Get out there and do something different

Transcription

1 Chilled or stressed? Grammar Future review Future continuous First conditional with different conjunctions & modals Vocabulary Life choices Nouns ending in -ion and -ness Challenge Resolve a family conflict Interaction Giving advice Writing A report READING 1 Discuss the questions in groups. What did you do during your last summer holiday? What are your strongest memories? Would you like to do something different next year? What would be a really special summer holiday? Quickly read the webpage and match the photos with the people. Did they mention any of your ideas? Get out there and do something different During the dark winter months, life can feel dull and depressing. So now s the time to raise your spirits and start thinking about next summer. Holidays don t have to be the same old thing every year. It s important to have something special to look forward to! This week s question is: What are your special holiday plans? I m going to surf next summer, but not on the web! In August, I m heading down to a surfing school in Cornwall. They provide the boards, the wet suits and the instructors. All the surfers have to do is... be prepared to get wet! When you take up surfing, you know you re going to fall off your surfboard a lot! Luckily, I m a strong swimmer. Imogen, UK I m not travelling anywhere in particular, but I m sure I ll have an amazing summer. An American cousin of mine is staying with us for a fortnight. She s 15 like me and lives in San Diego, California. I ll be able to try out my English and learn the latest cool expressions! I m looking forward to seeing her. Carmen, Spain I just love animals, so next summer I m going on my dream holiday. We re going to spend a week in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana. But we won t be living in luxury. We ll be camping in the wild! We ll see giraffes, lions, wildebeest and springboks. At night they say you can hear lions roaring (I m a bit worried about that!). I ve never done anything like this before I can t wait. Diarmuid, Ireland Special plans? It s too early to think about next summer. I can t think beyond this year! But one thing s for sure. At Christmas, I ll be eating too much and watching TV all the time. So (and I know this doesn t sound very thrilling) I might join a sports club and try and get fit! Reece, Canada I m looking forward to next summer! It s going to be completely different. I m going to a summer camp in July, but not to do the usual stuff. I ve signed up for a threeweek course on making movies! The instructors teach you how to script, act, shoot and edit movies. So while you re lazing on the beach, I ll be making this year s biggest blockbuster! Scarlett, USA _ indd 18 30/04/015 13:04

2 VOCABULARY Life choices 3 Read the Study Skill. Then read the article and answer the questions. Sometimes more than one name is possible. Who... STUDY SKILL Matching information When you match information with different parts of a text, look for similar words. For example, can you find a word in the article that means nervous? 1... is going to do something new and different?... doesn t have any definite plans? 3... feels a bit nervous about their holiday? 4... is doing a course? 5... is looking forward to talking a lot? 6... is definitely going to have a sporty holiday? 4 Read the website again and answer the questions. 1 Why does the writer believe it s a good idea to make summer plans in the winter? The writer says holidays don t have to be the same old things. What do you think those things are? 3 What special equipment do you need to go surfing? 4 Why is Carmen looking forward to seeing her cousin? 5 Why might Reece want to get fit in the summer? 6 Scarlett says she isn t going to do the usual stuff at summer camp. What do you think that is? 5 Read Word Zone and find three examples in the article. WORD ZONE look forward to We use look forward to + noun or ing form when we talk about exciting things in the future. I m really looking forward to my birthday. I m looking forward to seeing all my friends. 6 Write three things you are looking forward to. I m looking forward to the weekend. We re going camping. I m looking forward to seeing the new James Bond film. I m looking forward to doing nothing this weekend! 7 Look at the holiday ideas on the webpage again. Choose the best one. Share your ideas in groups. I d like to do the film course at the summer camp. I d like to do something different this year and I love movies Really? Why? 8 Read the blog and discuss ideas 1 7 with your partner. Put them in order of preference. LIVE YOUR LIFE NOW! If you re waiting for the right time to do something, you ll wait forever. First of all, make sure you have a goal. For example, plan to do exercise twice a week for 0 minutes. Secondly, get active. Sitting at your desk and studying is important, but you must move, too! Here are my top suggestions, but I m sure you can think of more. 1 Take up running and train for a marathon. Even better, do it with a friend. Don t just lie on the beach. Do a course in diving or improve your swimming skills. 3 Playing computer games is fun. But you can also brush up your Maths or Science online and still have fun. 4 There isn t always time to go to the gym. Doing exercises in the morning at home will help you to keep fit. It s easy and it s a great way to wake up. 5 Want to learn something new and make friends at the same time? Sign up for a new course. Or join a club. Isn t there a club for your fave activity? Then set up a club yourself! 6 You could do volunteer work. There s always someone who needs help. Visit an old people s home or clean up the local park. 7 You don t have to go on a cruise or a safari holiday. Just put on your trainers and get walking! Look around you and really get to know your local area. 9 Complete the fantasy to do list. Then compare your ideas with your partner. This year, I m going to 1 take up do a course 3 get to know 4 sign up for 5 learn about 6 brush up 7 set up 8 train for 9 join 10 Give these people advice. Try to use the phrases in blue from the blog. 1 Bill spends all day on his computer. He doesn t have friends. He should go to the gym and get fit. He ll meet people there. Martha is having trouble with her English. She s getting bad test results. 3 Robert wants to join my friends in a charity fun run, but he can t run very well! 4 Eve s going on a beach holiday. She gets bored easily. FAST FINISHERS Imagine you went on one of the holidays. Write about what you did and how you felt. More practice 19

