China s R&D & Innovation Policies

Transcription

1 China s R&D & Innovation Policies 26 March 2012 Lars Christensen Technology & Science Attaché Innovation Center Denmark, Shanghai

2 Innovation Center Denmark Back to the future? Quick Overview of Chinese R&D and Innovation MLP & 5YP s (2006->) Policies, Programmes and Priorities Today China s Performance? Future Challenges

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4 New type of representation in international hot spots. Facilitates access to innovation drivers like capital, networks, knowledge, technology, and markets Centers in Silicon Valley (June 2006), Shanghai (September 2007), and Munich (June 2008) Hong Kong on design (November 2011) and science attache in São Paulo (September 2011)

5 Strenghten Danish research and innovation Promote Denmark as a knowledge society

6 Commercial Innovation Support Danish companies with improving their innovation Investment promotion Attract foreign companies to invest in Denmark Science and Higher Education Connect Danish and foreign research institutions and universities

7 Top Talent Attract more and better Chinese talent to Danish universities and Danish companies in China Green Innovation Promote new clean-tech collaboration between researchers in DK/China Evidence-based Match-making Map the Chinese elite researchers and match-make with DK Welfare Technology Map trends and technologies in DK/China to initiate new collaboration Suitable for Growth Support midsized DK companies to innovate their way into the Chinese market MidtNET Promote knowledge based collaboration between Central Denmark Region and Shanghai Nordic Green Promotion of Nordic forward thinking and innovative green energy solutions for the future Sound Technology 2.0 Sound collaboration between researchers and companies in DK/China Simply Danish Design Promote Danish industrial design competences in collaboration with Chinese TV Producer

8 To increase Danish access to and insight into Chinese educational, research and innovative environments To facilitate the access to create knowledge and innovation in cooperation with Chinese partners To increase the attraction of Chinese talents to Danish universities, business enterprises and institutions

9 Geograhical areas Research areas Instruments Chongqing Clean & renewable energy Biomedicine- & technology Nanoscience & - technology Life sciences ICT Agricultural- & foodtechnology Design & architecture Cultural & language studies Management & organisational studies Welfare & societal research Joint programme with NSFC on nano, cancer, energy and ICT Joint programme with MOST in sustainable energy Chinese Industrial PhD Programme International network programme (Bilateral R&D partner countries; e.g. China (incl. Hong Kong), India, Japan and Brazil)

10 Back to the Future?

11 Source: Angus Maddison, OECD 11

12 Inventions: Compass, gunpowder, fireworks, paper, printing, astronomy, clocks, mathematics, medicine (herbs and acupuncture), spaghetti, silk and porcelain

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14 Fake Apple stores found in Kunming city, China Chinese officials find another 22 fake Apple stores in one city First there were the fake Chinese Apple stores, now there's a counterfeit IKEA China now has fake IKEA store: when will we all stop copying? This fake Chinese IKEA store might be better than the real Ikea

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16 Quick Overview of Chinese R&D and Innovation

17 1978: The Four Modernizations (S&T, industry, agriculture and defence with S&T being the key) Plans/decisions: The restoration of the national education system The development of qualified S&T-personnel The establishment of national Leading Group for Science & Technology of the State Council

18 1985: First decision on reforming the S&T System to the orientation reliance-principle Plans/actions: Institutional reform Reforming the funding and allocation systems for S&T and launched several programs Introduction of technology contracts and transfer to promote commercialization of research results Introduction of market mechanisms to strenghten enterprises capacity for technology development Reform of the S&T personnel management, making it meritbased

19 MLP & 5YP s (->2006)

20 Goals: Enterprise-based and innovation-driven country by 2020 Scientific powerhouse by 2050 Priorities and means: Over 68 prioritized areas and themes Over 75 supportive policies

21 agriculture energy environment information technology and modern services manufacturing national defense population health public security transportation urbanization and urban development water and mineral resources

22 advanced energy advanced manufacturing aerospace and aeronautics biotechnology information technology lasers new materials ocean technologies

23 cognitive science structure of matter core mathematical themes earth system processes and resources, environmental and disaster affects, chemical processes life processes condensed matter new approaches to scientific experimentation and observation research technologies

24 developmental and reproductive biology nanotechnology protein science quantum

25 Advanced numerically-controlled machine tools and basic manufacturing technology Control and treatment of AIDS, hepatitis, and other major diseases Core electronic components, including high-end chip design and software Extra large-scale integrated circuit manufacturing Drug innovation and development Genetically modified organisms High-definition earth observation systems

