Sculpture = 3-Dimensional Art Sculpture addresses space, time, and motion: Space = Physical presence = space it occupies Time and Motion=

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1 Sculpture Relief, In-The-Round, and Environmental Sculpture Subtractive vs Additive Processes Carving Modeling Casting Assemblage Installation Earthworks Performance as Sculpture

2 Sculpture = 3-Dimensional Art Sculpture addresses space, time, and motion: Space = Physical presence = space it occupies Time and Motion= Time one takes to view it Movement around the work Movement of the work itself The way the work changes over time Materials demand different things: Wood has grain Stone can be soft, gritty, or dense

3 Relief Sculpture = Sculpture carved from one side, is meant to be viewed from one side Often used to decorate and embellish architecture Low vs High Relief Low Relief = Shallow Senwosret I led by Atum to Amun-Re, from the White Chapel at Karnak, Thebes, 1930 BCE

4 High Relief = rounded carved forms, almost In-The-Round Frieze from the Parthenon, Greece

5 In-the-Round Sculpture = sculpture carved completely around, meant to be viewed form all sides Demands movement Physical and Emotional investment from viewer Giambologna, Capture of the Sabine Women, 1583

6 Environmental Sculpture = A sculptural space the viewer can enter. Installation = Art that transforms the viewer s experience of a space. Earthwork = Largescale out-of-door environment. Richard Serra, The Matter of Time, 2005

7 Subtractive Process = Sculpting process where the artist begins with a mass and removes material, subtracting from the mass until the piece is finished. Carving Wood or Stone Additive Process = Sculpting process where the artist builds a piece by adding material until the piece is finished. Modeling Clay Some sculpting processes involve a little of both. Ex: Building furniture involves both additive and subtractive processes with wood.

8 Carving Carving = A building process where the material is chipped, gouged, hammered, grinded, cut, etc, to make finished work. Media = Wood and Stone Subtractive Process Michelangelo, Atlas,

9 Janine Antoni, Lick and Lather

10 Modeling Modeling = A building process where the material is pinched, shaped, rolled, squeezed, etc to make the finished work Media = Clay (Ceramics) Additive Process Arthur Gonzalez

11 Tomb of the Emperor Qin Shihuangdi, BCE

12 Casting Casting = A building process where the final object is made by casting a material into a mold. Media = Metal, Clay, or Plastic Additive and Subtractive process Head of an Oba, Edo, Court of Benin, Nigeria, 18 th century

13 Gelatin mold Ceramic Mold Mold = A hollow container used to give shape to molten or liquid material Prototype = A preliminary model of something, from which new forms can be copied. We use a prototype to make a mold.

14 Clay Slip Casting = Pouring liquid clay into a plaster mold The original prototype is usually made of clay, but can be made of anything. The mold is made of plaster. With the mold, exact copies of the original prototype can be made. Slip Casting

15 Metal Lost Wax Process = a casting technique that enables the artist to make a hollow metal form (instead of a solid one). The prototype is made of wax The mold is called an Investment Mold = A mold made of water, plaster, and sand. An investment mold is made around the inside and outside of the wax piece. The wax is melted away, and the empty space from the wax is filled with metal. Lost Wax Process Video

16 Foundry = A factory that produces metal castings. Mostly aluminum, bronze, brass, steel

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18 Assemblage Assemblage = A building process where individual, sometimes disparate, objects or pieces form a larger whole. Media = Anything and everything. Usually Additive Display piece, Yoruba culture, early 20 th century

19 Transformation of common materials into art. Discovery Transcendence No hard-and-fast rules about how to put something together. The 3- dimensional version of collage or photomontage. Louise Nevelson, Sky Cathedral, 1958

20 Jay-Z, The Blueprint 3 dacityofcolo r.com/2010/ 11/12/friday -musicinspirationtheblueprint-3- albumcover/

21 Installation Installation = Art that transforms space. Site-Specific = Art made specifically for one space. Media = Anything and everything. Usually Additive

22 Ai Wei Wei, Sunflower Seeds, installed at the Tate Modern in 2010

23 Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate, 2004 James Turell, Bridget s Bardo, 2008

24 Earthworks Earthworks = Large-scale outdoors environments. Media = The natural world. Can be Additive or Subtractive Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1970

25 Earthworks illustrate tension between the natural world and civilization. Earthworks are often impermanent, or semi-permanent. They are meant to degrade over time or change with the surrounding environment. Andy Goldsworthy, Dandelion Flowers pinned with Thorns,

26 Performance Performance = Living sculpture; the incorporation of the human body, and human activity, into a work of art. Sometimes also involve installation of some sort Marina Abramovic and Ulay, Imponderabilia, 1977

27 Happenings = ; Art that reflects life. Assemblages of events performed or perceived in more than one time and place. Allan Kaprow Bring everything into art, literally. Everything is art. Allan Kaprow, Household, 1964

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30 Carolee Schneemann, Newspaper Event, 1963 Carolee Schneemann, Interior Scroll, 1975

31 Marina Abramovic, The Artist is Present Jay Z, Picasso Baby: A Performance Art Film