3 GRAMMAR Future review Future continuous Grammar presentation Making plans & predictions We use the present continuous as future to talk about future arrangements. In August, I m heading to a surfing school in Devon. We use be going to when we talk about general plans and intentions in the future. I m going to travel around Europe next summer. We use will / won t and be going to to make predictions about the future. We ll see giraffes, lions and wildebeest. You re going to fall off your surfboard a lot. We use may / might when we are not totally sure what will happen. I might join a sports club. We use the present simple to talk about timetables and scheduled events. The train for London leaves at 10.00am. Grammar reference page Circle the most appropriate future verb forms. Liam: When 1 do you leave / are you leaving for China? Kate: I m getting / I will get a 10am flight tomorrow. Liam: Who 3 will you go /are you going with? Kate: It s a really cool organization called Teen Travel. Liam: How long 4 does it take / will it take? Kate: The flight? 11 hours. Liam: What are you 5 doing / going to do on the plane? Kate: 6 I m going to do / I ll do a lot of reading. Liam: How long 7 are you staying / will you stay in China? What 8 do you / are you going to do there? Kate: Two weeks and it s all organized! 9 We ll visit / We re visiting Beijing and the Great Wall, the city of Xi an, Shanghai... I think 10 it ll be / it s going to be really intense. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verb. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Craig: 1... you... the match this evening? (watch) Bill: Yeah, I... in front of the TV with a pizza! (sit) Ken: Are you OK? Sean: No, I ve got toothache. But I 3... the dentist. (see) James: When 4... you... on holiday? (go) Eve: I m not sure. Maybe we 5... on holiday this year. (not go) Hanna: What s that awful noise? Helle: That s David s music. I 6... him to turn it off. (tell) Mark: What time 7... the train...? (leave) Mary: Three o clock. Mark: Well, hurry up or you 8... late. (be) 3 Make decisions with will / won t and may / might (not). 1 You feel really tired this evening. I might go to bed early. You get out of breath too easily. 3 The weather forecast for tomorrow isn t good. 4 Your best friend looks depressed. 5 It s the middle of the night and you can hear a strange noise. 6 You re listening to a great new track on your phone. Future continuous We use the future continuous for a situation that will be in progress at a particular time in the future. We ll be camping in the wild next summer! At Christmas, I know I ll be eating too much and watching TV all the time. While you re lazing on the beach, I ll be making this year s biggest movie. Grammar reference page Read the ticket and write sentences. At 8.30pm tomorrow... TOMORROW at the Rose Theatre at 8.00pm The world premiere of Lost in Love a new play by Larry Winter. Starring Daisy Fanning, Brad Jensen and Cate Everett Director Joel Nolan 1 Daisy and Brad / perform on stage. the audience / watch the play. 3 Joel / stand at edge of stage. 4 the critics / take notes. 5 Cate / wait to go on stage. 6 Larry / feel very stressed. 5 Make predictions about your future. Discuss with your partner. What will you be doing... when you are 0? in five minutes? after this lesson? when you are 30? when you are 60? What will you be doing when you re 30? PRONUNCIATION Contracted ll 6 Listen and repeat the sentences. 1 What ll you do when you get there? We ll probably stay in a youth hostel. 3 Do you think you ll like it? at this time tomorrow? I ll be living in Antarctica. More practice admit one More practice? page More practice

