ABB CUSTOMER WORLD, MARCH 13-16, 2017 Sensors in Critical Applications Ron Pate, Product Manager, Instrument Transformers and Sensors

Transcription

1 ABB CUSTOMER WORLD, MARCH 13-16, 2017 Sensors in Critical Applications Ron Pate, Product Manager, Instrument Transformers and Sensors

2 Sensors in Critical Applications Presentation code Speakers Ron Pate Product Manager, Instrument Transformers and Sensors ABB, Inc. Pinetops, North Carolina, USA May 3, 2017 Slide 2

3 Your safety is important to us Please be aware of these emergency procedures Emergency numbers: Dial 8087 from any house phone or (713) from any cell phone or outside line In the event of an emergency please call the emergency numbers above... Do not dial directly. In the event of an alarm please proceed to the nearest exit, or utilize the appropriate exit as directed by Convention Center personnel. Use the stairwells or escalators to evacuate and do not attempt to use the elevators. Convention Center associates will be located throughout the public space to assist in directing guests toward the closest exit. If evacuation is required, please be alert for handicapped or disabled persons who may need your assistance. Do not re-enter the building until advised by Convention Center personnel or an all clear announcement is made May 3, 2017 Slide 3

4 George R. Brown Convention Center Level one Assembly areas Food & beverage Technology & Solution Center May 3, 2017 Slide 4 Know your surroundings

5 George R. Brown Convention Center Level three: locate the nearest two exits < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > < EXIT > May 3, 2017 Slide 5 Know your surroundings < EXIT > Emergency exit

6 Agenda Traditional instrument transformers (ITs) vs Sensors (aka Electronic ITs or Non-Conventional ITs ) Pros and Cons of Sensors vs Traditional ITs Evolution and present state of the art in sensor technology Benefits of sensors in emerging applications as opposed to traditional ITs Considerations in selecting Sensors, esp. for critical applications Future of Sensors vs Traditional ITs This presentation covers sensor alternatives to traditional ITs and does not cover all types of sensors in use today (gas, partial discharge, etc) May 3, 2017 Slide 6

7 Sensors Ideal for Critical Applications Concerns better addressed by sensors Increased safety Reduced chances of failure Reduced footprint More linear response Simplified installations less wiring, smaller footprint, lighter weight Digital implementation (on board A/D), with present and future advantages Reduced energy use, esp. in tight compartments Sensor technology today and in the years to come offers exciting advantages in critical applications May 3, 2017 Slide 7

8 Traditional ITs 100 yr+ old technology Uses ferromagnetic circuit to tightly couple primary and secondary, with special attention to maximizing accuracy of translation of voltage and current signals Also able to transfer power from primary to secondary Typically 1 or 5 amp current output, 120 or 240 volt voltage output Wide array of meters and relays supporting (electromechanical & solid state) May 3, 2017 Slide 8

9 Sensors Measurement and Protection 20+ yr old technology Use solid state components and little or no ferromagnetic material in circuit Lack of magnetic core very low energy output cannot typically transfer power to secondary Numerous form factors for indoor and outdoor application (voltage only, current only, combination) Wide variety of outputs from ~100 mv / ma to 120 V / 1 Amp May 3, 2017 Slide 9

10 Sensor Technology What s Inside Current Measurement Rogowski coil principle pure air core inductor Hybrid Rogoswki coil Rogowski coil with some iron in magnetic circuit Hall Effect sensors Light based sensors (phase shift Faraday Effect) Rogowski coil principle May 3, 2017 Slide 10

11 Sensor Technology What s Inside Voltage Measurement Resistive voltage dividers used typically in MV sensors for voltage measurement Capacitive dividers used on both measurement and for voltage indication Light based sensors evolving but typically more expensive than resistive dividers May 3, 2017 Slide 11

12 Indoor Current Sensors Current Sensors for Indoor Air and Gas Insulated Environments Output voltage is proportional to the derivative of primary current Uniformly wound Rogowski coil with non-magnetic core Typical output rated current = 180 mv (60 Hz) Type KECA sensor family May 3, 2017 Slide 12

13 Indoor Voltage Sensors Voltage Sensors for Indoor Air and Gas Insulated Environments Type KEVA sensor family Type KEVC sensor family May 3, 2017 Slide 13

14 Outdoor MV Sensor Product Families Type VLS Voltage only Voltage output Type KLS Current only Current output Type VKS Current only Voltage output Type VCS Combo V & I Voltage only outputs Type WLS Combo V & I Current and voltage outputs May 3, 2017 Slide 14

15 Sensor Evolution TODAY Technology around for decades, with adoption in Europe leading N. America Most applications today are for protection, emerging applications for metering Linearity is typically excellent, even with harmonics present Error percentage (accuracy) of sensors still lags traditional ITs typical values 0.5% - 2% error vs 0.15% to 0.6% Typical LV and MV sensors today are low energy analog devices using solid state components Some sensors, including HV sensors, use optical technology - require supplemental processing units (merging units) May 3, 2017 Slide 15

16 Sensor Evolution TOMORROW Onboard A/D enabling significant accuracy improvements Increased integrated communications options Ability to power secondary devices Greater end to end application standardization including both protection and metering Wider array of form factors, LV, MV, and HV Much wider array of compatible relays and meters Increased standards and industry guidelines for sensor application May 3, 2017 Slide 16

17 Accuracy Comparison Rogowski Coil vs Traditional CT Current sensor accuracy for pure Rogowski coil may vary slightly if using hybrid Rogowski coil (some iron material in magnetic circuit) May 3, 2017 Slide 17

