigated and decision making on the crops a) What are the main crops being irrigated? b) Of these crops, which are the five most important crops for you as women and why are they are the most important? c) What influences the decisions on what crops will be planted under irrigation? i) What determines what crops will be irrigated? ii) Who determines the crops that will be irrigated? iii) If men, under what conditions can women make this decisions? d) If you were to irrigate only one crop and if you could make decisions on which one, which one would it be, and why? e) What average area can one pump irrigate in a day? i) Besides the pump, what else determines the area/ acreage that can be irrigated? f) Who in the household makes this decision on area to be irrigated? i) Under what conditions would you as women make the decisions? g) Who normally operates the pump? i) List of operations on the pump (including pumping, watering, laying out pipes, maintenance ) ii) Who mainly does each of these functions (male adults, female adults, male children, female children) disaggregate family and hired iii) Why that person? h) On average how long does it take you to irrigate the area of land mentioned in e above? i) What influences the amount of time it takes you to irrigate a specific area? ii) How long would a man take to irrigate the same area? iii) If the duration taken by a man is different, why the difference. i) When does irrigation happen in a year? 2

3 i) Develop a calendar with list of crops irrigated on the rows and months of the year on the columns ii) For each crop, indicate the operations done during each month, e.g planting, weeding etc iii) For each, indicate who does the operations using the symbol for male and for female (including who irrigates) iv) For each month, indicate whether irrigation is done using a symbol for irrigation j) Are there differences in the crops irrigated by men and the ones you irrigate? If yes, which are you more likely to irrigate and which ones are men likely to irrigate and why? k) Within a day, what times do you irrigate your crops? Why? i) Is there a difference on who irrigates during these times? Why? 3) Understanding benefits of the Pumps a) What are the benefits of owning a pump (can be probed as what are the differences between households with and without pumps?) i) Which are the benefits are the most important for you as women and why? b) What new opportunities does a household get from buying a pump? E.g transition from farming to other economic activities i) What are the opportunities for women in households with pumps? ii) What are the specific opportunities to women who own pumps? c) As pump owners, how do you perceive yourselves within the community? How do others perceive you? What other intangible benefits come with owning the pump-e.g community recognition? d) How has the pump impacted your lives? Participatory Impact Diagrams. 4) Understanding constraints of accessing, owning and using the pumps? Challenges accessing and buying pumps a) What were the challenges you faced while trying to buy a pump? b) How can these constraints be addressed? i) What are some of the specific challenges you face in buying pumps that men would not face? ii) How do the challenges experienced by women in female headed households differ from those experienced by women in male headed households? c) On average how, long since you got information on the pump did you buy? i) Why that period? Challenges faced using the pumps 3

4 d) What are the main challenges you face/faced as women in using a pump? e) Has your work load as women increased, or decreased, or not changed since you started irrigating? i) Increased? Why? ii) Decreased? Why? iii) Remained the same? Why? f) Has men s work load increased, or decreased, or not changed since irrigation started? i) Increased? Why? ii) Decreased? Why? iii) Remained the same? Why? g) Has men s work load increased, or decreased, or not changed since irrigation started? i) Increased? Why? ii) Decreased? Why? iii) Remained the same? Why? h) What are main challenges that men face in using the pump that are different from yours? i) How do the challenges vary for women in female headed households compared to women in male headed households? j) What are the trade-offs of having and using the pumps? (Are there some things that you have had to forego or stopped doing as a result of the irrigation?) i) For the whole household? ii) For you as women? iii) For men? iv) For girls? v) For Boys? 5) Understanding asset ownership a) What are the common non-pump assets owned by households in this community? List all the common assets b) Of these, which are you as women more likely to own, which are likely to be owned by men, and which by men and women jointly? c) What do you mean when you say as a woman, that you own an asset? i) When do men say they own an asset? (For probing is it when you can make decisions on it, when you have purchased it, when you can dispose it, when you came with it during marriage?) ii) When do women say they own an asset? (For probing not to be listed, ask first their opinion is it when they can make decisions on it, when they have purchased it, when they can dispose it?) 4

