World History Unit 13 Lesson 1 The Start of WWI The Belle Epoque The late 1800s & early 1900s had been a time of great scientific discoveries &

Transcription

1 Unit 13 Lesson 1 The Start of WWI The Belle Epoque The late 1800s & early 1900s had been a time of great scientific discoveries & technological inventions. Europe was civilizing the world & living standards continued to rise. Faith in man s s ability to build an earthly paradise grew, and yet trouble simmered under the surface

2 Unit 13 Lesson 1 The Start of WWI Long range causes of World War I 1) Nationalism made competition between countries intense. 2) An expensive arms race began in the 1890s, especially between the German & British navies this conflict caused mistrust. 3) France wanted revenge against Germany for the embarrassment of the Franco-Prussian War.

3 Unit 13 Lesson 1 The Start of WWI 4. Maintaining a balance of power through alliances had kept peace, but it also guaranteed that any war that happened could explode into a major war. 5. The Eastern Question, or what to do with the Balkans as the Ottoman Empire crumbled caused tension between Austria-Hungary & Serbia.

4 Unit 13 Lesson 1 The Start of WWI The immediate cause of WWI The immediate cause of WWI was the assassination of the heir of Austria- Hungary by terrorists aided by some in Serbia s s government. Germany gave A-H A H a blank check to deal with Serbia, but this caused a chain reaction of countries mobilizing, or preparing their armies for war. No leaders really wanted the war, but they wouldn t t back down either.

5 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results Basic Facts of WWI 1. WWI began in 1914, the US entered the war in 1917, and the war ended in The two sides were the: Allies: Britain, France, Russia, US, Italy, Japan Central Powers: Germany, A-H, A Ottoman Empire 3. The Allies won.

6 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results 4. The Germans planned to use the Schlieffen Plan to knock France out the war and then deal with Russia, but it failed when Russia attacked sooner than expected.

7 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results 5. The failure of the German advance led both sides to dig in in Northern France & trench warfare resulted.

8 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results Scenes of Trench Warfare

9 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results 6. The war turned into a war of attrition in which each side tried to wear down the other. 7. World War I was a total war in which the countries used all of their resources to win. Civilians were sometimes seen as legitimate targets.

10 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results Results of WWI 1. The carnage of the war shook the values of the young, those who survived were called the Lost Generation. 2. New countries appeared in Europe empires fell: A-H, A Russia, Germany, Ottoman. 4. The US became a world power.

11 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results 5. The League of Nations was established to keep peace. 6. Colonies that fought for their mother countries would demand independence. 7. The Treaty of Versailles with Germany would lead to WWII.

12 Unit 13 Lesson 2 WWI and its Results Punishment of Germany under the Treaty of Versailles: 1. Germany had to admit they were the ones who started the war. (Article 231) 2. They had to pay reparations to France. 3. They gave territory to France & Poland. 4. German armed forces were limited to 100,000 troops, & no tanks, air force, submarines, or large ships.

13 Unit 13 Lesson 3 Russian Revolutions Russia s s Struggles in 3 Events 1. The Crimean War exposed Russia s backwardness & serfdom was ended. 2. The Russo-Japanese War further exposed Russian weakness & would force the Czar to share power with the Duma,, a national legislature. 3. WWI proved to be national nightmare for Russia, & people blamed the Czar.

14 Unit 13 Lesson 3 Russian Revolutions Revolutions! The March Revolution- Czar Nicholas II was driven out & a Provisional Government (republic) formed. They would make no major decisions until after elections in the late fall of The October (Nov) Revolution- the Bolsheviks seize power promising to end WWI & give land to peasants.

15 Unit 13 Lesson 3 Russian Revolutions The Communists Rule 1. Lenin led the communists, who won a bloody civil war to gain control over the entire country. 2. Lenin has to resort to capitalism to help the country recover. 3. Stalin takes control after Lenin s s death & purges the country of enemies. enemies. 4. Stalin s s agricultural policies starved millions to build industry.

16 Unit 13 Lesson 4 Break Ups after WWI The Ottoman Empire Before After

17 Unit 13 Lesson 4 Break Ups after WWI Austria-Hungary

18 Unit 13 Lesson 4 Break Ups after WWI Russian Changes

19 Unit 13 Lesson 4 Break Ups after WWI Changes to Germany after WWI

20 Unit 13 Lesson 4 Break Ups after WWI League of Nations Mandates