1. Write the letter of the name that matches the description. A name may be used more than once.

Transcription

1 Page 1 1. Write the letter of the name that matches the description. A name may be used more than once. a. Edwin L. Drake c. Christopher Sholes e. Alexander Graham Bell b. Henry Bessemer d. Thomas Alva Edison 1. Invented the typewriter. 2. Invented the telephone. 3. Developed an efficient technique for transforming iron into steel. 4. Introduced an efficient means of retrieving oil from beneath the earth's surface. 5. Perfected the incandescent light bulb at his research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey. 6. Developed an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power and organized power plants around the nation. If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. Example: Oliver Kelley was the founder of the farmers' political organization known as Grange. the true Example: The Grange laws were an attempt to deal with various abuses of power farmers. by railroad companies 2. At Promontory Point, Utah, where the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads met on May 10, 1869, a golden spike marked the linking of the nation by the first transcontinental railroad. 3. J.P. Morgan was an industrialist whose company produced standard railroad cars and elegant sleeping cars. His company town, which he hoped would ensure a stable workforce, was criticized as "un-american." 4. The stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad used the Pullman Company to make huge, unearned profits for themselves. 5. In Munn v. Illinois, the states won the right to regulate the railroads for the benefit of farmers and other consumers. 6. The Interstate Commerce Act reestablished the right of the railroad companies to supervise railroad activities and set up the Interstate Commerce Commission for that purpose.

2 Page 2 7. Write the letter of the term or name that matches the description. a. trust e. holding company i. John D. Rockefeller b. merger f. Social Darwinism j. Sherman Antitrust Act c. monopoly g. Andrew Carnegie k. horizontal consolidation d. robber baron h. vertical integration 1. Head of Standard Oil Company 2. Process by which a company buys out all of its suppliers 3. Millionaire tycoon who made his riches in the steel industry 4. Process by which a company buys out all of its competitors 5. An unsuccessful attempt by Congress to regulate big business 6. A corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies 7. The company that results from one corporation's buying out the stock of another 8. A critical term used to describe such industrialists as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller 9. Theory that justified the efforts of millionaires and discouraged government interference in big business 10. A corporation made up of many companies that receive certificates entitling them to dividends on profits earned. 11. A market in which one company has complete control over an industry's production, quality, wages paid, and prices charged. 8. Who was a labor union organizer? (There is more than one correct answer.) a. Eugene V. Debs b. Pauline Newman c. Samuel Gompers d. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones 9. Which union was organized by a group of radical unionists and socialists? a. Knights of Labor b. National Labor Union c. American Federation of Labor d. Industrial Workers of the World

3 Page At which place did a tragedy occur that led New York authorities to establish strict rules about fire codes, working hours, child labor, and other worker-related issues? a. Pullman Factory b. Haymarket Square c. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory d. Carnegie Steel's Homestead plant 11. Which was a technique used by labor unions in the late 19th century to win workers' rights? (There is more than one correct answer.) a. arbitration b. scab hiring c. blacklisting d. collective bargaining 12. Which of the following MOST freed manufacturers from restrictions on where factories could be built? a. electricity b. steel beams c. the railroads d. the telephone 13. Pullman, Illinois, was an unusual town in that it a. had one main industry. b. specialized in a regional product. c. owed its prosperity to the railroads. d. was built by a company to house its workers. 14. The MAIN purpose of the company known as Crédit Mobilier was to a. build the transcontinental railroad. b. steal railroad money for its shareholders. c. obtain a monopoly of the railroad industry. d. obtain powerful political positions for its shareholders. 15. The goal of the Interstate Commerce Act was to a. build new railroads. b. destroy the railroad industry. c. lower excessive railroad rates. d. increase the power of railroad companies. 16. Andrew Carnegie gained control of a large percentage of the steel industry by doing all of the following EXCEPT a. buying out his suppliers. b. buying out his competitors. c. underselling his competitors. d. cutting the quality of his products.

4 Page Which of the following did Social Darwinism discourage? a. hard work b. industrialization c. government regulation d. the accumulation of wealth 18. Which of the following is true of the Sherman Antitrust Act? a. It was practically impossible to enforce. b. It was supported by millionaire industrialists. c. It was used by labor unions to fight for workers' rights. d. It encouraged the establishment of large-scale businesses. 19. In what industry did the Great Strike of 1877 take place? a. steel b. textiles c. railroads d. coal mining 20. In which of the following places did 146 female workers die in a fire? a. Haymarket Square b. the Pullman factory c. the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory d. Carnegie Steel's Homestead Plant 21. In the late 1800s, collective bargaining was a technique used to a. expand industry. b. win workers' rights. c. restrict labor unions. d. organize labor unions. 22. During the late 1800s, scabs were unpopular with other workers because scabs were a. socialists. b. federal troops. c. part of management. d. workers used to break strikes.