18 Sensor vs Traditional IT Comparison May 3, 2017 Slide 18

19 Benefits of Sensors vs Traditional ITs Safety One of the most important benefits SENSORS Low voltage signals No need to use VT fuses Secondary can be left open or short-circuited Increased safety for personnel during testing/ operation TRADITIONAL ITs WARNING!!! The secondary circuit of CTs should never be opened or left open when current is flowing in the primary. If the secondary circuit is open, the primary current will drive the core to saturation, inducing abnormally high and possibly lethal PEAK voltages. May 3, 2017 Slide 19

20 Benefits of Sensors vs Traditional ITs Flexibility toward varying load flow extensive dynamic range (no core saturation) Typically no risk of ferroresonance (voltage sensor vs PT) Upgrade of switchgear parameters without additional costs Indoor sensors can often be retrofitted in existing structures with new relays Lighter weight, smaller form factors e.g. PT drawout trays in switchgear may be avoided More linear response, esp. when harmonics present Less energy consumption by the device itself Typical mv voltage sensor over life: kwh loss vs 7,500 kwh! Standardization - one sensor covers full voltage or current range of traditional IT family Improved inventory management Change-out flexibility Simpler documentation Environmental friendliness (less raw material needed) Especially attractive in critical applications where ferroresonance, harmonic response, and safety are essential May 3, 2017 Slide 20

21 Sensor Challenges Cabling sensors impedance matched May be sensitive to magnetic fields current cross talk, ling sag may affect accuracy Lack of power transfer to secondary to power devices Lack of voltage reference for line mounted sensors, unless additional connection is provided Percentage error still not comparable to traditional ITs (though linearity is better) Lack of standardization Standards exist in Europe (added to IT standards) but are limited in N. America No standard for burden using impedance values (e.g. 1 M-ohm) vs VA ratings as with traditional ITs Varied output and current voltage levels Still more limited selection of meters and relays compatible with sensors General understanding of sensors as opposed to IT s May 3, 2017 Slide 21

22 Traditional IT s Still Have a Place When seeking compatibility with existing meters or relays not compatible with sensor outputs, or requiring power When power is needed as well as accurate signal translation (control power application) When change of equipment to match differing dimensions is not desirable May 3, 2017 Slide 22

23 Considerations for Sensor Selection Type of application protection vs metering Availability of power for meter or relay Compatible relays / meters Cabling sensors typically use shielded cables and are specifically manufactured to be tuned to the cable impedance No simple cut / splice Form factor of sensor post, fully insulated or 600V for insulated busbar, etc. Space availability for sensor mounting May 3, 2017 Slide 23

24 Secondary Device Compatibility Sensors Require Proper Selection of Compatible Relays or Meters ABB Relion Rogowski Coil Current Sensor Compatible Other vendors with relays and meters compatible with select ABB sensors include: SEL, S&C, Beckwith, Cooper, Satec, GE May 3, 2017 Slide 24

25 Current and Voltage Sensors Form factor permits switchgear space savings Voltage sensors Current sensors MV sensors Current sensor Voltage sensor Standards IEC (2002) IEC (NEW) Electronic current transformers IEC (1999) IEC (NEW) Electronic voltage transformers May 3, 2017 Slide 25

26 Current and Voltage Sensor connections to IED Point-to-point wiring eliminated with RJ-45 Cables Current sensor Protective Relays Voltage sensor Adapter Protective relays must have LEA (Low Energy Analog) inputs compatible with the Rogowski coil and RVD sensors. Almost no analog wiring in the switchgear increases reliability May 3, 2017 Slide 26

27 Key Sensor Applications Today INDOOR Digital switchgear, esp. in digital substation applications and datacenters Voltage sensors OUTDOOR FDIR linear response over wide range VVO/VVC Esp. used with reclosers, switches, cap banks Current sensors May 3, 2017 Slide 27

28 ANSI MV Digital Switchgear Sensors Critical Component in Digital Switchgear Safety Low energy analog output eliminates hazard associated with open CT secondary Fewer wires to install makes switchgear easier to maintain Solution is continuously self-supervising with maximized error detection Savings Form factor of voltage sensors = switchgear space savings Size of current & voltage sensors = weight savings Broad application range of the sensors = inventory savings Significant energy savings during operation Savings on total cost of ownership Speed Concept allows for compression of time from order to delivery Late customization possible Simplicity Fewer wires to install, commission & maintain Fewer parts to fail leads to increased reliability Sustainability Universal standards (IEC61850) enable future system expansion Handle future load changes without mechanical reconfiguration of system Lower lifetime environmental impact May 3, 2017 Slide 28

29 Important Takeaways Sensors Offer Distinct Advantages over Traditional ITs in Critical Applications Warrant close consideration: no ferroresonance no CT saturation improved linearity Distinctly different types of IT s -- system level with proper matching of sensors with measurement and protection devices is essential Safety is key - low energy, low voltage outputs on the secondary side of sensors may save a life Next generation of IT s understanding the differences and how they affects applications is vital May offer substantial space and inventory savings with proper planning May 3, 2017 Slide 29

30 Q&A and Contact information If you have questions, please contact me further Speaker Ron Pate ABB, Inc May 3, 2017 Slide 30

31 Important reminders ABB Customer World 2017 Workshop evaluation & Professional Development Hours Badges are automatically scanned as you enter each classroom You can download a transcript of the workshops attended by visiting the event portal. Please complete a workshop evaluation The workshop evaluation forms can be completed online via the downloadable event application on your smart device or PC. Each completed session survey will be entered into a drawing to win a $25 gift card. Ten gift cards will be awarded daily. May 3, 2017 Slide 31

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