MAKERS making sustainability

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COWERK Fab Lab Berlin 25 October 2017 Workshops of

1 MAKERS making sustainability Cindy Kohtala Postdoctoral Researcher Aalto University, Finland COWERK Fab Lab Berlin 25 October 2017 Workshops of Change: How innovation happens in FabLabs, Makerspaces and RepairCafés

2 Factory 2.0 distributed, personalized distributed hardware prosumption distributed software Web 2.0 digital manufacturing distributed, personal commonsbased peer production material digital Source: Kohtala, C., Addressing sustainability in research on distributed production: an integrated literature review. J. Clean. Prod. 106, DIY 2.0

3 Source: Kohtala, C., Hyysalo, S., Anticipated environmental sustainability of personal fabrication. Journal of Cleaner Production 99,

4 non-market influence small bespoke fabrication: tailored, individualized products, design and fabrication in hands of producer personal fabrication: unique products, design and fabrication in hands of user, shared designs scale WHAT IS DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION? mass customization: batch/modular personalized products, design and fabrication in hands of producer mass fabrication: unique products, design and fabrication in hands of users in interaction with each other large market influence digital manufacturing control over user/consumer input peer-to-peer production SOURCE: Kohtala, C., Addressing sustainability in research on distributed production: an integrated literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production 106,

6 THESE ARE SOCIOTECHNICAL ASSEMBLAGES Trashlab repair event, Helsinki, Oct 2014

Source: Lindström, Kristina, and Åsa Ståhl. 2014. Publics-in-the-Making: Crafting Issues in a Mobile Sewing Circle.

7 Source: Lindström, Kristina, and Åsa Ståhl Publics-in-the-Making: Crafting Issues in a Mobile Sewing Circle. In Making Futures: Marginal Notes on Innovation, Design, and Democracy, edited by Pelle Ehn, Elisabet M. Nilsson, and Richard Topgaard, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. page 308.

8 FUTURE INFRASTRUCTURE BUT! COUNTER-CONTEXTS IDEOLOGIES AND IMAGINARIES Helsinki Hacklab, May 2015

9 What we say versus what we do: Ideology versus practice Fablab Amsterdam, the Netherlands, July 2012 FAB12 Shenzhen, Aug 2016

10 What we say democratizing production empowering communities helping users meet their own needs peer learning community building sharing opening distributing localizing

11 What we say democratizing production empowering communities helping users meet their own needs ability to build, disassemble, reassemble, repair production locally and only according to need peer learning community building sharing opening distributing localizing

12 What we say democratizing production empowering communities helping users meet their own needs ability to build, disassemble, reassemble, repair production locally and only according to need peer learning community building sharing opening distributing localizing REDUCED TRANSPORT EMISSIONS, REDUCED EMBODIED ENERGY OF UNNEEDED INFRASTRUCTURE (e.g. RETAIL) MATERIAL ECO-EFFICIENCY, DEMATERIALIZATION

13 What we do Protospace, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Nov 2014 Aalto Fablab, Helsinki, Finland, 2012

14 What we do hypercapitalism financial profit technocracy mass production consumerism crapjects innovation entrepreneurship startups bringing manufacturing home STEM education grassroots innovation micro-entrepreneurship invention local economies empowerment creativity

15 IDEOLOGY IS VISIBLE: PROJECTS SHOW COMMITMENT (e.g. TO OPEN HARDWARE) FabLab Amersfoort, the Netherlands, Nov 2014

16 Made in Kallio, Helsinki, 2013 IDEOLOGY IS VISIBLE: PROJECTS INVITE QUESTIONS AND PARTICIPATION

17 IDEOLOGY IS VISIBLE: PROJECTS AND SPACE ARRANGEMENTS (CAN) ENCOURAGE RECYCLING AND REUSE FabLab Maastricht, the Netherlands, Nov 2014

18 IDEOLOGY IS VISIBLE: PROJECTS AND SPACES ARE THEMSELVES SUSTAINABILITY AND SELFSUFFICIENCY EXPERIMENTS (e.g. food, building, energy) Valldaura Self-Sufficiency Lab, Barcelona, July 2014

19 IDEOLOGY IS VISIBLE: PEER LEARNING DOES HAPPEN, DIVERSITY OF PARTICIPANTS APPEARS TO ENCOURAGE INVENTION FabLab Breda, the Netherlands, Nov 2014

20 BUT! ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ARE NOT PRIORITIZED IN FABLABS EVERYDAY, MUNDANE TASKS TEND TO DOMINATE (MANAGERS' BUSY SCHEDULES) FabLab Amsterdam, Dec 2014

21 ECO-ORIENTED DIY MAKERS AND TECH-ORIENTED DIY MAKERS APPEAR TO BE DIFFERENT GROUPS Valldaura Self-Sufficiency Lab, Barcelona, Aug 2016

22 ONLY FEW EXAMPLES IN THE GLOBAL NORTH / EUROPE THAT COMBINE SUSTAINABILITY EXPLORATIONS WITH DIGITAL TECH WITH OPEN DESIGN, P2P PROCESSES FabLab Amersfoort, the Netherlands, Aug 2016

23 LABS IN THE GLOBAL NORTH / EUROPE LARGELY APPEAR GENERIC: LOCAL EMBEDDEDNESS? PRINCIPLES OF LOCAL PRODUCTION OR LOCAL URBAN ECONOMY? FAB12 Shenzhen, Aug 2016

24 AWARENESS OF SUPPLY CHAINS? NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF E-WASTE AND LABOUR CONDITIONS? Espoo Mini Maker Faire, Finland, Oct 2015

25 Source: Seravalli, Anna Making Commons: Attempts at Composing Prospects in the Opening of Production. Doctoral Dissertation, Mälmö, Sweden: Mälmö University. page 153.

26 Trashlab repair event, Helsinki, Finland, Oct 2014 MATERIAL ENGAGEMENT CO-ARTICULATING HOW TO LIVE WITH TECHNOLOGY FOSTERING CARE (HUMAN AND NON-HUMAN) ENSURING CRITIQUE

27 MATERIALS & ENERGY à NATURAL RESOURCE COMMONS BUT! EMPHASIS ON THE KNOWLEDGE COMMONS Aalto Fablab, Helsinki, Feb 2013

28 SUBTRACTABILITY Low High EXCLUSION Difficult Easy Public goods Useful knowledge Sunsets Toll or club goods Journal subscriptions Day-care centres Common-pool resources Libraries Irrigation systems Private goods Personal computers Doughnuts Types of goods Source: Hess, Charlotte, and Elinor Ostrom, eds Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. page 9.

29 SUBTRACTABILITY Low High EXCLUSION Difficult Easy Public goods Open design repositories Toll or club goods Specialized DIY spaces Common-pool resources Library DIY spaces Private goods Techshops, commercial workshops Types of community workshops?

30 MAKERS making sustainability Cindy Kohtala

Beyond the Smart City: Towards an open, equitable, democratic and circular City

BARCELONA DIGITAL CITY ROADMAP 2017-2020 Beyond the Smart City: Towards an open, equitable, democratic and circular City Tecnology and Digital Innovation Commissioner @Francesca_bria barcelona.cat/digital