SCULPTURE. Lecture 8

Transcription

1 SCULPTURE Lecture 8

2 Part I: Types of Sculpture

3 Sculpture Sculpture: Artworks that exist in three dimension (NOT statues). Intimately connected with the time and space we occupy. Classified by how it is viewed: In the round Relief As an environment Alexander Calder, Flamingo in the Federal Plaza, Chicago.

4 Sculpture: In the Round Sculpture-in-the-round: freestanding sculptures with fronts, sides, backs, and tops. The spaces around the sculpture may also take on meaning in the work.

5 Bernini, Apollo and Daphne,

6 Sculpture: Relief Relief: 3D form is raised on from a flat background. Similar to viewing a 2D form because you see the front only. Oftentimes used in the decoration of architecture.

7 Sculpture: Relief Parthenon Metope: Centaur Fighting Lapith, ca BCE. High Relief: 3D form projects from its base by at least half its depth. Parts of high relief may be sculpted fully in the round.

8 Sculpture: Relief Low (bas) relief: very little of the background material is removed. Common to paint the forms after sculpting. Ashurnasirpal II Killing Lions, Assyrian low relief, 7 th century BCE.

9 Sculpture: Relief Akhenaten, His Wife Nefertiti, and their three Daughters, BCE. Sunken relief: sculpting technique in which the image is engraved or carved into the surface. Used rarely outside of ancient Egypt.

10 Sculpture: As an Environment Some sculpture is designed to transform a space and our experience of a space. Can be site-specific or modified to fit a variety of spaces. Installation Site-Specific Earthworks Performance Art

11 SaE: Installation Installation: 3D art form that transforms an interior space to tell a story. The entire room is filled with items that conveys the content. Works that cannot be moved are called site-specific. Experience this work and learn its meaning at /mark-bradford Go ahead to 7 minutes into the video. Mark Bradford, Marketplace, 2006.

12 SaE: Site Specific Several of our class members will be doing a brief presentation on the Anish Kapoor s Cloud Gate, 2004, at the end of class. Oh snap you didn t really think you were going to get extra credit for just sending a photo?

13 SaE: Earthworks Earthworks: large-scale outdoor environments. Modern works are inspired by ancient Native American earthworks called mounds. Great Serpent Mound, Hopewell culture, ca. 600 BCE. Located in Adams County, Ohio.

14 Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, after completion in Black rock, salt crystals, earth, red water (algae), 3.5 ft x 15 ft. x 1500 ft.

15 Spiral Jetty reappeared in This photo is from The red algae, black rocks, and brown earth have been covered with salt crystals.

16 SaE: Performance Art Performance Art: live human activity that goes on in a space. The physical presence of the body in the space is (usually) the primary concern.

17 Performance art Today The Artist is Present: 2010 performance by Marina Abramović. Text of first person narrative of this experience available at MOMA had a surprise for Abramović as viewed here.

18 Part II: The Process of Creation

19 Sculpture: Subtractive Processes Subtractive process: unwanted material is removed. Most difficult process. Carving: the sculptor starts with a block of material and cuts/chisels away portions of it until the form is created. Common media are stone, wood, ivory. MICHELANGELO. The Cross-Legged Captive

20 Spirit Spouse, from the Ivory Coast. 20 th century.

21 Videos From the Getty Tools featured in this video: Tooth chisel Point chisel Drill Rasp (a metal filing/smoothing tool)

22 Sculpture: Additive Processes Additive process: material is added, assembled, or builtup. Common additive processes are modeling, casting, and constructions. Modeled works are often made from clay, cast works are often metal, and constructions are any kind of material adhered together. Top: Mayan Woman Bottom: Ken Price, Vink, 2009.

23 Deborah Butterfield, Conure. Assemblage/Steel. Adriaen de Vries, Apollo, ca Direct lost-cast technique.

24 Videos From the Getty Tools used in this video: Wax skin over clay form/core Iron and wire armature Second wax form Core pins of iron Sprues (wax rods) Pouring cup Kiln (oven) Molten bronze in a crucible Chisel and small iron tools Cloth

25 Part III: Art on Trial!!! Class Participation Activity. Break up into 3 Groups: Group A: State s Attorney s Representing the City of New York Group B: Defendant s Attorney s Representing Artist Richard Serra Group C: Those who ed me because they ve seen Cloud Gate. You are going to be the jury later on.

26 Richard Serra s Tilted Arc, in New York s Federal Plaza. Finished in feet long, 12 feet high, 2.5 inches thick Unfinished steel $175,000

27 After Lecture 8 You Should Be able to: Distinguish between Sculpture-in-the-round, Relief sculpture, and Sculpture as an Environment. Identify how modeling, casting, carving, and assembling differ. Explain how installation works differ from traditional 2D and 3D works. Describe the form and content of the artworks featured in this lecture.