Stefan A. Fechtel and Heinrich Meyr. Aachen University of Technology, ISS, time slot format [4]. deinterleaver matrix have been processed.
|
|
- Colin Harper
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 M-Algorithm Combied Equliztio d Decodig for Mobile / Persol Commuictios Stef A. Fechtel d Heirich Meyr Ache Uiversity of Techology, ISS, Templergrbe 55, D Ache, Germy Abstrct Third-geertio tetherless mobile/persol commuictio system developmet is fced with the coictig requiremets of providig both highest protectio gist oise/iterferece d keepig the trsmissio dely s low s possible. I this pper, ovel lgorithm for combied equliztio d of iterleved coded modultio is preseted. The ew M-CED lgorithm is extesio of the "covetiol" CED i two wys: i) per-survivor processig is used i the equlizer sectio i order to reduce the ltecy, d ii) M> equlizer sttes per code stte re kept i the survivor memory so s to further improve o the bit error performce. Results o simulted bit error rtes give isight ito the eect of vrious chel d receiver prmeters, i prticulr, iterlever legth (thus ltecy), umber of equlizer sttes, d the choice of trellis codes. The etire digitl receiver with feedforwrd syc, pproprite prelterig d M-CED equliztio/is show to combie the dvtges of beig robust gist fdig d yieldig good BER performce lso t low dely. Itroductio I the desig of mobile/persol commuictio systems, oe ttempts to chieve both high degree of protectio gist impirmets (oise, djcet- d co-chel iterferece) d s low ltecy s possible, prticulrly for speech trsmissio [5]. Obviously, these re coictig requiremets o fdig chels sice some kid of explicit or implicit time diversity, most ofte through bdwidth-eciet chel codig d iterlevig [6,7,8,6,9,2] must be provided for i order to bridge periods of deep chel fdes, especilly if te diversity is ot vilble. Here, we re cocered with dvced TDMA-bsed multiuser trsmissio of lierly modulted dt pckets over dispersive fdig chels. Ech pcket is ssumed to be heded by premble (P triig symbols) for sychroiztio d decoder iitiliztio purposes, followed by D trellis-ecoded d iterleved rdom dt symbols. If fster fdig must be hdled by the receiver, dditiol triig segmet oflegthp 2 my hve to be ppeded t the ed of the pcket so s to miti correct receiver syc [0]. Usig iterleved trellis codes with lrge eective code legth (ECL) combied with frequecy hoppig (FH) d feedforwrd receiver sychroiztio costitutes very eective tifdig techique [2]. Recetly, computtiolly-eciet combied equliztio d (CED) lgorithm hs bee proposed by Mehl [5] d developed further by the uthor [3,]. I the CED scheme, the block iterlever mtrix must hve specil structure tilored to the pcket legth F d the survivor depth S of the Viterbi decoder (Fig. 2 below) [5]. Sice S must be lrge w.r.t. the code costrit legth, the iterlever size d thus the ltecy must lso be lrge i order to chieve er-optiml decoder performce. For istce, survivor depth of S=20-30 leds to ltecy i excess of 00 ms if the pckets re trsferred i GSM-like time slot formt [4]. I the ew M-CED preseted here, the ltecy F J is reduced by fctor of Z by mes of per-survivor processig (PSP). The survivor depth S = Z J c be kept lrge by retrdig the l decoder decisios util Z rows i the deiterlever mtrix hve bee processed. The opertio of the covetiol CED c be iterpreted s joit equliztio d lgorithm tht cosiders oe equlizer stte per code stte. The equlizer portio therefore opertes i the mer of decisio-feedbck equlizer (DFE). I the cse of ucoded modultio, the soclled M -lgorithm is kow to improve o the DFE performce by keepig M>equlizer sttes i the survivor memory [,2,8]. Iterestigly, the performce of the optiml but much more complex Viterbi equlizer is pproched very quickly lredy for very smll M, provided tht suitble receiver prelterig is performed i frot of the equlizer [3,9]. Applyig the M-lgorithm cocept to combied equliztio d leds to turl extesio of the CED, termed M-CED lgorithm, where M equlizer sttes per code stte re kept i the survivor memory. Itroducig both per-survivor processig d the M-lgorithm cocept hs the potetil of reducig the ltecy d simulteously improvig the BER performce. 2 Sigl Trsmissio d System Model The block digrm of the etire trsmissio system is outlied i Fig.. The iput bits b i re trellis-ecoded d mpped oto PSK or QAM dt symbols i (idex i: o-iterleved time scle) which re writte row-wise ito the block iterlever mtrix. After ddig triig segmets for sychroiztio, the chel symbols k (idex k: iterleved chel symbol time scle) re red out colum-wise d coverted to rte-2=t symbol strem which is ltered by thelowpss- equivlet physicl chel h(k) whose memory sps L symbol itervls. The received T=2-spced sigl r k is preltered i the detectio pth by the time-vrit chel mtched lter (MF) m(k), d, followig decimtio to rte =T, the whiteig lter (WF) w(k). Assumig idel lters, the cscde of rte coverter, chel h(k), MF m(k), rte decimtor d WF w(k) yields cusl, miimum phse equivlet T -spced
2 Trsmitter d Chel b i iput bits Trellis Ecoder / Modultor Block Iterlever Receiver (o te diversity) r k mtched filter (MF) m(k) m feedforwrd sychroiztio whiteig filter (WF) 2 w(k) w f v k equlizer iput sigl k k 2 h(k) r k chel symbols (M)-CED Algorithm physicl chel smpled received sigl b i decoded bits Figure : Trsmissio System d Receiver Structure chel impulse respose f(k) [7,9] so tht the resultig rte-=t sigl v k (see Fig. ) c be expressed s v k = l=0 f l (k) k + k = T (k) f(k)+ k () where k is the whiteed oise behid the WF. The chel ccess scheme d pcket durtio ssumed here re orieted t the GSM system [4]: throughput 270 kbit/s/crrier, 8 TDMA pckets per crrier, 4.65 ms spcig betwee pckets pertiig to user, pcket legth 577 s. However, here the dt bits re trellis-ecoded d lierly modulted. Sice ech symbol cotis two iformtio bits, the symbol rte is hlved to =T =35 kbd so tht F =74 symbols plus gurd time of 4.25 symbol itervls c be ccomodted i oe GSM time slot. The triig segmets re desiged for er-optiml feedforwrd receiver sychroiztio. Feedforwrd syc is most dvtgeous sice it elimites syc error propgtio preset i decisio-directed chel estimtors, ebles frequecy-hoppig, d is more robust gist fdig. Moreover, the premble c be used for iitiliztio of the decisio-directed ISI ccelltio procedure described below. Here, pcket of legth F =74 is ssumed to coti two triig segmets (pre- d postmble, Fig. 2) comprisig P =9 d P 2 =7 symbols, respectively. From these triig segmets, chel estimtes h(k) (here 0-dim. vectors spig L=4 symbol itervls) re computed for some positios k withi the dt block. The ^h(k) so obtied re the mpped oto MF-, WF- d equlizer coeciet sets m(k) w(k) f(k) [0]. As test simultios hve show, oly four chel/mf coeciet sets^h(k), m(k) d oly two WF/equlizer coeciet sets w(k) (9-dim.), f(k) (4-dim.) eed to be geerted per pcket to chieve qusi-optiml syc performce. For this study, two trellis codes hve bee selected tht re very eective i fdig eviromets due to their lrge eective code legths (ECL). The rst code ("8-PSK") is rte- 2/3, 6-stte, 8-PSK Ugerboeck code[20] with symptoticl gi (AWGN chel) 4. db d ECL 3. The secod code ("6-QAM") by Moher d Lodge [6] is 2rte-/2, 26-stte, 24-PAM (6-QAM) code with symptoticl gi 3.4 db d ECL 5. 