Addressing Future Wireless Demand

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1 Addressing Future Wireless Demand Dave Wolter Assistant Vice President Radio Technology and Strategy 1

2 Building Blocks of Capacity Core Network & Transport # Sectors/Sites Efficiency Spectrum 2

3 How Do We Address Increasing Demand? Add additional cell sites New Spectrum 700 MHz AWS WCS Enhanced spectral efficiency LTE evolving to LTE-Adv. Aggressive buildout with high speed fallback Heterogeneous Networks small cell strategy Wi-Fi Offload Home Business Public Traffic Management Spectrum Re-Farming (GSM Sunset, UMTS transition to LTE) 3

4 Spectrum Wireless Lifeblood With the increase in data traffic, more capacity is needed Technology can help, but more spectrum is required This is not just an AT&T problem, it is an industry-wide problem AT&T is being very proactive Interaction with the FCC Acquisition of 700 MHz spectrum Acquisition of AWS spectrum Acquisition of 700 MHz MediaFLO spectrum Acquisition of near-nationwide WCS spectrum Acquisition of VZ 700 MHz Lower B block licenses Acquisition of LEAP wireless Working with FCC on reallocation of TV spectrum and Government spectrum AT&T is in very good spectrum position 4

5 LTE Advanced A set of well-designed solutions to scale LTE performance speed, efficiency, latency, cell edge experience Carrier aggregation Advanced MIMO and Antenna Evolution CoMP Coordinated Multi-Processing Heterogeneous Networks (Small Cells and Wi-Fi Integration) Advanced Interference Management Control Plane Enhancements SON Self-Optimizing Network 5

6 LTE to LTE Advanced Multi-Antenna Interference Mitigation Carrier Type Mobility Enhancements LTE R8 DL: 4x4 Single User Closed Loop MIMO UL: Single stream What we deployed: 2x2 MIMO in DL and 1x2/1x4 UL Frequency domain static ICIC Single carrier (channel) up to 20 MHz What we deployed: 5/10 MHz X2 based and S1 based mobility LTE-A R10+ 6 DL: 8x8 Multi-User MIMO UL: Multiple streams Coordinated MultiPoint Transmission 3D beamforming and FD-MIMO with active antenna Dynamic X2 based dynamic eicic/feicic for HetNet Interference cancellation receiver* Network assisted interference UE* * Not covered in this deck Carrier Aggregation (up to 100 MHz) New Carrier Type (not backwards compatible but more flexible) Enhanced Control Channel (capacity and coverage improvement) Mobility enhancements for HetNet deployments

7 Timeline Release 12 Standard Release 10 Carrier Aggregation eicic MU-MIMO Release 11 CoMP F-eICIC Control channel improvement Advanced Receiver Enhanced mobility for HetNets DL MIMO Enhancements Network interference cancellation New carrier type (NCT) 1H H H H H H H H H H H H 2015 Implementation Carrier Aggregation eicic 7

8 Carrier Aggregation Multiple discontiguous segments of RF channels are viewed as a single virtual channel. LTE Carrier #3 LTE Carrier #1 LTE Carrier #4 LTE Carrier #2 LTE Carrier #5 Aggregated Data Pipe Component Carrier 1 Component Carrier 2 Component Carrier 3 Rel 8 UE Rel 8 UE Rel 8 UE Rel 10 UE Up to 100 MHz Efficient aggregation of control and data channel resources Peak speeds corresponding to total bandwidth Flexible resource partitioning matched to traffic Trunking efficiency from statistical multiplexing Control Channel interference mitigation for HetNets (more later) Challenges Device complexityto support various band combinations Increased feedback overheadand scheduling complexity Front-end filteringfor higher order harmonics (CA of AWS) Complexity due to asymmetric (UL/DL) CA deployments 8

9 New Carrier Type (NCT) for Rel-12 Use a new carrier of flexible bandwidth to aggregate with a legacy carrier, does not duplicate control and reference signals. Why? Efficient and flexible use of bandwidth Reduced energy consumption Reduced interference Not backwards compatible How? Synchronized with legacy carrier (highly optimized) Unsynchronized (may require more overhead) Benefits Cell edge improvements Ability to eliminate legacy reference + control signals: lower interference Improved cell-range expansion for HetNets Better suited for MIMO enhancements Reduced/eliminated legacy reference signal Flexible use of unused spectrum slivers under discussion As new features such as advanced MIMO, CA etc. have been defined the replicated structure of a single carrier over multiple carriers is inefficient. 9