4 LISTENING Follow and participate in discussions about the future In my lifetime 1 In groups, discuss what changes will happen in your life in the next years? Think about: your education what you will do where you will live who will be your friends Listen to the introduction to a radio programme and answer the questions. 1 When Chris feels pessimistic, how does he think the world will change? Why is he talking to Emily Sanderson? 3 What two events does Emily think will happen in her lifetime? 3 Listen to the next part of the radio programme and match the people with the predictions. There is one extra prediction. 1 Anya Leon 3 Jamie 4 Bobby 5 Mia 6 Alex A Homes will be smaller with fewer objects. B Global warming will get worse. C People will travel in cars without drivers. D Over-population will cause a lot of problems. E People will live much longer in the future. F We will be using completely new types of energy. G Robots will do all the boring jobs. 4 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Why does Anya think people will live to be 10? Why does Leon think water will be a problem? 3 What does Jamie think will be special about our clothes? 4 How will robots be similar to humans? 5 Why is Bobby excited about automated cars? 6 How is Alex preparing for future disasters? 5 Read the expressions in Face Face. Can you remember who said them? What were they talking about? FACE FACE a big deal What s not to like? look on the bright side Dialogues page Go to page 146 and put the expressions in Face Face into the dialogues. Listen and check. YOUR TURN TO SPEAK 7 Look at Express yourself. Are you an optimist or a pessimist? Express yourself I m an optimist / a pessimist. I m optimistic / pessimistic. I feel positive / negative about. 8 Work in groups. Discuss the questions below, using the topics. What do you think will happen in your lifetime? Are you optimistic or pessimistic about the future? robots global warming space exploration medicine travel music work I think scientists will find a cure for every major disease. I agree. I m quite pessimistic, too. There seem to be new diseases every few years. Really? I don t feel as positive as you. I think there will be new diseases. FAST FINISHERS Write about the most interesting predictions you heard in your discussion. 1

5 READING 1 Look at the topics below and choose the three things that worry you most. world problems school work not enough money doing well in exams gossip disappointing my parents relationships friends getting into university fights with my parents getting a good job Read the article and match the paragraphs with the headings. 1 Beauty sleep 3 Have a chat 5 Slow down 7 What is stress? Eat well 4 Keep fit 6 Teen stress SO STRESSED! always in a hurry. You lose things and forget important appointments. You re tired, but AAYou re you can t sleep. You do three things at once, but you don t finish anything. You worry about everything and can t see a solution. You re irritable with everyone. What s wrong? You re stressed! are under a lot of pressure. School work, exams and deadlines, relationships and BBBTeens social life and your parents expectations all contribute to this. Nothing seems fun anymore, even the activities you used to enjoy. But did you know you can manage stress and get your life back? CCCIf you re stressed, your body will produce chemicals that make you feel edgy. Your heart beats faster and your muscles tense up. So it s important to slow down. Find something that makes you laugh, play a game, listen to music or have a relaxing bath. If you find time for just one of these activities, you will feel better. Planning your day also helps you achieve more and feel less pressurized. helps you produce chemicals called endorphins that improve your mood and help DDDExercise you calm down. If you exercise regularly, you will sleep better and feel more relaxed. If you prefer light exercise, why not try something calming like yoga? And if you prefer vigorous exercise, get out there and move that body! need more sleep than adults. Unless you get enough sleep, you will be unable to EEETeenagers concentrate. When you get enough rest, you will be able to handle stress better. So go to bed at the same time every day and create a regular bedtime routine. Also, avoid social media, computer games and the internet before you go to sleep. They stimulate your brain! FFFIf you want to deal with stress, you must eat a balanced diet. Include vegetables and fruit, bread, rice and pasta, and meat, fish or cheese. Make sure that you eat breakfast and have regular snacks throughout the day. Try to cut out junk food and drink enough water. GGGYou are not alone parents, teachers and friends can give you useful advice. Asking for help can make all the difference. You will feel better as soon as you share your problems with someone. They might have a different perspective on your problems and they can help you to sort them out!