3 The Covetiol CED Algorithm The structure of the block iterlever mtrix d the process of equliztio d s performed by Mehl's CED lgorithm [5] is illustrted i Fig. 2. Combied Equliztio/Decodig (CED) WF output umber of rows F=P+D v v v v v v v WF output sigl... fil symbol decisios vv v v v v v v =v - Σ f (k). l v v v v v v k-l v iterlever legth J = survivor depth S symbols i chel memory premble symb. i survivor memory directio of process sy. i survivor memory ISI compested symbol iterlever L... depth = D k k l= v postmble 2 Figure 2: CED Algorithm The frequecy-hopped TDMA pckets form the colums of the iterlever mtrix so tht the umber ofrows (icludig triig) is F = P +D where P deotes the totl umber of triig symbols per pcket (here P = P + P 2 =6, D=58). The iterlever depth is therefore the umber D of ecoded dt symbols i pcket. As soo s the deiterlever mtrix hs bee lled with J received d preprocessed pckets (smples v k, see Fig. 2), the row-wise equliztio d process begis. Ech itertio i ; ; i strts with DFE-like equliztio step where the ISI is cceled by subtrctig the ISI postcursors from v k : ^ k = k + f l (k) k;l + k ; f l (k) ~ k;l l= v k l= ISI estimte = k + k if ~ k;l = k;l (2) The ISI estimte is formed vi the l (thus more relible) symbol decisios ~ k;l (l = ::: L)"bove" the curret symbol k. Assumig idel prelterig d correct l
3 decisios, the ISI-cceled smple ^ k is just oisy replic of the trsmitted symbol k,sotht^ k c be pssed o to the Viterbi decoder. Switchig to decoder idexig k ; i d usig the ISIcceled smple ^ i =^ k, metric icremets m i ssocited with stte trsitios m ; re computed d dded to the previous pth metrics m i; so s to form "exteded" pth metrics m i.from the pths mergig i successor stte, the pth with the best metric is selected d its survivor bit sequece b i = fb i b i; :::g s wellsits survivor chel symbol sequece i = f i i; ::: g is stored i the survivor memory. I order to be ble to perform ISI ccelltio v k ; ^ k s described bove, the chel symbols k;l "bove" the curret smple v k, i prticulr k;,must be kow. Sice k; = i;j, the CED geertes l symbol decisio ~ i;j o survivor symbols i;j before metric computtio c be performed. Therefore, the survivor memory of the Viterbi decoder must be tructed to survivor depth S J ot lrger th the iterlever legth J. Ner-optiml decoder performce is obtied for survivor depths S tht re severl times lrger th the code costrit legth. If the GSM-like trsmissio formt d trellis codes described bove re used, survivor depths (umber of pckets per iterlever block) i the order of led to ltecies i excess of 00 ms which is hrdly tolerble for speech trsmissio. Ltecies below 50 ms cll for tructig the survivor depth to o more th S=0 symbols. I Fig. 3, the simulted BER performce of the etire receiver with covetiol CED d frequecy-hopped pcket trsmissio over the GSM hilly-terri chel s specied by CEPT[4]isshow for the 8-PSK code. Curves re displyed for survivor depths of S=25 (er-optiml, 25 ms ltecy), 0 (50 ms) d 5 (25 ms), d for Doppler frequecies of 200 Hz (900/800 MHz: 250/25 km/h) d 400 Hz. Figure 3: BER Performce of CED, 8-PSK Code From the gure d similr results for the 6-QAM code (ot show here), oe observes the followig: The receiver is robust gist fdig up to Doppler frequecies of t lest 200 Hz (reltive Doppler :50 ;3 ). At higher Doppler, chel estimtio d thus receiver syc experieces degrdtio. Without frequecy hoppig, BER degrdtio results for Doppler below 50 Hz due to isuciet iterlevig. Uder idel coditios (S=25, Doppler 200Hz), the 6-QAM code with ECL 5 (8/2 db SNR re eeded to obti BER of 0 ;2 /0 ;4 ) performs better th the 8-PSK code with ECL 3 (9/3 db SNR for BER 0 ;2 /0 ;4 ). The BER degrdtio resultig from tructig the survivor depth is substtil due to its lrger costrit legth, the 6-QAM code is more sesitive th the 8-PSK code. These results reect trdeo betwee ltecy d performce which eeds to be improved upo if qusioptiml performce t lower delys is desired. 4 The New M-CED Algorithm with Per-Survivor Processig I order to circumvet the dely limittios of the covetiol CED, the lgorithm is modied i two wys. As discussed bove, the symbols k;l "bove" the curret smple v k must be kow (see Fig. 2) i order to perform ISI ccelltio. Now isted of formig l decisios ~ k;l =~ i;lj by survivor memory tructio, the cocept of per-survivor-processig (PSP) is ivoked, i.e. the symbols k;l = i;lj cotied i the survivor memory i re used for survivor-depedet ISI ccelltio: ^ k = v k ; f l (k) k;l (3) l= survivor-depedet ISI estimte By such, the survivor memory my be exteded to more th oe row i the deiterlever mtrix. The process of equliztio d of the CED lgorithm with PSP is illustrted i Fig. 4. I the gure, the survivor memory is exteded to Z rows so tht the survivor depth becomes S = Z J. Therefore, J d thus the ltecy c be reduced without hvig to tructe the survivor memory. However, J must ot be smller th the code ECL i order to provide for suciet iterlevig remember tht the symbols k;l = i;lj i oe colum ted to fde simulteously sice they belog to the sme pcket. The secod modictio to the CED lgorithm is motivted by the fct tht lrge percetge of symbols k;l = i;lj i the chel memory "bove" v k my ifctbe wrog sice they belog to survivors edig i icorrect code stte. This is best explied vi exmple of survivors i the code trellis digrm s displyed i Fig. 5. Sice J is ow smller th the survivor depth S, my of the survivor pths pertiig to code sttes hve ot yet merged t istts i ; J, i ; 2J, ::: so tht their ssocited survivor symbols i, i prticulr k; = i;j k;2 = i;2j ::: i the chel memory "bove" v k,my dier from those of the correct pth. Usig these symbols k;l = i;lj for survivordepedet ISI ccelltio therefore yields icorrectly "compested" smples ^ i so tht the metrics computed from ^ i re likewise icorrect. A elegt remedy is foud by recogizig tht collectio of symbols k;l (l = ::: L) i the chel memory c be iterpreted s equlizer stte, just like i the cse of ucoded modultio. I this cotext, the ISI ccelltio mechism of the CED is ideticl to the opertio of decisio-feedbck equlizer (DFE) sice oly oe equlizer stte is kept per code stte. At the other ed of the complexity scle, the full-edged Viterbi equlizer (VE) [4] keeps
