PATH TO 5G: KEY TECHNOLOGIES

Transcription

1 PATH TO 5G: KEY TECHNOLOGIES Charlie (Jianzhong) Zhang Samsung Dec, 03 IEEE Globecom 03 workshop on Emerging Technologies for LTE-Advanced and Beyond G

2 CONTENTS. 5G VISION. PATH TO 5G: KEY TECHNOLOGIES 3. FULL DIMENSION MIMO (FD-MIMO). MMWAVE CHANNEL PROPAGATION & MEASUREMENTS 5. MMWAVE BEAMFORMING PROTOTYPE & TEST RESULTS 6. SUMMARY

3 . 5G VISION

4 5G Service Vision Wearable/Flexible Mobile Device Ubiquitous Health Care Mobile Cloud UHD Video Streaming Smart Map/Navigation Real-Time Interactive Game 3

5 5G Performance Targets Gigabit experience anywhere 5G Performance Targets Peak Data Rate > 50 Gbps Anywhere Gbps 50 Gbps 6 Gbps ) 50 Gbps ) ) QoE G BS Locations Gbps 75 Gbps) Mbps ) Mbps 38 ) Kbps ) Year ) Theoretical Peak Data Rate ) Data Rate of First Commercial Products Latency < msec QoE 5G Cell Edge BS Locations 0 ms ms A Tenth of G Latency Latency Uniform Experience Regardless of Location

6 . PATH TO 5G: KEY TECHNOLOGIES 5

7 Path to 5G: Key Technologies (/) mmwave System Tech. Adv. Small Cell Peak Rate Gbps Peak Rate 50 Gbps Previous virtual cell No cell boundary G frequencies Frequency band New higher frequencies Updated user-centric virtual cell Adv. Coding & Modulation Device-to-Devie (DD) Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Time/Frequency/Space Orthogonal Multiple Access Time/Frequency/Space Filter-bank Multi-carrier Enhancing areal spectral efficiency. 6

8 Path to 5G: Key Technologies (/) Enhanced Flat NW IWK/Integration w/ Wi-Fi Location Registry Internet 5G Core Network CN BS M-BS BS M-BS AP BS Non-collocated BS/AP Collocated BS/AP Adv. MIMO/BF (e.g., FD-MIMO) Half-wavelength Interference Management Large scale Multi-antenna Interference alignment. 7

9 3. FULL DIMENSION MIMO (FD-MIMO) 8

10 Full Dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) for Cellular Bands Pain Point State of industry - 00, 000 times traffic increase Solution FD-MIMO ) D Active Antenna Array (AAA) up to ~00 antennas at enb ) MU-MIMO with 0s of Ues 3) 3D channel model Benefit Cell capacity benefit Rel-0 FD-MIMO 3-6 FD-MIMO 00 - Need for new innovation 300% 50% 00% 50% 00% 50% 0% HSPA (005) LTE (008) LTE -A (0) FD-MIMO enb IP LTE Infrastructure V X 8H Transceiver Array Panel CPRI High order MU-MIMO transmission to more than 0 UEs 3.5GHz - FD-MIMO is a key technology for path to 5G - Promising capacity gain for operators and consumers - Comparable cost to conventional enb 3.5GHz 9

11 3GPP Study Item on 3D Channel Model (~ June 0) New scenarios New channel model UMi (Urban micro) 6~8floors High-rise scenario 0floors 0m 5m New pathloss/los prob. model - Pathloss gain for UEs in high floor - LOS prob. of UEs in high floor UMa (Urban macro) 6~8floors Stadium, mall, airport - Distribution in vertical domain Scatter - Correlation for LS parameter DS K SF ASD ASA DS K SF ASD ASA New antenna model ESD ASD ESA DS K - Simplified model Element generated model - Example: 0 vs. M=8 element pattern for vertical domain ASA SF ASD ASA ESD ESA RX DS K SF ASD ASA ESD ESA PL=PLOS(HUT) PL=PNLOS(HUT=.5m) Height gain = a(hut-.5) TR36.8 New Model 0

