Crosslinked and Thermally Treated Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Joint Replacements

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2 STP 1445 Crosslinked and Thermally Treated Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Joint Replacements Steven M. Kurtz, Ray A. Gsell, and John Martell, editors ASTM Stock Number: STPt445 INTERNATIONAL ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken, PA Printed in the U.S.A.

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Crosslinked and thermally treated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for joint replacements / Steven M. Kurtz, Ray A. Gsell, and John Martell, editors. p. cm. -- (STP;1445) "ASTM Stock number: STP 1445." Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN Orthopedic implants-materials-congress. 2. Polyethylene-Therapeutic use-congresses. 3. Artificial joints-congresses. 4. Biomedical materials-congresses. 5. Implants, Artificial- Congresses. I. Kurtz, Steven M., 1968-II. Gsell, Ray A., 1944-II1. Martell, John, 1957-IV. ASTM special technical publication ; RD755.5.C '80592-dc ~59~ Copyright ASTM Intemational, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher. Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use, or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use of specific clients, is granted by ASTM International (ASTM) provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; Tel: ; online: Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor. The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM International Committee on Publications. To make technical information available as quickly as possible, the peer-reviewed papers in this publication 'were prepared "camera-ready" as submitted by the authors. The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of the peer reviewers. In keeping with long-standing publication practices, ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers. The ASTM International Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM Intemational. Printed in Saline, MI

4 Foreword The Symposium on Crosslinked and Thermally Treated Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) for Joint Replacements was held in Miami Beach, Florida on 5-6 November, ASTM International Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices served as the sponsor. Symposium co-chairmen and co-editors of this publication were Steven Kurtz, Exponent, Inc., Philadelphia, PA; Ray Gsell, Zimmer, Inc., Warsaw, IN; and John Martell, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. iii

5 Contents FOREWORD iii QUANTIFYING CLINICAL RESPONSE Generalized Size and Shape Description of UHMWPE Wear Debris--A Comparison of Cross-Linked, Enhanced Fused, and Standard Polyethylene Particles-- C. M. SPRECHER, E. SCHNEIDER, AND M. A. WIMMER SHORT-TERM RETRIEVALS Microscopy of Highly Cross-Linked UHMWPE Wear Surfaces-<:. a. RIEKER, R. KONRAD, R. SCHON, W. SCHNEIDER, AND N. A ABT Retrieval Analysis of Cross-Linked Acetabular Bearings--J. P. COLLIER, M.B MAYOR, B. H. CURRIER, AND M. W. W1TTMAN Assessment of Surface Roughness and Waviness Using White Light Interferometry for Short-Term Implanted, Highly Crosslinked Acetabular Components-- s. M, KURTZ, J. TURNER, M. HERR, A. A. EDIDIN, AND C. M. RIMNAC CROSSUNKED PE IN KNEES: IS IT SAFE? Improved Resistance to Wear, Delamination and Posterior Loading Fatigue Damage of Electron Beam Irradiated, Melt-Annealed, Highly Crosslinked UHMWPE Knee lnserts--j. Q. YAO, C. R. BLANCHARD, X. LU, M. P. LAURENT, T. S. JOHNSON, L. N. G LBERTSON, D. F, SWARTS, AND R. D. CROWNINSHIELD The Effect of Crosslinking UHMWPE on In Vitro Wear Rates of Fixed and Mobile Bearing Knees--D. E. McNULTY, S. W. SWOPE, D. D. AUGER, AND T. SMITH V

6 vi CONTENTS The Wear of Highly Crosslinked UHMWPE in the Presence of Abrasive Particles: Hip and Knee Simulator Studies--M. P. LAURENT, C. R. BLANCHARD, J. Q. YAO, T. S. JOHNSON, L. N. G1LBERTSON, D. F. SWARTS, AND R. D. CROWNINSHIELD The Sensitivity of Crosslinked UHMWPE to Abrasive Wear: Hips versus Knees-- V. D. GOOD, K. WIDDING, M. SCOTT, AND S. JANI Multiaxial Fatigue Behavior of Oxidized and Unoxidized UHMWPE During Cyclic Small Punch Testing at Body Temperature--M. L. VILLARRAGA, A. A. EDIDIN, M. HERR, AND S. M. KURTZ 117 The Effect of Reduced Fracture Toughness on Pitting and Delamination Type Wear of Elevated Cross-Linked Polyethylene--s. A. MAHER, B. D. FURMAN, AND T. M. WRIGHT Wear and Structural Fatigue Simulation of Crosslinked Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene For Hip and Knee Bearing Applications--A. WANG, M. MANLEY, AND P. SEREKIAN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES The Effect of Aging on Mechanical Properties of Melt-Annealed Highly Crosslinked UHMWPE--s. BHAMBRI, R. GSELL, L. KIRKPATRICK, D. SWARTS, C. R. BLANCHARD, AND R. D. CROWNINSHIELD 171 The Flow Ratio Effect on Oriented, Crosslinked Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)--R. s. KING, S. K. YOUNG, AND K. W. GREER The Effect of Specimen Thickness on the Mechanical Behavior of UHMWPE Characterized by the Small Punch Test--s. M. KURTZ, M. HERR, AND A. A. EDIDIN IN-VITRO TESTING The Effects of Raw Material, Irradiation Dose, and Irradiation Source on Crosslinking of UHMWPE--K. w. GREER, R. S. KING, AND F. W. CHAN Characterization of the Wear Performance of Crosslinked UHMWPE and Relationship to Molding Procedures--K. R. ST. JOHN AND R. A. POGG1E Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation Dose on the Properties of Crosslinked UHMWPE--N. A. ABT, W. SCHNEIDER, R. SCHON, AND C. B. RIEKER Development of a Model For Testing Third Body Wear of UHMWPE Acetabular Components---c. a. BRADGON, D. O'CONNOR, O. K. MURATOGLU, AND W. H. HARRIS Elevated Crosslinking Alone Does Not Explain Polyethylene Wear Resistance--- B. D. FURMAN, S. A. MAHER, T. G. MORGAN, AND T. M. WRIGHT Index 263

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