4 (M-)CED Algorithm with Per-Survivor- Processig WF output umber of rows F=P+D v v v v v v v v WF voutput v vsigl v v v... fil symbol decisios iterlever legth J survivor depth S=Z J symbols i chel memory sy. i survivor memory ISI compested symbol premble symb. i survivor memory directio of process L... iterlever =v - depth = D Σ f (k). v v,k v k l,k-l v v v v v l= postmble 2 Figure 4: The (M-)CED Algorithm with PSP Q L equlizer sttes per code stte, where Q is the crdility of the symbol lphbet (here 8 or 6) d L the chel memory (here 4). Fortutely, it is ot ecessry to implemet the VE sice it hs bee show tht keepig smll umber M of equlizer sttes lredy yields qusioptiml performce [,2,8]. Therefore, it seems resoble to exted this M-lgorithm cocept lso to joit equliztio d. This leds to the M-CED lgorithm where M survivors (equlizer sttes) re kept per code stte. At ech itertio i; ; i, the M survivors m i; (m = ::: M)ofechcodestte re used to perform M ssocited ISI ccelltios yieldig smples ^ m i.from these, M exteded pth metrics for ech possible stte trsitio re computed i the Viterbi decoder. Depedig o the code trellis, umber (8-PSK code: 4M, 6-QAM code: 2M) of pths merge i ech successor stte. Of these mergig pths, the M pths with best metrics re selected d their survivors stored for the ext itertio. 5 Receiver Performce The bit error performce results reported here re of prelimiry ture s yet, oly few trsmissio scerios hve bee ivestigted i simultio experimets. Simultios hve bee coducted for the GSM hilly terri chel [4] (mild ISI spig L=4 symbol itervls) oly. Also, the simultio of referece curves for idel chel estimtio will hve to be completed i the er future. Nevertheless, the beets of the M-CED lgorithm with PSP d the impct of some importt prmeters do become ppret from the results lredy obtied. Here, BER results re show for the etire digitl receiver with feedforwrd syc d M-CED joit equliztio d Exmple of Survivor Pths i Code Trellis,k-3 i-3j,k-2 i-2j survivor depth S,k- i-j iterlever legth J,k i code stte time idex i Figure 5: Exmple of Survivors i the Code Trellis Digrm. Iterlever legths of J=5, 0 d 25 hve bee tested the survivor depth S is xed t 25. The BER curves for the 8-PSK code (ECL 3) re give i Figs. 6 d 7 for Doppler frequecies of (up to) 200 d for 400 Hz, respectively. Figure 6: M-CED, 8-PSK Code, 200 Hz Agi, the receiver is see to be robust gist fdig up to Doppler frequecies of t lest 200 Hz (reltive Doppler :5 0 ;3 ). The BER degrdtio t fster fdig (Doppler 400 Hz) is etirely due to the compromized qulity of receiver sychroiztio. Cocerig the 8-PSK code (ECL 3), oe observes the followig: The use of per-survivor processig (PSP) lredy yields substtil gis w.r.t. the covetiol CED, especilly for smll iterlever depths J. Applyig the M-lgorithm cocept yields dditiol gis, d the BER curves "coverge" rpidly: beyod M =4, further performce gis re very mrgil so tht M =4 is the best compromize betwee complexity
5 Figure 7: M-CED, 8-PSK Code, 400 Hz d performce. The M-CED yields gis ot oly for smll J but lso for lrge J = S=25 For J = S=25, 8-PSK d Doppler 200 Hz, the M-CED (Fig. 6) is see to be superior to the CED by bout db. The M-CED with J=5 performs pproximtely s well s the CED with J=0, d the M-CED with J=0 s well s the CED with J=25 so tht, by virtue of the M-CED, the ltecy c be reduced by fctor of 2 to 2.5 without scricig the BER performce. The results (ot show here) for the 6-QAM code (ECL 5) revel the followig: The gis obtied by virtue of PSP re oticeble (especilly for J=0) but re smller th for the 8-PSK code. The dditiol M-CED gis (M ) re lso smller th for 8-PSK, but the BER curves "coverge" eve fster here, M=2 is the best compromize betwee complexity d performce. The ltecy reductio fctors re smller (usully 2) th for the 8-PSK code. Oly t 400 Hz Doppler d with J=0, the ltecy c be reduced by fctor of 2 without compromizig BER performce (the M-CED [J=0] performs lmost s well s the CED [J=25]). I summry, the M-CED lgorithm sigictly improves o the trdeo betwee ltecy d performce whereby qusioptiml performce c be chieved t lower delys. Iterestigly, the results revel other trdeo, viz. betwee ltecy d eective code legth (ECL). Without dely limittios, codes with lrge ECL re kow to yield the best performce o fdig chels due to their high degree of iheret time diversity. However, lrge ECL's c become couterproductive whe it comes to miimizig the ltecy. The results obtied so fr clerly idicte tht, uder severe dely costrits, the 8-PSK code with smller ECL ( smller costrit legth) should be preferred to the 6-QAM code. 6 Coclusios A digitl receiver icludig feedforwrd syc, receiver pre- lterig d M-CED processig hs bee studied. BER simultio results give isight ito the eect of the iterlever legth J (thus ltecy), umber M of equlizer sttes, d the choice of trellis codes with dieret ECL's. I summry, the receiver with feedforwrd sychroiztio d the ew M-CED lgorithm hs bee show to be good cdidte for 3-rd geertio digitl mobile/persol rdio sice, prt from beig robust gist fdig, it combies the dvtges of good BER performce with low dely d moderte cost of implemettio. Refereces [] Aderso, J.B. d Moh, S. Sequetil Codig Algorithms: Survey d Cost Alysis. IEEE Trs. Commu., Vol. COM-32, No. 2, pp. 69{76, Feb [2] Bier, A. d Heirich, G. Performce of M-Algorithm MLSE Equlizers i Frequecy-Selective Fdig Mobile Rdio Chels. I Proc. ICC, pp. 28{284, 989. [3] Bergms, J.W.M., Rjput, S.A., d v de Lr, F.A.M. O the Use of Decisio Feedbck for Simplifyig the Viterbi Detector. Philips J. Res., Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 399{428, 987. [4] CEPT/ETSI. GSM recommedtios 5.x, 988. [5] Chi, S. The Uiversl Mobile Telecommuictio System. IEEE Commuictios Mgzie, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 54{62, Dec [6] Divslr, D d Simo, M.K. The Desig of Trellis Coded MPSK for Fdig Chels: Performce Criteri. IEEE Trs. Commu., Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 004{0, Sep [7] Divslr, D d Simo, M.K. The Desig of Trellis Coded MPSK for Fdig Chels: Set Prtitioig for Optimum Code Desig. IEEE Trs. Commu., Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 03{02, Sep [8] Du, J. dvucetic, B. Trellis Coded 6-QAM for Fdig Chels. Europe Trs. Telecommu., Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 335{34, My-Ju [9] Fechtel, S.A. d Meyr, H. A Ivestigtio of Ner-Optiml Receiver Structures Usig the M-Algorithm for Equliztio of Dispersive Fdig Chels. I Proc. EUSIPCO'92, pp. 603{606, Brussels, Belgium, Aug [0] Fechtel, S.A. d Meyr, H. Optiml Prmetric Feedforwrd Estimtio of Frequecy-Selective Fdig Rdio Chels. IEEE Trs. Commu., Vol. 42, No. 2/3/4, pp. 639{650, Feb./Mr./Apr [] Fechtel, S.A. d Meyr, H. Combied Equliztio, Decodig d Ate Diversity Combiig for Mobile / Persol Digitl Rdio Trsmissio usig Feedforwrd Sychroiztio. I Proc. IEEE It. Cof. Vehicul. Techol., VTC'93, pp. 633{636, Secucus, NJ, USA, My 993. [2] Fechtel, S.A. d Meyr, H. Mtched Filter Boud for