12 In a TDD system, up to 6X gain for cell average, and up to 0X for cell edge users FD-MIMO: 8H8V at base station, Rx at terminal Baseline: Rel-0 HV at base station, Rx at terminal Cell Average (b/s/hz) Baseline CR- (CB) AUFB (CB) CR- (SLNR) AUFB (SLNR) Cell Edge (b/s/hz) Baseline CR- (CB) AUFB (CB) CR- (SLNR) AUFB (SLNR) AUFB: All UE full BW CR-: Correlation scheduling wi th max UEs CB: Conjugate beamforming SLNR: Signal to leakage + noi se ratio D-UMa, up-to-date 3GPP 3D channel model 57 sectors/wraparound, and M=0 -Rx UEs per sector UEs dropped uniformly across floors in -8 floor buildings UEs dropped 80% Indoor and 0% outdoor (mobility 3kmh) Carrier frequency GHz, bandwidth 0 MHz Full-buffer

13 . MMWAVE CHANNEL PROPAGATION & MEASUREMENTS

14 Spectrum Candidates Candidates for large chunks of contiguous spectrum - 3.~ GHz, 8.~8.6 GHz, 7~9.5 GHz, 38~39.5 GHz, etc. Higher Frequency Candidates ITU EESS FSS RL MS FS FSS MS FS FSS MS FS FSS Current Usage US: LMDS, FSS EU: Fixed P-P link, FSS earth sta. China: Mobile, FSS Korea : Maritime use Current Usage US: Fixed P-P system EU: Fixed P-P link Korea : None MOBILE Primary No MOBILE EESS (Earth Exploration-Satellite Service) FSS (Fixed Satellite Service) RL (RadioLocation service), MS (Mobile Service) FS (Fixed Service) P-P (Point to Point) LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Services). 3

15 Friis Equation in Free Space (/) Isotropic & RX Antennas Path-loss is proportional to frequency squared P RX P P P G G RX = for isotropic R Comparison example R Aperture size c f Path-loss Spherical area R Path-loss (db) g ( c : speed of light ) Distance (m) f = 800 MHz f =.8 GHz f = 8 GHz Isotropic R Aperture size for isotropic RX GHz Aperture size for isotropic RX 8 GHz.8 GHz 8 GHz RX aperture size 9.35 cm 0.09 cm Path-loss (R=m) -. db -6. db.

16 5 Isotropic & Array Antennas for RX Friis Equation in Free Space (/) Same size of RX aperture captures the same RX power regardless of frequency Comparison example. R A P R A P R G P R G G P P e,rx e,rx RX RX RX R Same aperture size for both.8 & 8 GHz A e G = for isotropic.8 GHz 8 GHz RX aperture size 9.35 cm 9.35 cm RX power P RX P RX Isotropic

17 6 Friis Equation in Free Space (3/) Array Antennas for Both & RX RX power is even bigger at higher frequency with array antennas for both & RX Comparison example. R.8 GHz 8 GHz RX power P RX P RX + 0 db Array antennas A e G R c f A A P R G G P P e,rx e, RX RX R A A P R A A P R G G P e,rx e, e,rx e, RX ( c : speed of light )

18 Friis Equation in Free Space (/) 60 mm 60 mm Path-loss Measurement Same size of RX aperture captures the same RX power regardless of frequency Distance [m] Patch 3 GHz Path-loss (db) 80 Isotropic Tx and Rx for 30 GHz (theory) 60 mm 60 0 Isotropic Tx and Rx for 3 GHz (theory) Isotropic Tx and array antenna Rx for 30 GHz Isotropic Tx and patch antenna Rx for 3 GHz Array 30 GHz Distance (m) Array antenna for both Tx and Rx for 30 GHz Patch antenna for both Tx and Rx for 3 GHz 60 mm. 7

