ALONA YANSHINA EXERCISE 1.1

Transcription

1 material makeup: log ALONA YANSHINA EXERCISE 1.1

2 timeline + development log cabin - interlocked corners by cutting notches in the ends of the logs. using log joinery technique, structures grew higher logs were cut into timber by cutting the sides of the logs into flat surfaces. this allowed for a more refined dwelling and simplified, faster and more secure system of construction. benefits of wood construction are being utilized in modern buildings.

3 technological advancements - engineered wood Plywood: Sheets of cross-laminated veneer bonded under heat and pressure with durable, moisture-resistant adhesives. Alternating grain direction of veneers increases strength. Fibreboard (MDF): breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibres, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. Particle board: Combining wood chips, sawmill shavings, or sawdust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded. Cheaper than plywood. Oriented strand board: structural panel manufactured from rectangular-shaped strands of wood that are oriented lengthwise and then arranged in layers, laid up into mats, and bonded together with moisture-resistant, heat-cured adhesives. No gaps or voids Laminated timber: several layers of dimensional timber glued together with moisture-resistant adhesives, creating a large, strong, structural member that can be used as vertical columns or horizontal beams. Glulam can also be produced in curved shapes, offering extensive design flexibility. Laminated veneer: bonding thin wood veneers together in a large billet. The grain of all veneers in the LVL billet is parallel to the long direction. The resulting product features enhanced mechanical properties and dimensional stability that offer a broader range in product width, depth and length than conventional lumber. Cross laminated: Multi-layered panel made of lumber. Each layer of boards is placed crosswise to adjacent layers for increased rigidity and strength. CLT can be used for long spans and all assemblies, e.g. floors, walls or roofs. Advantage of faster construction as the panels are prefabricated. Parallel strand: Long veneer strands laid in parallel formation and bonded together with an adhesive to form the finished structural section. A strong, consistent material, it has a high load carrying ability and is resistant to seasoning stresses so it is well suited for use as beams and columns for post and beam construction, and for beams, headers, and lintels for light framing construction. Transparent wood composites: new composites made at the laboratory scale that combine transparency and stiffness. They are not available yet on the market.

4 wood composition + qualities hardwood softwood definition use density Hardwoods derive from deciduous trees, meaning that they will lose their leaves seasonally. Often used in furniture. Can be used in construction but usually nearer the latter stages. E.g. doors and floors. Usually more expensive than softwoods. Softwoods are conifer trees, meaning that they will keep their leaves all year round. Often used in construction. Typically used to build joists, rafters and the frame of a building. Usually less expensive than hardwoods. wood cells a - support loads substantially greater than weight b - cells yield under much lower loads cost A high density creates a hardwood, hence the term hardwood. Lower density than hardwoods. areas found Found almost everywhere. Specific regions include the Americas and the Tropics. Found in the northern hemisphere. growth rate Slow. fast properties Typically harder (but there are some exceptions). Broad leaves and enclosed nuts. High levels of density. Softer and less dense. Lower durability. More knotty.

5 performance acoustics ideal for sound absorption. Wood prevents echo and noise by absorbing sound. Sound energy loss as a result of friction is also significantly low in woods due to its lightness and structure. Because of such properties, wood is extensively used in musical instruments. tensile strength wood outperforms even steel when it comes to breaking length (or self-support length). it can support its own weight better, which allows for larger spaces and fewer necessary supports in some building designs. thermal + electric Wood has a natural resistance to electrical conduction when dried to standard moisture content (MC) levels, usually between 7%-12% for most wood species. its strength and dimensions are also not significantly affected by heat, providing stability to the finished building and even safety implications for certain fire situations. DISADVANTAGES SHRINKAGE AND SWELLING DETERIORATION FUNGI MOSITURE INSECT INFESTATION

6 sustainability 100% renewable building material - can be grown and regrown through natural processes and also through replanting and forestry management programs locks up carbon for the life of the building emits significantly lower volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon dioxide off-gasses than aluminum, steel, concrete and plastics. biodegradable - When exposed to natural climate conditions, wood will break down much more quickly and actually replenish the soil in the process lightweight cellular structure also makes wood a natural insulator

7 ability to be joined drives the craft wood + craft

8 aesthetics of wood c o l o r va r i e t y wa r m at m o s p h e r e g r a i n pat t e r n s reduced to small scale can steam bend