Trellis-Coded Trsmissio over Frequecy-Selective Fdig Chels with Diversity. Europe Trs. Telecomm., Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 09{20, My-Jue 993. [3] Fechtel, S.A. d Meyr, H. A ew Mobile Digitl Rdio Trsceiver Cocept usig Low-Complexity Combied Equliztio / Trellis Decodig d Ner-Optiml Receiver Syc Strtegy. I Proc. IEEE It. Cof. Persol, Idoor d Mobile Rdio Comm., PIMRC'92, pp. 382{386, Bosto, MA, USA, Oct [4] Forey, G.D. Mximum-Likelihood Sequece Estimtio of Digitl Sequeces i the Presece of Itersymbol Iterferece. IEEE Trs. Iform. Theory, Vol. IT-8, No. 3, pp. 363{378, My 972. [5] Mehl, R. d Meyr, H. Combied Equliztio / Decodig of Trellis Coded Modultio o Frequecy Selective Fdig Chels. I Coded Modultio d Bdwidth-Eciet Trsmissio, pp. 34{352, Tirrei, Itly, Sep. 99. [6] Moher, M.L. d Lodge, J.H. TCMP- A Modultio d Codig Strtegy for Rici Fdig Chels. IEEE J. Sel. Ares Commu., Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 347{355, Dec [7] Prokis, J.G. Digitl Commuictios. McGrw-Hill, 989. [8] Suer-Gre, W. Optimle ud suboptimle Empfger fur verzerrte ud gestorte Dtesigle uter besoderer Berucksichtigug der ufwdsreduzierte Detektio mittels M-Algorithmus. PhD thesis, Kisersluter Uiversity, My 989. [9] Schlegel, C. d Costello, D.J. Bdwidth Eciet Codig for Fdig Chels: Code Costructio d Performce Alysis. IEEE J. Sel. Ares Commu., Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 356{368, Dec [20] Ugerboeck, G. Chel Codig with Multilevel/Phse Sigls. IEEE Trs. Iform. Theory, Vol. IT-28, pp. 55{67, J [2] Vucetic, B. d Du, J. Performce Bouds d New 6-QAM Trellis Codes for Fdig Chels. I Coded Modultio d Bdwidth-Eciet Trsmissio, pp. 353{363, Tirrei, Itly, Sep. 99.
TCOM370. Solutions to Homework 99-1
COM7 Solutios to Homework 99- Problem hops (poit-to-poit liks) betwee two termils odes; rsmissio rte 96 bps o ll liks; overhed bits [Heder + riler] for ech pcket; ms per-hop sigl propgtio dely. sec. Cll
More informationAQA Level 2 Further mathematics Further algebra. Section 3: Inequalities and indices
AQA Level Further mthemtics Further lgebr Sectio : Iequlities d idices Notes d Emples These otes coti subsectios o Iequlities Lier iequlities Qudrtic iequlities Multiplyig epressios The rules of idices
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF DIGITAL MODULATION TYPES USING THE WAVELET TRANSFORM
IDENTIFICATION OF DIGITAL MODULATION TYPES USING THE WAVELET TRANSFORM Lig Hog K.C. Ho Deprtmet of Electricl Egieerig, Uiversity of Missouri-Columbi, Columbi MO 65, USA ABSTRACT Automtic idetifictio of
More informationThroughput-Delay Analysis of a Multi-Channel Packet CDMA Scheme in a Fading Environment
Throughput-Dely Alysis of Multi-Chel Pcet CDMA Scheme i Fdig Eviromet Weipig u, A. Chocligm y, d Lurece B. Milstei Deprtmet of Electricl d Computer Egieerig Uiversity of Clifori, S Diego 9500 Gilm Drive,
More informationApplication of Superposition Coding for Subcarrier and Bit Allocation in Downlink OFDM Systems
Applictio of Superpositio Codig for Subcrrier d Bit Alloctio i Dowli OFDM Systems r Nthwi, Member, IACSIT, Adity Trivedi, d lp Goyl, Member, IACSIT Abstrct Ohogol frequecy divisio multiplexig (OFDM) is
More informationApplication of Level Shifted Modulation Strategies for Switching of Stacked Multicell Converter (SMC)
Applictio of Level hifted Modultio trtegies for witchig of tcked Multicell Coverter (MC) Ritesh C. Ujwe, Prg G. hewe, Asst. Professor, Deprtmet of Electricl Egieerig, Dr.Bbsheb Ambedkr College of Egieerig
More informationShuli s Math Problem Solving Column
Shuli s Mth Problem Solvig Colum Volume, Issue Jue, 9 Edited d Authored by Shuli Sog Colordo Sprigs, Colordo shuli_sog@yhoocom Cotets Mth Trick: Metl Clcultio: b cd Mth Competitio Skill: Divisibility by
More informationx y z HD(x, y) + HD(y, z) HD(x, z)
Massachusetts Istitute of Techology Departmet of Electrical Egieerig ad Computer Sciece 6.02 Solutios to Chapter 5 Updated: February 16, 2012 Please sed iformatio about errors or omissios to hari; questios
More informationThe Solution of the More General Traveling Salesman Problem
AMSE JOURNALS 04-Series: Adces A; Vol. ; N ; pp -40 Submitted No. 0; Reised Dec., 0; Accepted July 0, 04 The Solutio of the More Geerl Trelig Slesm Problem C. Feg, J. Lig,.Deprtmet of Bsic Scieces d Applied
More informationA New Space-Repetition Code Based on One Bit Feedback Compared to Alamouti Space-Time Code
Proceedigs of the 4th WSEAS It. Coferece o Electromagetics, Wireless ad Optical Commuicatios, Veice, Italy, November 0-, 006 107 A New Space-Repetitio Code Based o Oe Bit Feedback Compared to Alamouti
More informationA Reduced Complexity Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems with Precoding and Transmit Diversity in Mobile Wireless Channels Hlaing Minn, Dong In Kim an
A Reduced Complexity Chael Estimatio for OFDM Systems with Precodig ad Trasmit Diversity i Mobile Wireless Chaels Hlaig Mi, Dog I Kim ad Vijay K. Bhargava Departmet of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig,
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad
Hll Ticket No Question Pper Code: AEC009 INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigl, Hyderd - 500 043 MODEL QUESTION PAPER Four Yer B.Tech V Semester End Exmintions, Novemer - 2018 Regultions:
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE UNDERSTANDING EFFECTIVE BITS
APPLICATION NOTE AN95091 INTRODUCTION UNDERSTANDING EFFECTIVE BITS Toy Girard, Sigatec, Desig ad Applicatios Egieer Oe criteria ofte used to evaluate a Aalog to Digital Coverter (ADC) or data acquisitio
More informationSELEX Elsag. 5/18/2012 R. Pucci SDR 12 WinnComm 1
SELEX Elsag 5/18/01 R. Pucci SDR 1 WiComm 1 Military BU - SELEX Elsag Possible update of SDR Platforms to COGNITIVE architectures COGNITIVE MANAGER INTERFACE Geolocatio, Voice, Video, etc Applicatio Policy
More informationECE 333: Introduction to Communication Networks Fall Lecture 4: Physical layer II
ECE 333: Itroductio to Commuicatio Networks Fall 22 Lecture : Physical layer II Impairmets - distortio, oise Fudametal limits Examples Notes: his lecture cotiues the discussio of the physical layer. Recall,
More informationMAXIMUM FLOWS IN FUZZY NETWORKS WITH FUNNEL-SHAPED NODES
MAXIMUM FLOWS IN FUZZY NETWORKS WITH FUNNEL-SHAPED NODES Romn V. Tyshchuk Informtion Systems Deprtment, AMI corportion, Donetsk, Ukrine E-mil: rt_science@hotmil.com 1 INTRODUCTION During the considertion
More informationGENERALIZED FOURIER SERIES A USEFUL MATHEMATICAL TOOL IN POWER ELECTRONICS
GEERALIZED FOURIER SERIES A USEFUL MATHEMATICAL TOOL I POWER ELECTROICS A. J Iwszkiewicz, B. Jcek Perz, C. Muel Perez Dosió. The Electrotechicl Istitute, Gdsk Brch, Pold. Electricl Egieerig Deprtmet, Vigo
More informationLossless image compression Using Hashing (using collision resolution) Amritpal Singh 1 and Rachna rajpoot 2