26 Balanced Growth GDP-target Domestic consumption Urbanisation Industries upgrading and emerging Inclusive Growth Social welfare reforms Education Urbanisation Housing Go west Sustainable Growth Energy efficiency New Energy Industries upgrading and emerging Key driver: Science, innovation and technology

27 2010 Target 2015 Target 2020 Target R&D of GDP 2,0% 2,2% 2,5% Education of GDP 4,0 % Dependence on foreign technology 30 % Patents per capita 3,3 World ranking in terms of scientific publications World ranking in terms of citations Top5 Top5

28 Policies, Programmes and Priorities Today

29 National Innovation System

30 2006: The Medium & Long-term National Plan for S&T Development ( ) & Chinas National S&T Development Plan for 11th 5- year Period (e.g.): 10 prioritized fields (e.g. energy; water ressources; health) 8 frontier technologies (e.g. biotechnology; nanotechnology; new materials; information technology) Government R&D to reach 2,0 % in 2010 and 2,5 % in 2020 Top10 country in number of scientific publications and in top5 in 2020 Top15 country in number og granted patents The next 5-year Plan ( ): March 2011

31 National Programme for Key Technology R&D, 5.1 Billion RMB in 2008 National Programme for Tigh Tech R&D (863 programme), 5.6 billion RMB in 2008 National Programme for Key Basic R&D (the 973 programme), 1.9 billion RMB in 2008 National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC), 5 billion RMB in 2008

32 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Knowledge Innovation Programme Universities 211 Program: Funding to about 100 universities to develop key disciplines Program 985: Funding to 40 universities to become international world-class universities Facilities Laboratory Programs over 200 infrastrictures at CAS and universities

33 100, 1,000 and 100,000 Talents Programme, Distinguished young scholars, Overseas Chinese Young Scholars Yangtze River Scholars Programme

34 Special economic zones Free-trade zones State-level economic and technological development zones New and high-tech industrial development zones Innovation Fund for Small Technology-based Firms, 1.4 billion RMB in 2008

35 Embedded in each of the above.

36 New energy Energy conservation and environmental protection Clean-energy vehicles Biotechnology High-end equipment manufacturing New materials Next-generation IT Expected investment: RMB 14 billion in 12 5YP % 8 % 15 % Contribution to GDP

37 Indigenous Innovation Intellectual Property Rights Technology Transfer Rights

38 China s Performance

39 Total R&D investments (billion USD) 6,1 12,5 30,1 66,5 R&D investments in % of GDP 0,64 0,95 1,34 1,54 Business share of R&D investments in % Number of students at higher education institutions (million) ,2 7,2 15,6 20,2 Number of researchers (FTE in million) 0,56 0,74 1,12 1,60 China Statistical Yearbook 2009; OECD 2009

40 Scientific publications (in 1000) 35,3 64,5 153,4 196,6 Patent applications accpeted (in 1000) 144,2 203,6 476,3 828,3 Export of high technology in % of total export 8,9 17,5 28,6 29,1

41 World Regional National Harvard University University of Cambridge University of Hong Kong Peking University Hong Kong University of Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Tsinghua University Technical University of Denmark Aarhus University University of Copenhagen Times Higher Education 2010

42 Royal Society, 2011

43 Royal Society, 2011

44 Field Count Share (%) Count Share (%) Rank Growth Materials Science 20, , Chemistry 44, , Physics 31, , Mathematics 7, , Engineering 19, , Thompson Reuters 2009

45 Field Count Share (%) Count Share (%) Rank Growth Agricultural Sciences 1, , Immunology , Microbiology , Computer Science Molecular Biology & Genetics , , , Thompson Reuters 2009

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49 2010 Target 2010 Result 2015 Target 2020 Target R&D of GDP 2,0% 1,75% 2,2% 2,5% Education of GDP 3,2 % 4,0 % Dependence on foreign technology Approx. 50 % Patents per capita 1,1 3,3 30 % World ranking in terms of scientific publications World ranking in terms of citations Top5 (in 2008) Top5 (in 2008) Top5 Top5

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51 From government to governance Market-structure Maturity of science systems Framework conditions Teaching model Share of basic research Technology-focus

52 Lars Christensen Technology & Science Attaché Innovation Center Denmark, Shanghai Mail: Tel.: URL: LinkedIn: -Center-Denmark-Shanghai ?gid= &trk=hb_side_g Blog: (only in Danish)