6 3 Read the article and answer the questions. 1 What causes teen stress? What happens to your body when you are stressed? 3 How does exercise help you relax? 4 How can you sleep better? 5 What do you think a balanced diet consists of? 6 How can other people help you? 4 Find the words in the article that match with the following definitions. 1 getting annoyed easily or quickly (paragraph A) what you think or hope will happen (paragraph B) 3 nervous, anxious (paragraph C) 4 using a lot of energy and strength (paragraph D) 5 manage, cope with (paragraph E) 6 unhealthy, low quality (paragraph F) 7 point of view, way of thinking (paragraph G) 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the article. Do you experience stress? What do you do to reduce stress? Which advice in the article do you think is the most useful? 6 Write another paragraph for the article. Give your own advice on how to manage stress. VOCABULARY Many nouns end in -ion. They are formed from verbs. relaxation concentration complication reduction activation correction admission production information Many nouns end in -ness. They are formed from adjectives. happiness weakness sadness laziness helpfulness kindness silliness loneliness selfishness 7 Read the box above. Then write the verbs and adjectives for each noun in the box. relaxation relax Nouns ending in -ion and -ness happiness happy 8 Complete the sentences with nouns from exercise 7. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1 There are many ways to deal with stress. For example, doing sport can lead to a... of stress levels. Less oxygen can make you tired and cause you to lose.... Make sure you move around when you are studying. 3 I had a great holiday in London and it wasn t always expensive. Museums were free because there is no... charge at national museums. 4 The internet is a marvellous resource, but sometimes it can expose us to too much unnecessary The worst thing about Martina is her.... She never thinks about other people. She only thinks about herself. 6 Another... technique is to lie on the floor and let go of all the tension in your body. 9 Read the sentences and then complete them in a personal way for you. Write more similar sentences using other words ending in -ness. Kindness is making a cup of tea for your mum when she s tired. Silliness is having a pillow fight with your friends. Happiness is sitting on a beach in the sun. Laziness is staying in bed until midday. Selfishness is taking the biggest cake on the plate. VERB Z O N E take up sign up for slow down chill out deal with 10 Match the verbs to the definitions. 1 put your name on a list to take part in something begin doing a new hobby 3 start to move or live more slowly 4 take the necessary action with something or someone 5 relax 11 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. 1 My parents are going to Rome on holiday, so they ve... Italian classes...., quickly! This is a 30 miles-per-hour zone! 3 Saturday was great, I did nothing. I just spent it... at home. 4 I m a teacher, so I m used to... stressed students. 5 My sister has... meditation. She says she s really relaxed all the time now. 1 In pairs, turn to page 150 and discuss the questions. More FAST FINISHERS Write some definitions for words ending in -tion that are personal for you. practice 3

7 GRAMMAR First conditional with different conjunctions & modals Grammar presentation First conditional with if, when, unless, as soon as, until We use the first conditional to talk about things that are likely to happen, and their possible consequences. If you re stressed, your body will produce chemicals that make you feel edgy. As well as if, we can use other conjunctions in the first conditional. When you get enough rest, you ll be able to handle stress better. Unless you get enough sleep, you will be unable to concentrate. You will start to feel better as soon as you share your problems. I won t start watching the film until you get home. Grammar reference page Write the sentences using the first conditional with if or when. 1 I / decide / what to do / I / get my exam results. I ll decide what to do when I get my exam results. you / do / some exercise / you / sleep better. 3 what / Lisa / do / she / finish school? 4 I / arrive / late for class again / the teacher / be annoyed. 5 Jack and Poppy / be / 18 / they / have / driving lessons. 6 Karen / go to the USA / she / save enough money. Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 Unless you listen, If you see Lisa, 3 I ll come and visit you 4 When you get this message, 5 She won t finish her project A will you call me? B until the middle of next week. C you won t understand what to do. D as soon as I have some free time. E don t tell her anything! 3 Rewrite the sentences using if or unless and making any necessary changes. 1 If you don t take a break, you ll have a nasty accident. You ll have a nasty accident unless you take a break. If Betti doesn t feel better, she won t go to school. 3 She won t text you if you don t text her first. 4 Unless it stops raining, we ll have to abandon the tent. 5 We won t be able to go on holiday unless we start saving. 6 Unless you take some risks, you ll never do anything new. 4 Complete the sentences with unless, until or as soon as. 1 I can t tell you at the moment. I ll call you... I get home. I won t start my homework... the film is finished. 3 Don t watch the DVD... you really like horror films! 4 I ll ride into town... the rain stops. I hate cycling in the rain! 5 We re going away for the weekend. Will you look after my cat... we get back Emily helps me, I ll never get this laptop to work. First conditional with modals & imperatives We often use various modal verbs instead of will. If you want to deal with stress, you must eat a balanced diet. If I do well, I might buy a motorbike. If it s warm tomorrow, we could go swimming. We can also use an imperative in the will part. If you have problems sleeping, don t use social media late at night. Grammar reference page Complete the sentences with possible consequences or opportunities. Use may / might (not) / could. 1 If I go travelling for a year after I leave school, If school is cancelled tomorrow, 3 If I live to be 100, 4 Unless global warming is reduced, 5 If I stay up very late tonight, 6 If I don t go on holiday next summer, 6 In pairs, complete the sentences with as many imperatives as you can. 1 If you visit the capital city of my country, 3 If you get stopped by the police, If you have an important test next week, 4 If a waiter is rude to you in a restaurant,... 7 Compare your ideas in groups. Who has the most / best suggestions? 4