19 Atmospheric Absorption Loss Atmospheric absorption loss due to H O & O at 8 GHz is negligible Atmospheric Absorption H O 8 GHz is about 0.09 db/km (=0.08 db/00 m) O 8 GHz is about 0.0 db/km (=0.00 db/00 m) [Specific attenuation due to oxygen and water vapor ] [Conditions ] [Ref.] M. Marcus and B. Pattan. Millimeter wave propagation: spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Magazine, June

20 Precipitation Loss At 8GHz, approximately db at 00 m even for 0 mm/hour intensity Precipitation Loss 00-year recurrence -hour rain intensity is approximately 0 mm/hour (Seoul, Korea) 00-year recurrence -hour rain intensity is approximately 70-7 mm/hour (US east cost) 00-year recurrence -hour rain intensity (US east cost) New York : mm/hour Washington D.C. : 76. mm/hour Florida : 7 mm/hour [Attenuation due to rain] [Ref.] [Ref.] M. Marcus and B. Pattan. Millimeter wave propagation: spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Magazine, June

21 Foliage Loss Loss in dense foliage is not negligible, but other reflection paths are expected in urban environments Foliage Loss Additional loss of 8 GHz compared to.8 GHz: 3.3 db ( m foliage), 8.6 db (0 m foliage) - In urban environments, other reflection paths are highly expected from surroundings Empirical relationship for loss : L 0. f 0 foliage D db where f : frequency in MHz, D : depth of foliage transverse in meters (D < 00 m) [Ref.] M. Marcus and B. Pattan. Millimeter wave propagation: spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Magazine, June

22 Channel Measurement Sub-Urban Received power [dbm] Similar path-loss exponent & smaller delay spread measured (w.r.t. current cellular bands) - Measurements were made by using horn-type antennas at 8 GHz and 38 GHz in 0 Samsung Campus, Korea LOS NLOS Path Loss Exponent RMS Median.0 3. Delay Spread [ns] 99% UT Austin Campus, US LOS NLOS Path Loss Exponent. 3.8 RMS Median Delay Spread [ns] 99% Transmitter Receiver Tx (0 o ) Rx (60 o ) 8 GHz University of Texas at Austin, Tx (7.8 o ) 37.6 GHz Rx (9 o ) [Received Power] Received power for 0->60 LOS n=., s=.8db NLOS-best n=3.69, s=3.58db NLOS-all n=.0, s=7.38db [Received Power] Suwon, Korea Distance [m] Transmitter Receiver * Reference : Prof. Ted Rappaport, UT Austin, 0

23 Channel Measurement Dense Urban Slightly higher but comparable path loss measured in New York City in 0 Manhattan, New York, US Reference : Prof. Ted Rappaport, NYU, 0 - T. S. Rappaport et.al. Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work!, IEEE Access Journal, May 03 LOS NLOS Path Loss Exponent Delay Spread [ns] Expected to be larger than the previous, But to be still smaller than current bands Tx (0 o ) Rx (0 o ) 8GHz NYU [New York, Manhattan NY University] Transmitter Signal Acquired Signal Detected No Signal Detected [Path Loss]

24 Power [db] Excess Delay [ns] Power [db] Channel Measurement Indoor Channel measurement for indoor environment being conducted in Korea Channel Sounder and Structure Map Measurements at Total 6 Rx Locations Tx-Rx Distance : 0m ~ 0m Max. RMS delay spread : 83.7 [ns] at location 3 Tx-Rx Channel Sounder Scenery & Exemplary Model at 3 rd FL Perspective from the 3 rd FL Tx Location Exemplary Channel Parameter Modeling (location ) Clustering AoA/AoD Power Distribution AoA [deg.] [ KAIST KI Bldg., Korea ] AoD [deg.] AoA [deg.] AoD [deg.] 3