5 Page Match the description with the person. a. labor leader b. industrialist or robber baron c. inventor or scientific innovator 1. Edwin L. Drake 2. Henry Bessemer 3. Eugene V. Debs 4. Samuel Gompers 5. Christopher Sholes 7. John D. Rockefeller 8. Thomas Alva Edison 9. George Westinghouse 10. Alexander Graham Bell 11. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones 6. George M. Pullman 24. What made it possible, during the 1800s, to construct skyscrapers? a. electric power b. fire safety standards c. the invention of the elevator d. new methods of making steel 12. William "Big Bill" Haywood 25. The use of standardized time that utilized time zones was introduced in order to benefit a. telephone and telegraph operators. b. railroad companies and train travelers. c. manufacturers who dealt in interstate trade. d. factory owners whose workers had set schedules. 26. All of the following are true of Pullman, Illinois, EXCEPT a. it was well-constructed and clean. b. the Pullman company owned the entire town. c. the residents elected the officials who ran the town. d. the residents were Pullman workers and their families. 27. To whom did the Interstate Commerce Act give the right to supervise railroad activities? a. the federal government b. railroad company officials c. farmers' groups such as the Grange d. a select committee of wealthy industrialists

6 Page Industrial consolidation and trusts functioned during the late 1800s to reduce a. corruption. b. monopolies. c. competition. d. interstate commerce. 29. Andrew Carnegie became a tremendously successful businessman by doing all of the following EXCEPT a. hiring scientists. b. vertically integrating. c. buying out competitors. d. paying his labor force well. 30. Social Darwinism was used to justify all of the following EXCEPT a. the existence of poverty. b. the success of big business. c. the power of millionaire industrialists. d. government regulation of business and the economy. 31. How did the Sherman Antitrust Act affect labor unions? a. It legalized them. b. It outlawed them. c. It restricted the types of actions that they could take. d. It expanded the types of actions that they could take. 32. The Industrial Workers of the World was organized by a. radical unionists and socialists. b. female workers in the dressmaking trade. c. railroad workers, both skilled and unskilled. d. African-American workers, both skilled and unskilled. 33. Among other things, the investigation of the Triangle Shirtwaist fire resulted in a. the imprisonment of company officials. b. the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act. c. the adoption of equal wages for men and women. d. changes in local labor laws for women and children. 34. The term scabs is used to describe workers who a. are on strike. b. are unskilled. c. are used to break strikes. d. pledge not to join unions.

7 Page Match the person with the description. a. Edwin L. Drake d. John D. Rockefeller b. Eugene V. Debs e. Thomas Alva Edison c. Christopher Sholes f. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones 1. invented the typewriter 2. first successfully used a steam engine to remove oil from beneath the earth's surface 3. ran the American Railway Union and later ran for president several times as a socialist 4. organized coal miners, their wives, and their children to fight for better working conditions 5. created trusts and was criticized as a robber baron while serving as head of the Standard Oil Company 6. perfected the incandescent light bulb, created an electrical power system, and organized power plants 36. Which of the following resources was LEAST important to the growth of industry in the last half of the 19th century? a. oil b. iron c. coal d. wood 37. In which of the following areas was electric power first widely used? a. lighting b. transportation c. manufacturing d. communications 38. Between 1850 and 1900, the population of MOST U.S. cities a. decreased slightly. b. increased slightly. c. increased tremendously. d. remained about the same. 39. The robber barons of the late 1800s were a. powerful industrialists. b. corrupt government officials. c. labor sympathizers who engaged in violence. d. private security guards hired by industrialists.

8 Page Which of the following did the Sherman Antitrust Act make illegal? a. some labor unions b. all labor unions c. all corporate mergers d. trusts and monopolies 41. John D. Rockefeller made his millions in a. oil. b. steel. c. banking. d. railroads. 42. In the late 1800s, the federal government used troops to a. defeat strikes. b. protect striking workers. c. turn back strikebreakers. d. do the work left undone by strikers. 43. By the end of the 1800s, membership in labor unions had a. become illegal. b. increased slightly. c. decreased slightly. d. decreased dramatically.

9 1. 1. c; 2. e; 3. b; 4. a; 5. d; 6. d Chapter: 6 Question: 1 2. true Chapter: 6 Question: 3 3. George M. Pullman Chapter: 6 Question: 4 4. Crédit Mobilier (construction company) Chapter: 6 Question: 5 5. true Chapter: 6 Question: 6 6. (federal) government Chapter: 6 Question: i; 2. h; 3. g; 4. k; 5. j; 6. e; 7. b; 8. d; 9. f; 10. a; 11. c Chapter: 6 Question: 9 8. a b, c, and d are also correct answers Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: a d is also a correct answer Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: b Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: b Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: c; 2. c; 3. a; 4. a; 5. c; 6. b; 7. b; 8. c; 9. c; 10. c; 11. a; 12. a Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: 35

10 25. b Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. f; 5. d; 6. e Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: c Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: a Chapter: 6 Question: d Chapter: 6 Question: 60