Lossless image compressio Usig Hashig (usig collisio resolutio) Amritpal Sigh 1 ad Racha rajpoot 2 1 M.Tech.* CSE Departmet, 2 Departmet of iformatio techology Guru Kashi UiversityTalwadi Sabo, Bathida
More informationCall Admission Control for Real Time Multimedia Services with Variable Bit Rate in WCDMA Systems
Cll Adissio Cotrol for Rel Tie Multiedi Services with Vrible Bit Rte i WCDMA Systes Che Y. ee d Ki Wo Sug Dept. of Idustril Egieerig, KAIST 7-, Guseog-dog, Dejeo, Kore che@kist.c.kr, kwsug@kist.c.kr Abstrct
More information2016 2Q Wireless Communication Engineering. #10 Spread Spectrum & Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
16 Q Wireless Communiction Engineering #1 Spred Spectrum & Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA Kei Skguchi skguchi@mobile.ee. July 9, 16 Course Schedule ( Dte ext Contents #7 July 15 4.6 Error correction
More informationFingerprint Classification Based on Directional Image Constructed Using Wavelet Transform Domains
7 Figerprit Classificatio Based o Directioal Image Costructed Usig Wavelet Trasform Domais Musa Mohd Mokji, Syed Abd. Rahma Syed Abu Bakar, Zuwairie Ibrahim 3 Departmet of Microelectroic ad Computer Egieerig
More informationCombined Scheme for Fast PN Code Acquisition
13 th Iteratioal Coferece o AEROSPACE SCIENCES & AVIATION TECHNOLOGY, ASAT- 13, May 6 8, 009, E-Mail: asat@mtc.edu.eg Military Techical College, Kobry Elkobbah, Cairo, Egypt Tel : +(0) 4059 4036138, Fax:
More informationCHAPTER 5 A NEAR-LOSSLESS RUN-LENGTH CODER
95 CHAPTER 5 A NEAR-LOSSLESS RUN-LENGTH CODER 5.1 GENERAL Ru-legth codig is a lossless image compressio techique, which produces modest compressio ratios. Oe way of icreasig the compressio ratio of a ru-legth
More informationA NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR INCREASING USER CAPACITY FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION BASED ON SMART ANTENNA
Itertiol Jourl of Advced eserch i Computer Egieerig & Techology A NOE TECNIQUE FO INCEASING USE CAPACITY FO MOBIE COMMUNICATION BASED ON SMAT ANTENNA rish T.S Studet, M.Tech Deprtmet of E&C. U.B.D.T College
More informationAn Application of Assignment Problem in Laptop Selection Problem Using MATLAB
Applied themtics d Scieces: A Itertiol Jourl (thsj ), Vol., No., rch 05 A Applictio of Assigmet Problem i ptop Selectio Problem Usig ATAB ABSTRAT Ghdle Kirtiwt P, uley Yogesh The ssigmet selectio problem
More informationCancellation of Multiuser Interference due to Carrier Frequency Offsets in Uplink OFDMA
Cacellatio of Multiuser Iterferece due to Carrier Frequecy Offsets i Upli OFDMA S. Maohar, V. Tiiya, D. Sreedhar, ad A. Chocaligam Departmet of ECE, Idia Istitute of Sciece, Bagalore 56001, INDIA Abstract
More informationMulti-beam antennas in a broadband wireless access system
Multi-em ntenns in rodnd wireless ccess system Ulrik Engström, Mrtin Johnsson, nders Derneryd nd jörn Johnnisson ntenn Reserch Center Ericsson Reserch Ericsson SE-4 84 Mölndl Sweden E-mil: ulrik.engstrom@ericsson.com,
More informationExample. Check that the Jacobian of the transformation to spherical coordinates is
lss, given on Feb 3, 2, for Mth 3, Winter 2 Recll tht the fctor which ppers in chnge of vrible formul when integrting is the Jcobin, which is the determinnt of mtrix of first order prtil derivtives. Exmple.
More information4. INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE
DATA COMMUNICATIONS 59 4. INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE 4.1 OBJECT The effects of restricted badwidth i basebad data trasmissio will be studied. Measuremets relative to itersymbol iterferece, usig the eye patter
More informationIntermediate Information Structures
Modified from Maria s lectures CPSC 335 Itermediate Iformatio Structures LECTURE 11 Compressio ad Huffma Codig Jo Roke Computer Sciece Uiversity of Calgary Caada Lecture Overview Codes ad Optimal Codes
More informationA New Design of Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Antenna
Joural of Commuicatio Egieerig, Vol., No., Ja.-Jue 0 67 A New Desig of Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Atea Javad Ghalibafa, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi, ad Seyed Hassa Sedighy Departmet of Electrical Egieerig,
More informationDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University. ECE 3150: Microelectronics. Spring Due on April 26, 2018 at 7:00 PM
Departmet of Electrical ad omputer Egieerig, orell Uiersity EE 350: Microelectroics Sprig 08 Homework 0 Due o April 6, 08 at 7:00 PM Suggested Readigs: a) Lecture otes Importat Notes: ) MAKE SURE THAT
More informationApplication of Improved Genetic Algorithm to Two-side Assembly Line Balancing
206 3 rd Iteratioal Coferece o Mechaical, Idustrial, ad Maufacturig Egieerig (MIME 206) ISBN: 978--60595-33-7 Applicatio of Improved Geetic Algorithm to Two-side Assembly Lie Balacig Ximi Zhag, Qia Wag,
More informationGeneral Model :Algorithms in the Real World. Applications. Block Codes
Geeral Model 5-853:Algorithms i the Real World Error Correctig Codes I Overview Hammig Codes Liear Codes 5-853 Page message (m) coder codeword (c) oisy chael decoder codeword (c ) message or error Errors
More informationMeasurement of Equivalent Input Distortion AN 20
Measuremet of Equivalet Iput Distortio AN 2 Applicatio Note to the R&D SYSTEM Traditioal measuremets of harmoic distortio performed o loudspeakers reveal ot oly the symptoms of the oliearities but also
More informationBeam Pattern Scanning (BPS) versus Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) and Space-Time Trellis Coding (STTC)
It. J. Commuicatios, Network ad System Scieces, 2009, 6, 469-479 doi:10.4236/ijcs.2009.26051 Published Olie September 2009 (http://www.scirp.org/joural/ijcs/). 469 Beam Patter Scaig (BPS) versus Space-Time
More informationComparison of Frequency Offset Estimation Methods for OFDM Burst Transmission in the Selective Fading Channels
Compariso of Frequecy Offset Estimatio Methods for OFDM Burst Trasmissio i the Selective Fadig Chaels Zbigiew Długaszewski Istitute of Electroics ad Telecommuicatios Pozań Uiversity of Techology 60-965
More informationStudy on SLT calibration method of 2-port waveguide DUT
Interntionl Conference on Advnced Electronic cience nd Technology (AET 206) tudy on LT clibrtion method of 2-port wveguide DUT Wenqing Luo, Anyong Hu, Ki Liu nd Xi Chen chool of Electronics nd Informtion
More informationCh 9 Sequences, Series, and Probability
Ch 9 Sequeces, Series, ad Probability Have you ever bee to a casio ad played blackjack? It is the oly game i the casio that you ca wi based o the Law of large umbers. I the early 1990s a group of math
More informationExample: Modulo 11: Since Z p is cyclic, there is a generator. Let g be a generator of Z p.