25 5. MMWAVE BEAMFORMING PROTOTYPE & TEST RESULTS

26 mmwave Beamforming Prototype 66 mm mm Enabler for mmwave mobile communication - Adaptive array transceiver operating in the millimeterwave frequency bands for outdoor environment mmwave BF Prototype Carrier Frequency Bandwidth Max. Tx Power Beam width (Half Power) 7.95 GHz 500 MHz 37 dbm 0 o Base Station 8x8 (=6) Antenna Elements Mobile Station 66 mm Downlink Tx mm 5 mm 5 mm 33 mm 5 mm mm Array Antenna Uplink Tx Array Antenna Baseband Modem RF + Array Antenna DM (Diagnostic Monitor ) RF + Array Antenna Baseband Modem 5

27 Test Results of mmwave Beamforming Prototype Performance tests of mmwave OFDM prototype - OFDM system parameters designed for mmwave bands - Indoor & outdoor measurements performed for different data rates and transmission ranges System Parameters & Test Results PARAMETER VALUE PARAMETER VALUE REMARKS Carrier Frequency Bandwidth 7.95 GHz 500 MHz Supported Data Rates,056Mbps 58Mbps 6Mbps Duplexing TDD Max Tx Range Up to LoS >0 db Tx power headroom Array Antenna Size 8x8 (6 elements) 8x (3 elements) Beam-width (Half Power) 0 o Channel Coding LDPC Full-HD Modulation QPSK / 6QAM UHD & Full-HD Video Streaming K UHD Measurements with DM 6

28 Test Results Range Outdoor LoS range test - Error-free communications possible at.7 km LoS with > 0dB Tx power headroom - Pencil beamforming at both transmitter and receiver supporting long range communications LoS Range Support wide-range LoS coverage 6-QAM (58Mbps) : BLER 0-6 QPSK (6Mbps) : Error Free Suwon Campus, Korea Base - 70m LOS 측정자료로 Station 수정예정.7 km Mobile Station BLER : Block Error Rate QPSK : Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QAM : Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 7

29 Test Results Mobility Outdoor NLoS mobility tests - Adaptive joint beamforming & tracking supports 8 km/h mobility even in NLOS Mobility Support in NLoS Mobility support up to 8 km/h at outdoor NLoS environments 6-QAM (58Mbps) : BLER 0~0.5% QPSK (6Mbps) : Error Free Base Station Mobile Station [ DM Screen during Mobility Test] 8

30 Test Results Building Penetration Outdoor-to-indoor penetration tests - Indoor MS can successfully receive most signals sent from outdoor BS - Outdoor-to-indoor penetration made through tinted glasses and doors Outdoor to Indoor # Signal measured inside office on 7 th FL of R - QPSK : BLER ~0.6% (Target : < BLER 0%) Outdoor to Indoor # Signal measured inside the lobby at R - QPSK : BLER ~0.3% (Target : < BLER 0%) R Mobile Station R Mobile Station 65 m 60 m R Base Station R Base Station 9

31 Multi-User Support Multi-User Communication Tests Gbps aggregate throughput in MU-MIMO mode MU-MIMO Configuration PARAMETER Carrier Frequency Bandwidth Max. Tx Power Beam-width (Half Power) Multiple Antenna VALUE 7.95 GHz 800 MHz 37 dbm 0 o x MIMO BS RFU MS RFU MS RFU BS Modem.Gbps.Gbps MS Modem MS Modem 30

32 Summary FD-MIMO to provide -5x capacity compared to existing LTE-Adv D Active Antenna Array (AAA) at enb with MU-MIMO of 0s of UEs Comparable cost to conventional enb 3GPP study item on 3D channel model to be developed until December 03 mmwave BF technology as a viable solution to provide Gbps experience Promising mmwave channel measurement data obtained and modeling to follow Encouraging results of outdoor coverage and indoor penetration tests shown Real-time adaptive beamforming and tracking implemented to show mobility support 5G = more productive society and a better world 3