5 iii) When is an asset said to be jointly owned? (For probing not to be listed, ask first their opinion is it when both a man and woman have contributed equally to the purchase, is it when it s a male headed household, when decisions are made by the man?) d) What about pump ownership, is the pump likely to be owned by a man, a woman, or jointly? Why for each type of ownership? In the following section, for all responses that say decision making or ownership is joint, probe for who initiates the discussion and whose decision is final especially when there is no agreement a) When a pump is owned by the men: i) Who makes the decisions on the use of this pump? ii) What decisions can t you as women make about the pumps? iii) Who manages operations of the pump on a day to day basis? Under what conditions can women manage the use of the pump when it is owned by the man? iv) If it breaks down, who repairs and meets the costs of repairing? v) If pump is bought on credit, who mainly does the repayments? vi) If you chose to sell the pump, who will make the decision on whether to sell the pump or not? If jointly owned and can t agree, who makes the final decision? vii) Who would manage the money from the sale? If jointly managed, who leads the decision process? What happens if you do not agree? b) When the pump is owned by you as women: i) Who makes the decisions on the use of this pump? ii) What decisions can t women make about the pumps? iii) What decisions can t men make about the pumps? iv) Who manages operations of the pump on a day to day basis? Under what conditions can men manage the use of the pump when it is owned by the woman? v) Who would make the decision on whether to sell the pump or not? vi) If pump is bought on credit, who mainly does the repayments? vii) If you chose to sell the pump, who will make the decision on whether to sell the pump or not? If jointly owned and can t agree, who makes the final decision? viii) Who would manage the money from the sale? If jointly managed, who leads the decision process? What happens if you do not agree? c) If the pump is owned jointly by men and women: i) Who makes the decisions on the use of this pump? ii) What decisions can t women make about the pumps? iii) What decisions can t men make about the pumps? iv) Who manages operations of the pump on a day to day basis? Under what conditions can men manage the use of the pump when it is owned by the woman? v) Who would make the decision on whether to sell the pump or not? vi) If pump is bought on credit, who mainly does the repayments? vii) If you chose to sell the pump, who will make the decision on whether to sell the pump or not? If jointly owned and can t agree, who makes the final decision? 5

6 viii) Who would manage the money from the sale? If jointly managed, who leads the decision process? What happens if you do not agree? 6) Decision making and management of irrigated crops For each of the top three commonly irrigated crops as in Q.1 e, ask the following questions; a) What are they mostly used for (most likely options home consumption, market, own fodder, fodder for sale?) b) What were the top three priority crops grown before you bought the pump and how were they used? c) For each of the priority money maker irrigated crops that are mainly sold, who sells them? i) How was it before you bought the pump? ii) How has it changed with usage of money maker Pumps? d) Who makes the decisions on how much to sell and keep for home consumption? i) How was it before you bought the pump? ii) How has it changed with irrigation? iii) In case the decisions are made jointly, who leads the decision making process, and if there is a disagreement, whose decision is taken as the final one? e) For each of the money maker irrigated crops, who handles /manages the money from sales? i) What else influences who manages the money? ii) Under what circumstances do you as women manage the money? f) What does it mean to manage money? i) When you as a women say you manage income, what does it mean? (Probing; I make decisions on how to spend it, it has to be in my pockets /hand bag /my account etc) ii) When a man says he manages money, what does it mean? (Probing; I make decisions on how to spend it, it has to be in my pockets / bag /my account / from sale of crop grown on my land) iii) When income is jointly managed, what does it mean? (Probing; when it s in the joint account, cannot be spent unless both agree, is made from jointly produced crops etc) g) What are three priority investments that you as a woman have made as a result of increased income from the pump? 6

7 h) For education, what are the differences in investments on girls and boy s education? (Probe if boys are taken to more expensive schools; educated further than girls; Does it matter if the first child is a girl or a boy? How?) i) Are priority investments different for men and women? How and why? j) What are the major differences in expenditure priorities when income is managed by; i) Men? ii) Women? iii) Jointly? 7