Nineteenth-Century Progress. Inven3ons to Make Life Easier

Transcription

1 Nineteenth-Century Progress Inven3ons to Make Life Easier

2 Find one inven3on from the nineteenth century that you think is interes3ng. (only get a few minutes to do this)

3 SeDng the Stage Scien3fic discoveries push the knowledge fron3ers New kinds of energy: Gasoline Electricity Hydrogen First used as a fuel source in 1806 Used to power one of the first cars

4 Who invented the hydrogen powered car? When was it invented?

5 Inven3ons to Make Life Easier Thomas Edison Patented more than 1000 inven3ons Light bulb Direct current (DC) Created a research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey Most of his inven3ons were created here Worked with Lewis H. La3mer, an African American inventor

6 Who was Edison s greatest rival? Name one of his other inven3ons.

7 Inven3ons to Make Life Easier Nikola Tesla (1865) Alterna3ng-current (AC) machinery Tesla coil used for radio technology, s3ll used today Sold patent to Wes3nghouse Corpora3on - got the contract for the Chicago World s Fair AC current became the best power system of the 20 th c Worldwide standard

8 What else did Tesla invent? What product do we know Tesla for today (other than AC)?

9 Inven3ons to Make Life Easier Alexander Graham Bell Teacher of deaf students Invented the telephone Displayed at Philadelphia Centennial Exposi3on 1876 Guglielmo Marconi used electromagne3c waves to create the first radio Sent messages using Morse Code without wires Primi3ve radios quickly became standard equipment for ships

10 What did the first message on Bell s telephone say?

11 Inven3ons to Make Life Henry Ford Easier 1880s, German inventors powered a vehicle with gasoline automobile Decided to make cars that were affordable Standardized, interchangeable parts Assembly line line of workers who each put single piece on unfinished car as it passed on moving belt

12 What did Ford charge for the FIRST cars off the assembly line? How many cars were on the road in 1913?

13 Inven3ons to Make Life Easier Wright Brothers Bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio First heavier than air aircraf to SUCCEED Kihy Hawk, North Carolina Longest flight 59 seconds Not first in flight though Henri Giffard - First controlled flight was a dirigible Da Vinci was obsessed with crea3ng a flying machine

14 What animals did Da Vinci study to inform his flying machine?

15 New Ideas in Medicine Germ Theory of Disease Louis Pasteur (mid-1800s) Discovered fermenta3on of alcohol was caused by microscopic organismsbacteria Pasteuriza3on kills germs in liquids

16 What is the most ofen consumed pasteurized drink today?

17 New Ideas in Medicine Joseph Lister Germs explain why 50% of pa3ents died from infec3on 1865 ordered all surgical wards be kept spotless, wounds washed with an3sep3c Vaccines were found for deadly diseases People started to live longer

18 What was the percentage of pa3ents who survived AFTER Lister made changes?

19 New Ideas in Science Mendel and Gene3cs 1850s Gregor Mendel used peas to prove gene3cs Realized there was a pahern to the way certain traits were inherited Different from Lamarck Said over 3me, species changed through behavior

20 Where was Mendel from?

21 New Ideas in Chemistry and Physics John Dalton all maher made of 3ny par3cles called atoms Elements have specific weights Compounds contain more than one element Dmitri Mendeleev Used Dalton s ideas to organize the periodic table S3ll used today

22 What is your favorite element? What is its atomic number?

23 New Ideas in Chemistry and Physics Marie and Pierre Curie Discovered radium and polonium Found in pitchblende - released a powerful form of energy Called radioac3vity 1903 shared the Nobel Prize in physics radioac3vity Ernest Rutherford atoms were not smallest par3cles Nucleus surrounded by electrons

24 What year did Marie Curie get the Nobel Prize for Chemistry?

25 New Ideas in Science Darwin s Theory of Evolu3on On the Origin of Species Theory of Evolu3on Popula3ons grow faster than food supply - compe33on Only best adapted survive Survivors produce offspring Over many genera3ons, species change Applied to races with Social Darwinism Reason why Europeans feel the right to colonize other countries

26 What was the name of Darwin s ship? What was his occupa3on on the ship?

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28 Social Sciences Explore Behavior (and borrow from the Hard Sciences) Psychology - Study of human mind and behavior Ivan Pavlov Ac3ons were unconscious reac3ons to experiences Training could change them Sigmund Freud Unconscious mind drives ac3ons Psychoanalysis looks at psychological conflicts due to suppressed memories, desires, and impulses

29 Were you expec3ng a ques3on here? According to Pavlov, what is it called when you are expec3ng something to happen and react?

30 The Rise of Mass Culture Changes produce mass culture Appeal of art, wri3ng, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience Goods cheaper, easier for more people to buy

31 Music Halls and Vaudeville The Rise of Mass Culture Vaudeville acts - variety shows that traveled from town to town Movies 1880s - moving images Edison succeeded 1900s, producing feature films

32 The Rise of Mass Culture Sports Entertain Millions Spectator sports now entertainment US: football and baseball grew quickly in popularity Europe: Soccer and Cricket drew huge crowds Olympic Games 1896 Revived the Greek tradi3on First games took place in Athens, Greece again Athle3cs Cyclying Fencing Gymnas3cs Shoo3ng Swimming Tennis Weightlifing Wrestling Greco-Roman