Millimeter wave opportunities & challenges: an industry perspective. Carlos Cordeiro Senior Director/Senior Principle Engineer Intel Corporation

Transcription

1 Millimeter wave opportunities & challenges: an industry perspective Carlos Cordeiro Senior Director/Senior Principle Engineer Intel Corporation

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3 Data demand 2021 data demand forecast Source: Cisco VNI

4 Why millimeter wave (mmwave)? x greater spectrum availability compared to < 6 GHz More capacity, lower latency Improved UX Primary mmwave spectrum allocation for mobile usages GHz band 37 GHz band 39 GHz band GHz band E- band E- band Frequency (GHz) Unlicensed Licensed

5 Where are we in mmwave standardization? mmwave (60 GHz) standardization started in IEEE over 10 years ago The only commercial, consumer mmwave products are based on 11ad Proof that major technological barriers have been overcome IEEE ay is the next generation standard after ad Under development; currently in draft 1.0 3GPP mmwave specifications are still in development In the remainder of this presentation, we focus on 11ay Technical improvements over 11ad Challenges: technical and market Where do we go from here?

6 Summary of 11ay enhancements on top of 11ad MAC Item Feature ad ay additions Net. architecture Infra-BSS, IBSS, PBSS Same Medium access Scheduled and contention access Multiple channel operation and MIMO Power saving Adv. power saving techniques Power saving for channel bonding and MIMO Aggregation A-MPDU and A-PPDU Segmentation and reassembly Block Ack (BA) Fixed 64 bits BA bitmap Compressed BA Up to 1024 BA bitmap Multi-TID BA & Unsolicited BA Security GCMP, multi-band RSNA Fast authentication & association mode PHY Beamforming Modulation SC and OFDM: BPSK, QPSK, 16- QAM, 64-QAM Channelization Single channel (2.16 GHz) operation Non-uniform constellation 8-PSK 2.16 GHz, 4.32 GHz, 6.48 GHz, 8.64 GHz, GHz and GHz channels Number of streams One (SISO) Up to 8, supporting SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO Max data rate 7 Gbps 275 Gbps (4 channels, 8 SSs, short GI, 64- QAM 7/8) LDPC 672 bits codeword 1344 bit codeword GI Normal Short, normal and long Protocol Sector level sweep (SSW) and beam refinement (BRP) Short SSW, BRP TXSS, Asymmetric BF, Group BF and MIMO BF, first path BF TRN Single channel training Multiple channel operation and MIMO training

7 Main 11ay PHY enhancements over 11ad Channel bonding requires new: Channelization and TX masks Packet format Channel access Beamforming Channel aggregation Possibly different waveforms for each aggregated channel 2.16 GHz GHz and 4.32 GHz GHz, adjacent or non-adjacent channels 11ay () format Consists of pre- modulated fields and modulated fields

8 modulated Pre- modulated 11ay format and backward compatibility with 11ad Ncb = 2 Ncb = 3 Ncb = 4

9 Main 11ay PHY enhancements over 11ad SU and downlink MU MIMO Unique requirements given radio propagation characteristics, transceiver architecture, and need for directional transmissions Value of antenna polarization Requires changes to beamforming and channel access Example without polarization Example with polarization Training field Support channel bonding and MIMO Support implementations of different complexities

10 MIMO BF SU- and DL MU-MIMO training Main 11ay BF enhancements over 11ad BF for asymmetric links Addresses cases in which devices have different antenna gains Missing Link Margin Beamformed pattern 10log10(n) db 15dB CPHY compensation Omni Pattern

11 Main 11ay BF enhancements over 11ad Initiator Responder Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3 Antenna ANT_init (AWV_TX_init) Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna ANT_TX_resp (AWV_TX_resp) BRP TXSS Sector sweep using BRP frames One stop training for TX/RX settings of both stations First path beamforming Positioning applications 11ay: wide BW Fine positioning/tracking Reduce bias in range and angle measurements setup setup BRP-TX BRP-TX Antenna 1 (quasi-omni) BRP-TX BRP-TX BRP-TX Antenna 2 (quasi-omni) BRP-TX feedback ANT_init AWV_TX_init BRP-RX Antenna ANT_RX_resp Antenna ANT_init (quasi-omni) BRP-TX ANT_RX_resp BRP-TX AWV_RX_resp feedback Antenna ANT_init BRP-RX AWV_RX_init ack ANT_TX_resp AWV_TX_resp

12 Remaining (open) challenges are non-technical Significant path loss compared to lower bands Significant penetration loss Lower coverage compared to lower bands NLOS transmissions Blockage Industry has shown that these have been overcome or can be dealt with Power consumption Cost Killer app (for high volume) Placement in small form factor devices (e.g., phones) Progress has been made, but market is not there yet Significant progress, but more remains towards mass market

13 Standards evolution 11ay offers a significant evolution compared to 11ad Rates in excess of 100 Gbps Latencies < 1ms A natural question is what are the next moonshot technologies Too early to say, but in my personal view they include: New modulations (e.g., OFDMA, SC-FDMA) UL MU-MIMO Spatial reuse improvements New applications: radar, gesture detection, location, etc.

14 Conclusions mmwave has come a long way in the last years Market is interested in adopting mmwave for a variety of use cases Commercially products based on 11ad are available today (e.g., for VR/AR applications, networking, backhaul) 5G mmwave gaining steam IEEE and 3GPP standards can/should collaborate However, mmwave is not out of the woods yet Market is maturing, but non-technical challenges remain

15 References Tutorials: C. Cordeiro and S. Nandagopalan, Next Generation Multi-Gbps Wireless LANs and PANs, in IEEE Globecom, Dec C. da Silva and C. Cordeiro, IEEE ay: Introduction to the first standard for 100 Gbps Wi-Fi, in IEEE Globecom, Dec Survey papers: T. Nitsche, C. Cordeiro, A. Flores, E. Knightly, E. Perahia, J. Widmer, IEEE ad: directional 60 GHz communication for multi-gigabitper-second Wi-Fi, in IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec Y. Ghasempour, C. da Silva, C. Cordeiro, E. Knightly, IEEE ay: Next-Generation 60 GHz Communication for 100 Gb/s Wi-Fi, in IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec 2017.

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