Qudrtic Residues Defiitio: The umbers 0, 1,,, ( mod, re clled udrtic residues modulo Numbers which re ot udrtic residues modulo re clled udrtic o-residues modulo Exmle: Modulo 11: Itroductio to Number
More informationDesign of FPGA- Based SPWM Single Phase Full-Bridge Inverter
Desig of FPGA- Based SPWM Sigle Phase Full-Bridge Iverter Afarulrazi Abu Bakar 1, *,Md Zarafi Ahmad 1 ad Farrah Salwai Abdullah 1 1 Faculty of Electrical ad Electroic Egieerig, UTHM *Email:afarul@uthm.edu.my
More informationELEC 204 Digital Systems Design
Fall 2013, Koç Uiversity ELEC 204 Digital Systems Desig Egi Erzi College of Egieerig Koç Uiversity,Istabul,Turkey eerzi@ku.edu.tr KU College of Egieerig Elec 204: Digital Systems Desig 1 Today: Datapaths
More informationLogarithms APPENDIX IV. 265 Appendix
APPENDIX IV Logarithms Sometimes, a umerical expressio may ivolve multiplicatio, divisio or ratioal powers of large umbers. For such calculatios, logarithms are very useful. They help us i makig difficult
More informationModulation Analysis for Wireless Infrared Communications
Modulatio Aalysis for Wireless Ifrared Commuicatios Hyucheol Park ad Joh R. Barry School of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig Georgia Istitute of Techology Atlata, Georgia, 3033-050 ABSTRACT The chael model
More informationTIME: 1 hour 30 minutes
UNIVERSITY OF AKRON DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING 4400: 34 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Spring 07 SAMPLE FINAL EXAM TIME: hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS: () Write your nme
More informationHigh-speed Simulation of the GPRS Link Layer
989 High-speed Simultion of the GPRS Link Lyer J Gozlvez nd J Dunlop Deprtment of Electronic nd Electricl Engineering, University of Strthclyde 204 George St, Glsgow G-lXW, Scotlnd Tel: +44 4 548 206,
More informationPROJECT #2 GENERIC ROBOT SIMULATOR
Uiversity of Missouri-Columbia Departmet of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig ECE 7330 Itroductio to Mechatroics ad Robotic Visio Fall, 2010 PROJECT #2 GENERIC ROBOT SIMULATOR Luis Alberto Rivera Estrada
More informationSummary of Random Variable Concepts April 19, 2000
Summary of Radom Variable Cocepts April 9, 2000 his is a list of importat cocepts we have covered, rather tha a review that derives or explais them. he first ad primary viewpoit: A radom process is a idexed
More informationPulse-echo Ultrasonic NDE of Adhesive Bonds in Automotive Assembly
ECNDT 6 - Poster 7 Pulse-echo Ultrasoic NDE of Adhesive Bods i Automotive Assembly Roma Gr. MAEV, Sergey TITOV, Uiversity of Widsor, Widsor, Caada Abstract. Recetly, adhesive bodig techology has begu to
More informationX-Bar and S-Squared Charts
STATGRAPHICS Rev. 7/4/009 X-Bar ad S-Squared Charts Summary The X-Bar ad S-Squared Charts procedure creates cotrol charts for a sigle umeric variable where the data have bee collected i subgroups. It creates
More informationDecode-forward and Compute-forward Coding Schemes for the Two-Way Relay Channel
Decode-forward ad Compute-forward Codig Schemes for the Two-Way Relay Chael Peg Zhog ad Mai Vu Departmet of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig McGill Uiversity Motreal, QC, Caada H3A A7 Emails: peg.zhog@mail.mcgill.ca,
More informationIntroduction to Wireless Communication Systems ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 Winter 2003
troductio to Wireless Commuicatio ystems ECE 476/ECE 501C/C 513 Witer 2003 eview for Exam #1 March 4, 2003 Exam Details Must follow seatig chart - Posted 30 miutes before exam. Cheatig will be treated
More informationPerformance Analysis of Double Tuned Passive Filter for Power Quality
I J C T A, 9(7), 06, pp. 395-3305 Itertiol Sciece Press ISSN: 0974-557 Performce Alysis of Doule Tued Pssive Filter for Poer Qulity Kumr Reddy Cheepti*, Srdr Ali** d Sury Klvthi M.*** ABSTRACT Poer system
More information}, how many different strings of length n 1 exist? }, how many different strings of length n 2 exist that contain at least one a 1
1. [5] Give sets A ad B, each of cardiality 1, how may fuctios map A i a oe-tooe fashio oto B? 2. [5] a. Give the set of r symbols { a 1, a 2,..., a r }, how may differet strigs of legth 1 exist? [5]b.
More informationCHAPTER 8 JOINT PAPR REDUCTION AND ICI CANCELLATION IN OFDM SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 8 JOIT PAPR REDUCTIO AD ICI CACELLATIO I OFDM SYSTEMS Itercarrier Iterferece (ICI) is aother major issue i implemetig a OFDM system. As discussed i chapter 3, the OFDM subcarriers are arrowbad
More informationInterference Cancellation Method without Feedback Amount for Three Users Interference Channel
Open Access Librry Journl 07, Volume, e57 ISSN Online: -97 ISSN Print: -9705 Interference Cncelltion Method without Feedbc Amount for Three Users Interference Chnnel Xini Tin, otin Zhng, Wenie Ji School
More informationExperiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers
Experiment 3: Non-Idel Opertionl Amplifiers Fll 2009 Equivlent Circuits The bsic ssumptions for n idel opertionl mplifier re n infinite differentil gin ( d ), n infinite input resistnce (R i ), zero output
More informationA study on the efficient compression algorithm of the voice/data integrated multiplexer
A study o the efficiet compressio algorithm of the voice/data itegrated multiplexer Gyou-Yo CHO' ad Dog-Ho CHO' * Dept. of Computer Egieerig. KyiigHee Uiv. Kiheugup Yogiku Kyuggido, KOREA 449-71 PHONE
More informationADITIONS TO THE METHOD OF ELECTRON BEAM ENERGY MEASUREMENT USING RESONANT ABSORPTION OF LASER LIGHT IN A MAGNETIC FIELD.