8 Resolve a family conflict PREPARATION 1 Look at the photo and discuss the questions. What do you think the people are saying? Is anyone angry? What are typical issues that parents and teenagers discuss? DO THE CHALLENGE 5 Work in pairs. You are going to role play a discussion between a teenager and a parent. Follow the instructions. Choose one of these situations in which the teenager... won t keep his or her room tidy doesn t tell parents where he or she is doesn t help in the house has come home with a lip piercing never speaks to his or her parents has got some friends the parents don t like Read the tips and choose the three tips for parents that you think are the best ideas. Then compare your choices with a partner. About Home Education Health Search Sign in TEEN PARENTING - Top 10 tips Trust your teen don t always expect trouble Stay calm and don t get angry and shout Be consistent and keep your promises Be fair and take their side of the story into consideration Be positive and praise good behaviour Negotiate clear simple rules with your teen and don t change them Punish bad behaviour by taking away treats and privileges Give rewards for good behaviour, but don t just give money Make time to talk to your teen and be there for them 3 Imagine you are the writer of the tips above. Add three more tips to the list. Then share your ideas with your partner. 4 Make a class list of your ideas. Vote on the best three. Decide who is the teen and who is the parent. Plan your dialogue and make notes. Follow these stages: - parent is annoyed and complains - teenager answers and gives reasons and excuses - there is a short argument - parent says what he / she wants to be different - parent and teenager agree on a solution Rehearse your discussion. Express yourself Expressing a request If you don t tidy your room, you won t be able to go out. I want you to tidy your room. Haven t you tidied your room yet? I d like you to... / I want you to... Expressing annoyance It s your fault. That s not fair. You never listen to me. The thing is... 6 Perform your role play to the class. Members of the class suggest how the conflict could be resolved better. FOLLOW UP 7 Write out your dialogue as you remember it. Then compare it with your partner s and change and improve it together. FAST FINISHERS Choose another situation in exercise 5. Imagine the discussion and write a dialogue. 5

