Benchmarking National Innovation Capability: Indicators Framework and Primary Findings

Transcription

1 Benchmarking National Innovation Capability: Indicators Framework and Primary Findings Presentation at the OECD-MOST Indicator Workshop Chongqing, China October 19-20, 2006 Yang Qiquan, Gao Changlin, Song Weiguo, Wu Chen National Research Center for Science and Technology for Development

2 Contents Background Indicators Framework Factors for Choice of Indicators Methods Primary Findings

3 Background China faces a lot of challenges: Domestic: Natural resources pressure Environment pressure Employment pressure Regional disparity Income disparity International : Innovation trend in developed countries More and more intellectual property suits The increasing trade disputes with developed countries

4 In what way will China keep sustainable development Three kinds of countries 1. Nature-resource-based countries 2. Dependent countries 3. Innovation-based countries In the traditional way 2 In a innovative way 3 Transforming China into an innovative nation and building a harmonious Chinese society

5 Indicators Framework comprehensive index for National Innovation Capability 1. Input for Innovation 2.Knowledge Creation 3. Diffusion and Application of Knowledge 4. Output of Innovation

6 1.Input for Innovation 1. GERD as a percentage of GDP 2. R&D personnels (FTE) per 10,000 people 3. School enrollment in tertiary education, (% gross) 4. Public expenditure on education as % of GDP 5. Gross Expenditure on R&D GERD

7 2.Knowledge Creation 6. The number of citation of S&E articles SCI per million dollars of academic research expenditure 7. The number of S&E articles per R&D personnel (FTE) 8. The number of triadic patent families per business R&D personnel (FTE) 9. The number of invention patents (granted) per 100,000 people 10. The number of invention patents (granted)

8 3. Diffusion and Application of Knowledge 11.ICT expenditures as a percentage of GDP 12. Internet users per 10,000 inhabitants 13. Value added of the high-tech industry as a percentage of GDP 14. Value added of the knowledge-based services as a percentage of GDP 15. Value added of the high-tech industry

9 4. Output of Innovation 16. Technological independency (GERD / GERD expenditure on imported Technology ) 17. Overall productivity 18. The share of high-tech product export in Manufactured product export 19. Dollar of GDP per kg OE 20. Total value of high-tech product export

10 Factors for Choice of Indicators 1. Refer to international indicators system on innovation abroad 2. Based on concept of innovationbased countries 3.Principles for choice of indicators

11 International indicators systems on innovation European indicators for innovation performance European Innovation Scoreboard Australian indicators for innovation performance New Zeeland indicators for innovation performance Canadian indicators for innovation performance

12 European indicators for innovation performance EIS indicators are categorized into four groups: 1 Human resources 2 knowledge creation 3 Diffusion and Application of Knowledge 4 Innovation finance, output and markets

13 Australian indicators for innovation performance 1 Human resources 2 Knowledge creation 3 Financing support 4 Diffusion of knowledge 5 International cooperation 6 Benefit from market

14 Canada indicators for innovation performance Human resources knowledge creation Diffusion of knowledge Financing innovation Financing support Economical Performance International cooperation

15 2.Based on concept of innovation-based countries National innovation capability should be performed throughout process of innovation from input to output. Innovation-based countries refer to those countries having strong comprehensive capability or better performance in the following four aspects: 1 Input for innovation 2 knowledge creation 3 Diffusion and application of knowledge 4 output and influence result from innovation

16 3.Principles for choice of indicators Being measurable or quantitative Reflecting comprehensive capability for a nation performed in whole process of innovation from input to output Focusing on competitiveness in innovation To seek a balance of indicators suitable for both big countries and small countries Taking account of data availability Being internationally comparable

17 x ij x ij X S j j Methods Using methods of Benchmarking on reference of European Innovation Scoreboard, IMD world competitiveness yearbook and other reports from world bank,unesco etc.

18 Data processing x ij x ij S j X j X j X ij N y S ij 2 j x 2 ij N x ij max min x ij x ij min x i 1-40, i for the sequence number of countries; j=1-20, j for the sequence number of indicators ij

19 Comprehensive index for National Innovation Capability B Y ik 5 E ij y i (j j 1 5 k - 5) k 1-4 B i 4 k 1 Z ik Y ik i 1-40

20 Data Sources OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook UNESCO,Global Education Data NSF,Science and Engineering Indicators World Bank, World Development Indicators UNCTAD, Handbook of Statistics China S&T Statistics Yearbook China Statistical Yearbook China Education Statistics Yearbook

21 Primary Findings Preliminary results : Giving ranks for 40 countries in terms of comprehensive index value by means of benchmarking methods using the same weight

22 Benchmarking India Brazil Russian Federation China Korea Netherlands France Denmark Germany Sweden Finland Switzerland United Kingdom Japan United States Ranks benchmarking 4. Output of Innovation 3. Diffusion and Application of Knowledge 2.Knowledge Creation 1.Input for Innovation Country

23 Ranks India Brazil Russian Federation China Korea Netherlands France Denmark Germany Sweden Finland Switzerland United Kingdom Japan United States Total 4. Output of Innovation 3. Diffusion and Application of Knowledge 2.Knowledge Creation 1.Input for Innovation country

24 Primary Findings 1-11th countries: United States,Japan,United Kingdom,Switzerland, Finland,Sweden,Germany,Denmark,France,Netherlands and Korea China ranks for the 27 th in 40 countries in terms of comprehensive index value For one level of 4 indicators China shows better capability in Diffusion and application of knowledge comparing to other aspects, ranking for the 11 th The next is capability in Output of Innovation in China, ranking for the 16 th The third is lower capability in Knowledge Creation in China, ranking for the 33 th The lowermost is capability in Input for Innovation,, ranking for the 39 th

25 Preliminary Conclusion China s comprehensive competitiveness in innovation at middle-lower level in the world Now China locates such a phase at which China imports and applies innovation results from developed countries on a large scale. Transforming China into an innovative nation in 15 years is an ambitious target for China s National Long and Medium Term S&T Planning. It is a long way to go for China.

26 Future Research To improve methods for assessment of innovation-based countries Further developing new indicators To seek more useful data To enhance international co-operation Our intention To provide report on assessing innovation-based countries for policymaking every year

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