The Wide Field Imager for the Athena X-ray Observatory
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1 Wide Field Imager The for the Athena X-ray Observatory Arne Rau (Athena/WFI Project Scien:st, MPE - on behalf of the WFI Team)
2 The Hot and Energetic Universe - Science Theme for ESA s L2 Mission How do black holes grow and shape the Universe? How does ordinary marer assemble into the large scale structures that we see today? Nandra et al. 2013, arxiv /17/2014 Arne Rau 2
3 /17/2014 Arne Rau 3
4 For more informa:on please listen to talks in the Plenary Session on Thursday The Hot and Energe:c Universe & The Athena Mission Kirpal Nandra The X- ray Integral Field Unit Didier Barret 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 4
5 Measurement Principle 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 5
6 Ac#ve pixel sensor Depleted P- channel Field Effect Transistor p- FET on depleted n- bulk signal charge collected in poten:al minimum below FET channel combined func#on of sensor & amplifier low capacitance (20 ff) and noise excellent spectroscopic performance charge storage capability readout on demand back- illuminated, fully depleted excellent quantum efficiency 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 6
7 readout sequence 1st measurement: signal + baseline clear: removal of signal charges 2nd measurement: baseline difference = signal matrix organisa#on common bulk & back contact thin homogeneous entrance window 100% filling factor row connec:on of ext. gate + reset column connec:on of r/o nodes (drain) windowing op:on opera#on philosophy one ac:ve row fast, parallel processing all other rows turned off minimum power consump:on signal charge integra:on Integra(on*(me* 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 7
8 Problem: photon hits during signal sampling E meas (<E X ) Step 1: gateable DEPFET Electronic shurer built- in in each pixel suppresses signals during sampling period 10 x lower background Problem: e- shuier dead #me Step 2: gateable DEPFET with intermediate storage region e ˉ are stored for later processing low background & dead :me 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 8
9 Advantages wrt CCD no charge transfer»less sensi:ve to radia:on damage»faster readout»flexible windows DEPFETs developed for SIMBOL- X, XEUS, IXO, Athena prototypes MIXS on ESA s BepiColombo 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 9
10 Conceptual Design 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 10
11 Focal Plane Layout WFI: Wide field survey power + high count- rate/#ming capability FoV = 40 arcmin fast + 4 large DEPFET APS Fast chip: 256 x 256 pixels; = 7.7 arcmin Pixel: 100 x 100 µm 2 ( = 1.8 arcsec) on- axis PSF = 5 arcsec oversampling: x 2.8 two hemisphere readout gateable, intermediate storage DEPFET Large chips: 448 x 640 pixels Pixel: 130 x 130 µm 2 58 x 83 mm 2 non- gateable DEPFET 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 11
12 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 12
13 Instrument Performance 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 13
14 Effective Area (on-axis) ~2m 1keV mirror detector 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 14
15 Wide Field Imager Survey Power (Nandra et al 2013) simula:on of CDFS 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 15
16 Spectral Resolution 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 16
17 BH Growth from Compton Thick AGN (Georgakakis, Carrera et al 2013) 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 17
18 Efficiency (Valid Patterns vs. Photons) [%] High Count Rate Capabilities Source Brightness [Crab] x2.5µs 4x3.0mus 2x2.5mus Incident Photon Rate [photons/s] (simula:ons by C. Schmid/ECAP) relevant Metric: A eff x frac:on of :me the detector registers events for keV: ~30 cm 2 : XMM, Chandra ~250 cm 2 : ASTRO- H ~2500 cm 2 : Athena/WFI for variable sources: no compensa:on from longer observa:ons 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 18
19 Summary DEPFET Ac#ve Pixel Sensor based wide field camera combines wide field survey power with high count rate and #ming capabili#es designed to address ques#on of the Hot and Energe#c Universe science theme Proto- Consor#um lead by MPE with Partners in Germany, UK, Poland, Austria, Denmark, Italy, France, (US) 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 19
20 06/17/2014 Arne Rau 20
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