ADITIONS TO THE METHOD OF ELECTRON BEAM ENERGY MEASUREMENT USING RESONANT ABSORPTION OF LASER LIGHT IN A MAGNETIC FIELD. Melikia R.A. (YerPhI Yereva) 1. NEW CONDITION OF RESONANT ABSORPTION Below we ca
More informationAlgorithms for Memory Hierarchies Lecture 14
Algorithms for emory Hierrchies Lecture 4 Lecturer: Nodri Sitchinv Scribe: ichel Hmnn Prllelism nd Cche Obliviousness The combintion of prllelism nd cche obliviousness is n ongoing topic of reserch, in
More informationE X P E R I M E N T 13
E X P E R I M E N T 13 Stadig Waves o a Strig Produced by the Physics Staff at Colli College Copyright Colli College Physics Departmet. All Rights Reserved. Uiversity Physics, Exp 13: Stadig Waves o a
More informationWavelet Transform. CSEP 590 Data Compression Autumn Wavelet Transformed Barbara (Enhanced) Wavelet Transformed Barbara (Actual)
Wavelet Trasform CSEP 59 Data Compressio Autum 7 Wavelet Trasform Codig PACW Wavelet Trasform A family of atios that filters the data ito low resolutio data plus detail data high pass filter low pass filter
More informationON THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACHIEVABLE CAPACITY AND DELAY IN MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS
Chapter ON THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACHIEVABLE CAPACITY AND DELAY IN MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS Xiaoju Li ad Ness B. Shroff School of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig, Purdue Uiversity West
More informationLETTER A Novel Adaptive Channel Estimation Scheme for DS-CDMA
1274 LETTER A Novel Adaptive Chael Estimatio Scheme for DS-CDMA Che HE a), Member ad Xiao-xiag LI, Nomember SUMMARY This paper proposes a adaptive chael estimatio scheme, which uses differet movig average
More informationPerformance Limits and Practical Decoding of Interleaved Reed-Solomon Polar Concatenated Codes
Performace Limits ad Practical Decodig of Iterleaved Reed-Solomo Polar Cocateated Codes Hessam Mahdavifar, Mostafa El-Khamy, Jugwo Lee, Iyup Kag 1 arxiv:1308.1144v1 [cs.it] 6 Aug 2013 Abstract A scheme
More informationInformation-Coupled Turbo Codes for LTE Systems
Informtion-Coupled Turbo Codes for LTE Systems Lei Yng, Yixun Xie, Xiowei Wu, Jinhong Yun, Xingqing Cheng nd Lei Wn rxiv:709.06774v [cs.it] 20 Sep 207 Abstrct We propose new clss of informtion-coupled
More informationExperiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers
Experiment 3: Non-Idel Opertionl Amplifiers 9/11/06 Equivlent Circuits The bsic ssumptions for n idel opertionl mplifier re n infinite differentil gin ( d ), n infinite input resistnce (R i ), zero output
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 4 Bttery Chrging Methods EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will be fmilir with the different chrging methods nd chrge-control techniques commonly used when chrging Ni-MI
More informationIndicator No mark Single preset Dual preset DIN W144 H72mm DIN W48 H96mm No mark DIN W72 H72mm (4 digit) (6 digit) Counter/Timer
FX/FX/FX Series DIN W7 7, W8 96, W 7mm er/timer Features 6 iput modes ad output modes ig speed: cps/cps/kcps/kcps Selectable voltage iput (PNP) or No voltage iput (NPN) dditio of Up/Dow iput mode Wide
More informationThe Fundamental Capacity-Delay Tradeoff in Large Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
The Fudametal Capacity-Delay Tradeoff i Large Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Xiaoju Li ad Ness B. Shroff School of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig, Purdue Uiversity West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A. {lix, shroff}@ec.purdue.edu
More informationEnergy Harvesting Two-Way Channels With Decoding and Processing Costs
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GREEN COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING, VOL., NO., MARCH 07 3 Energy Hrvesting Two-Wy Chnnels With Decoding nd Processing Costs Ahmed Arf, Student Member, IEEE, Abdulrhmn Bknin, Student
More informationQR based MIMO Receivers: A Survey of Complexity and Performance
QR based MIMO Receivers: A Survey of Complexity ad Performace M.Karthikeya a ad D.Saraswady b, * a Podicherry Egieerig College, Puducherry. Abstract Multiple Iput Multiple Output (MIMO) becomes a key techology
More informationPHY-MAC dialogue with Multi-Packet Reception
PHY-AC dialogue with ulti-packet Receptio arc Realp 1 ad Aa I. Pérez-Neira 1 CTTC-Cetre Tecològic de Telecomuicacios de Cataluya Edifici Nexus C/Gra Capità, - 0803-Barceloa (Cataluya-Spai) marc.realp@cttc.es
More information[MT93a, ALS94, Nie95, MNR95]. All these algorithms exploit kow characterizatios of extesios of default theories i terms of sets of geeratig defaults,
Miimal umber of permutatios suciet to compute all extesios a ite default theory Pawe l Cholewiski ad Miros law Truszczyski Departmet of Computer Sciece Uiversity of Ketucky Lexigto, KY 40506-0046 pawel
More informationSoft-decision Viterbi Decoding with Diversity Combining. T.Sakai, K.Kobayashi, S.Kubota, M.Morikura, S.Kato
Softdecision Viterbi Decoding with Diversity Combining T.Ski, K.Kobyshi, S.Kubot, M.Morikur, S.Kto NTT Rdio Communiction Systems Lbortories 2356 Tke, Yokosukshi, Kngw, 2383 Jpn ABSTRACT Diversity combining
More information11.11 Two-Channel Filter Banks 1/27
. Two-Chael Filter Baks /7 Two-Chael Filter Baks M We wat to look at methods that are ot based o the DFT I geeral we wat to look at Fig..6 rom Porat ad igure out how to choose i & i to get Perect Reco
More informationCompression Programs. Compression Outline. Multimedia. Lossless vs. Lossy. Encoding/Decoding. Analysis of Algorithms
Aalysis of Algorithms Compressio Programs File Compressio: Gzip, Bzip Archivers :Arc, Pkzip, Wirar, File Systems: NTFS Piyush Kumar (Lecture 5: Compressio) Welcome to 453 Source: Guy E. Blelloch, Emad,
More informationDelta- Sigma Modulator with Signal Dependant Feedback Gain
Delta- Sigma Modulator with Sigal Depedat Feedback Gai K.Diwakar #1 ad V.Vioth Kumar *2 # Departmet of Electroics ad Commuicatio Egieerig * Departmet of Electroics ad Istrumetatio Egieerig Vel Tech Uiversity,Cheai,
More information信號與系統 Signals and Systems