9 INTERACTION Giving advice Express yourself Giving advice I think / don t think you should... You ought to... Have you thought about / of...? You could always... Why don t you...? If I were you, I d... Accepting and rejecting advice That s a good idea. I hadn t thought of that. Thanks, I ll do that. That might be all right, but... Yes, but... I m not sure about that, because... TALKING ABOUT PROBLEMS VOCABULARY 5 In your own words, say what the following expressions mean. Think of a context where you might use them. What s up? I m trying to figure out what to do. There s no point. It s a really big deal. To tell the truth,... You d better get moving. 6 Look at Express yourself and tick the expressions that you heard in the conversation. Then listen again and check. YOUR TURN TO SPEAK 1 You are going to hear some people asking for and giving advice. Before you listen, discuss the questions. If you want advice about a problem, do you ask your parents? Your brothers or sisters? Your friends? Other adults? Do you ever read problem pages in magazines or online? Why / Why not? Do people ever ask you for advice? Do you like giving it? Listen to the first part of the conversation between Karen and her friends, Joe and Natalie, and answer the questions. 1 What is Karen trying to decide? What gifts does she normally give? 3 Why is this birthday a big deal? 3 Listen to the second part of the conversation and answer the questions. 1 What is Natalie s first suggestion? Why does Karen reject her advice? 3 What is Joe s idea? 4 Why does Karen reject his advice? 5 What is Natalie s second suggestion? 6 What does Karen decide to give her father? 4 In pairs, discuss the questions. Do you think Natalie s suggestion is the best idea? Do you have any different ideas? What do you give your parents on their birthdays? 7 Read the problems and note the advice you would give. I m really worried about summer camp. I m no good at sport I prefer theatre and art. I m concerned that I won t make friends and that people will exclude me. My friends are always texting and playing games on their phones. It s so boring. We never talk anymore. I d like to do things with them and have fun like we used to. My mum s just lost her job. Now my parents say we all have to tighten our belts. No more drum lessons or gym memberships. No more new trainers or designer clothes. What will my friends say? My friend copies my style! If I get my hair cut, she gets the same. She s now got the same trainers, the same watch, and recently she even copied my signature red jacket. What can I do? I ve discovered that my sister has stolen something from a shop. It s only some make up, but should I say something to her? Should I tell our parents? 8 Work in your groups of three or four. Ask for and give advice for the problems in exercise 7. I think I ll have a really bad time at summer camp because I don t like sport. You ll have fun. You shouldn t worry about it. Yes, but I ve tried playing games like football and tennis and I hate them. I m just no good. Why don t you go to a summer camp that does art? 6

10 WRITING A report WRITING SKILL Introducing results 1 If you feel stressed, what do you do? Choose the things you have tried. Buy a packet of peanuts and eat them Cry Drink a few cups of strong coffee Eat a bar of chocolate Eat a bowl of green vegetables Go for a swim Go for a walk or a run Nothing Ring your friends Watch a funny film and laugh Using the list of de-stressing methods in exercise 1, ask every student in your class the following questions and record your answers. 1 Which de-stressing methods have you tried? Which are the most / least useful ways of de-stressing? 3 Read the report and answer the questions. 1 Which de-stressing method did no one in the class use? What was the most popular way for students to de-stress? 3 Which is the cheapest and easiest way to de-stress? Ways to de-stress by Millie Fegan and class 10C The aim of this report is to provide information about how people in our class de-stress. A lot of people said that exercise is a good way to lower their stress levels, but you have to be careful you don t do too much. If you do too much exercise, you increase the levels of a stress hormone (cortisol) and you end up feeling worse. Walking and swimming were the most popular forms of exercise. We found out that not many people eat calming foods when they are stressed. A handful of nuts or seeds, as well as a few more green vegetables with your meals, are all good ways to calm down. They should try and avoid things like coffee, chocolate and sugar. These aren t good for stress levels and can actually make you feel more stressed. No one realized that laughing is the cheapest and easiest way to de-stress. Laughing activates your body s response to stress which then quickly calms you down, so you feel more relaxed. In addition, laughter can improve your immune system. In conclusion, it appears that the best ways to de-stress are also the cheapest. We recommend that you try those things whenever you feel stressed. 4 Look at the expressions below for introducing results in a report. Then find four more in the text. Our survey showed that... Not many people told us that... We discovered that... YOUR TURN TO WRITE PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 5 Prepare and carry out a class survey. Choose from one of the titles below or use the same title as Millie. Most popular weekend activities: duties and hobbies Most popular types of music, bands and singers people listen to Best ways to revise for exams 6 Plan your questions. Then ask your classmates the questions and note down their answers. WRITE NOW 7 Write your report. 1 Use Millie s report as a model. Use your notes from exercise 6 and the plan below. 3 Remember to include some expressions for adding ideas. Paragraph 1 explain the purpose of your report. Paragraph write about something that a lot of people did. Paragraph 3 write about something that a few people did. Paragraph 4 write about something that no one did. Paragraph 5 conclude your report with a recommendation. CHECK AND CORRECT 8 Check and correct your report. 1 Check that the words and expressions for adding ideas are correct. In pairs, swap your reports and check each other s work. 7