10 Advanced Multi Antenna Techniques MIMO techniques of LTE can provide high gain by utilizing spatial multiplexing (parallel streams). However this requires implementation of large number of antennas at the UE (>2 is a challenge) Number of antennas required increases linearly with the number of parallel spatial layers. LTE advanced mitigates this problem by using a concept called multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) Multiple users on the same frequency at the same time Large number spatial layers but each UE only needs to decode 1 or 2 layers. Rel 8 SU-MIMO Higher transmission rank is utilized without the requirement of large number of antennas at the UE Orthogonal beams pre-cancel the interference at the transmitter. Rel 10 MU-MIMO 10

11 Future MIMO Enhancements 3D Beamforming: Extends the beamforming concepts of Rel 8/10 to both elevation and azimuthal plane: Requires new codebook and feedback design. FD-MIMO: This combines the ideas behind 3D digital beamforming and active antennas to provide ultimate flexibility: Ability to track each UE with a pencil beam Simultaneously schedule 10s of UEs (high rank SDMA) Suppress interference Both are study items in Rel 12 Coverage for high vertical angle Coverage for ground level Coverage for lower vertical angle 11

12 CoMP Transmission/reception schemes in LTE release 11, that utilizes more than one geographically distributed Transmission Point (TP) or Reception Point (RP). Key benefits Uniform user experience by improving cell-edge Flexible resource provisioning Flavors of interest Intra-site UL joint-processing Improved coverage at the cost of additional processing No direct impact on backhaul No standards support necessary Baseband pooling Cloud RAN Sophisticated downlink beamforming techniques possible Dynamic allocation of capacity Expensive front-haul to RRH H 11 H 21 H 12 H 22 Challenges Backhaul Processing Coordination 12

13 Heterogeneous Networks Deploying low-power nodes to address coverage and hotspot capacity Interference coordination techniques Frequency-domain ICIC Time-domain ICIC (eicic) Advanced UE interference cancellation for large range expansion (feicic) Challenges Interference, Traffic and Mobility management between macro and pico layers Mgmt of mixed device types (R8 vs. R10) High bandwidth, low cost backhaul Joint planning Macro and Pico Cellular and Wi-Fi SON 13

14 Offload Improvement: Cell-Range Expansion Cell range expansion is a technique by which the range of a small cell is artificially increased by the introduction of a cell association bias Move more UEs to the small cell Takeaways More users under pico improves performance Improved battery life from UE perspective Increased interference for larger bias (need eicic techniques) Pico Range Expansion by Biasing bias bias Macro Pico 14

15 Interference Mitigation - eicic The increased interference dues to cell range expansion can be mitigated with eicic Technique is similar in concept to the rel 8/9 ICIC but done in the time domain. Improves the SINR of the cell edge UEs (covered by the small cell) through the use of what is called an almost blank subframe) Power macro either completely turns off its power, or Macro reduces power This improves the performance of the cell edge users cell edge UE E-ICIC cell center UE Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 PICO MACRO Average Data Rate (Mbps) No ICIC eicic 9 db Bias 12 db Bias 12 db Bias 6 db Bias Significant improvement on cell edge data rate at the cost of capacity 9 db Bias 6 db Bias Pico Cell Edge Data Rate (Mbps) 1515

16 Benefits of Interference Mitigation The biggest impact of eicic is on the cell edge data rate. There is some gain in the overall system capacity as well under the right set of conditions Aggregate Throughput (Macro + pico) Cell Edge Throughput (per User) 16 All results shown here are with a 6dB range expansion bias

17 AT&T Wi-Fi Solutions Hotels Restaurants Coffee shops Sports facilities Chase Field Xcel Energy Center Hot Zones in Major Cities >30K Hotspots! 17

18 Long-Term Options Relays Provides backhaul alternative for remote areas Capacity shared between in-band backhaul and covered area UL-MIMO and UL-CA Attractive options to address increase uplink traffic Device complexity, cost and power utilization are challenges 8 x 8 MIMO Tower-top economics are a big challenge (can do with active antennas perhaps) Receiver antenna complexity on device Size and power consumption on the device 18

19 Thank You Questions? 19

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