Sprig 2 信號與系統 Sigals ad Systems Chapter SS- Sigals ad Systems Feg-Li Lia NTU-EE Feb Ju Figures ad images used i these lecture otes are adopted from Sigals & Systems by Ala V. Oppeheim ad Ala S. Willsky,
More informationMixed CMOS PTL Adders
Anis do XXVI Congresso d SBC WCOMPA l I Workshop de Computção e Aplicções 14 20 de julho de 2006 Cmpo Grnde, MS Mixed CMOS PTL Adders Déor Mott, Reginldo d N. Tvres Engenhri em Sistems Digitis Universidde
More informationLecture 14. Design of audio WM Model of digital audio CO ( WAV-format): - dependent samples with frequency 44,1кHz, - amplitude of samples is
Lecture 14. Desig of audio WM Model of digital audio CO WAV-format: - depedet samples wit frequecy 44,1кHz, - amplitude of samples is quatized o 2 16 =65536 levels 16 bits Remark 1. Tere exists a lossy
More informationCooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
Cooperative Spectrum Sesig i Cogitive Radio Networks Ghurumuruha Gaesa ad Ye (Geoffrey) Li School of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig Georgia Istitute of Techology, Atlata, Georgia 30332 0250 Abstract I
More informationLecture 29: Diode connected devices, mirrors, cascode connections. Context
Lecture 9: Diode coected devices, mirrors, cascode coectios Prof J. S. Smith Cotext Today we will be lookig at more sigle trasistor active circuits ad example problems, ad the startig multi-stage amplifiers
More informationUnit 5: Estimating with Confidence
Uit 5: Estimatig with Cofidece Sectio 8.2 The Practice of Statistics, 4 th editio For AP* STARNES, YATES, MOORE Uit 5 Estimatig with Cofidece 8.1 8.2 8.3 Cofidece Itervals: The Basics Estimatig a Populatio
More informationDensity Slicing Reference Manual
Desity Slicig Referece Maual Improvisio, Viscout Cetre II, Uiversity of Warwick Sciece Park, Millbur Hill Road, Covetry. CV4 7HS Tel: 0044 (0) 24 7669 2229 Fax: 0044 (0) 24 7669 0091 e-mail: admi@improvisio.com
More informationAdaptive MMSE Rake-Equalizer Receiver Design with Channel Estimation for DS-UWB System
Adaptive MMSE Rake-Equalizer Receiver Desig with Chael Estimatio for DS-UWB System Departmet of Electric Egieerig, Diwa Uiversity No.87-1, Nashi Li, Madou Tow, Taia Couty 7153, Taiwa, R.O.C. cyj@dwu.edu.tw
More informationTest Time Minimization for Hybrid BIST with Test Pattern Broadcasting
Test Time Miimizatio for Hybrid BIST with Test Patter Broadcastig Raimud Ubar, Maksim Jeihhi Departmet of Computer Egieerig Talli Techical Uiversity EE-126 18 Talli, Estoia {raiub, maksim}@pld.ttu.ee Gert
More informationJoint Power Allocation and Beamforming for Cooperative Networks
It. J. Commuicatios, etwork ad System Scieces,, 4, 447-45 doi:.436/ijcs..4753 Published Olie July (http://www.scirp.org/joural/ijcs) Joit Power Allocatio ad Beamformig for Cooperative etworks Sodes Maadi,,
More informationMETHOD OF LOCATION USING SIGNALS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN. Inventor: Brian L. Baskin
METHOD OF LOCATION USING SIGNALS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN Inventor: Brin L. Bskin 1 ABSTRACT The present invention encompsses method of loction comprising: using plurlity of signl trnsceivers to receive one or
More informationDesign of FPGA Based SPWM Single Phase Inverter
Proceedigs of MUCEET2009 Malaysia Techical Uiversities Coferece o Egieerig ad Techology Jue 20-22, 2009, MS Garde,Kuata, Pahag, Malaysia MUCEET2009 Desig of FPGA Based SPWM Sigle Phase Iverter Afarulrazi
More information信號與系統 Signals and Systems
Sprig 24 信號與系統 Sigals ad Systems Chapter SS- Sigals ad Systems Feg-Li Lia NTU-EE Feb4 Ju4 Figures ad images used i these lecture otes are adopted from Sigals & Systems by Ala V. Oppeheim ad Ala S. Willsky,
More informationSuper J-MOS Low Power Loss Superjunction MOSFETs
Low Power Loss Superjuctio MOSFETs Takahiro Tamura Mutsumi Sawada Takayuki Shimato ABSTRACT Fuji Electric has developed superjuctio MOSFETs with a optimized surface desig that delivers lower switchig.
More informationSubject Record (MARC21 format)
TAG FIELD AME FIELD AME Subject Record (MARC21 format) DESCRIPTIO EXAMPLE OTE Record 0-4 Logical Record Legth Legth of the record. 01890 Total umber of characters i the record; icludig the record termiator
More informationStability A Simple Example
Stbility A Simple Exmple We wt the m to ty t x, but wid gve ome iitil peed (f(t) ). Wht will hppe? f (t) x( ) F( ) x(t) f (t) x(t) x( ) F( ) B f (t) x( ) F( ) x(t) B B f (t) x( ) F( ) x(t) B How to chrcterize
More informationRadar emitter recognition method based on AdaBoost and decision tree Tang Xiaojing1, a, Chen Weigao1 and Zhu Weigang1 1
Advaces i Egieerig Research, volume 8 d Iteratioal Coferece o Automatio, Mechaical Cotrol ad Computatioal Egieerig (AMCCE 7) Radar emitter recogitio method based o AdaBoost ad decisio tree Tag Xiaojig,
More informationA Slot-Asynchronous MAC Protocol Design for Blind Rendezvous in Cognitive Radio Networks
Globecom 04 - Wireless Networking Symposium A Slot-Asynchronous MAC Protocol Design for Blind Rendezvous in Cognitive Rdio Networks Xingy Liu nd Jing Xie Deprtment of Electricl nd Computer Engineering
More informationHVIC Technologies for IPM
HVIC Techologies for IPM JONISHI, Akihiro AKAHANE, Masashi YAMAJI, Masaharu ABSTRACT A high voltage itegrated (HVIC), which is a gate driver IC with a high breakdow voltage, is oe of the key devices required
More informationSelf-Cancellation of Sample Frequency Offset in OFDM Systems in the Presence of Carrier Frequency Offset
Self-Cacellatio of Sample Frequecy Offset i OFDM Systems i the Presece of Carrier Frequecy Offset Zhe GAO, 2, Mary A Igram 2 School of Electroic ad Iformatio Egieerig, Tiaji Uiversity, Chia 372 2 School
More informationLecture 4: Frequency Reuse Concepts
EE 499: Wireless & Mobile Commuicatios (8) Lecture 4: Frequecy euse Cocepts Distace betwee Co-Chael Cell Ceters Kowig the relatio betwee,, ad, we ca easily fid distace betwee the ceter poits of two co
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Fall Semester, Introduction to EECS 2.
Massachusetts Istitute of Techology Dept. of Electrical Egieerig ad Computer Sciece Fall Semester, 006 6.08 Itroductio to EECS Prelab Exercises Pre-Lab#3 Modulatio, demodulatio, ad filterig are itegral
More information