Science, Technology & Innovation Indicators

Transcription

1 Science, Technology & Innovation Indicators Adnan Badran NASIC Conference cum Workshop on Herbal Drug Development for Socio-economic Uplift in Developing World The University of Jordan, September 6-8, 2015

2 For Science and technology and Innovation, basic education is prerequisite for a sound higher education and R&D for development, it should achieve Education for All: GOAL 1: Early childhood care & education Improving comprehensive early childhood care & education. GOAL 2: Universal primary education Ensuring that by 2015 all children, have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality. GOAL 3: Youth & Adult skills Learning needs of all young people and adults are met appropriate learning and life skills programs. GOAL 4: Adult literacy Improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015, especially for women. GOAL 5: Gender equality Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by GOAL 6: Quality of Education Improving all aspects of the quality of education and ensuring excellence. 2

3 SCIENCE Indicators 3

4 Expenditure Indicators 4

5 The United States remains the world s largest R&D investor $465 Billion spending in This is a globally competitive level of research intensity equal to 2.8% of U.S. GDP Total investment in R&D (as a percentage of GDP) stay relatively steady throughout the world in AMERICAS 2.5% 2.4% 2.5% ASIA 1.8% 1.9% 1.9% EUROPE 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% REST OF WORLD 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 5

6 US $ Billion GDP growth in Asia will continue to drive higher in absolute levels of gross expenditure on R&D. Asia (20 countries) Americas (21) Europe (34) Rest of World (36) Source: Battelle & R&D Magazine 6

7 Expenditures for R&D in selected countries (as a percentage of GDP) Israel Finland Japan Germany United States Iceland Australia France Singapore China Canada United Kingdom Italy Brazil Turkey India South Africa as a % of GDP Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 7

8 Expenditures for R&D in the Arab World (as a percentage of GDP) as a % of GDP Iraq Saudi Arabia Kuwait Egypt Jordan United Arab Emirates Morocco Tunisia Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 8

9 Expenditures for R&D: Selected regions (as a percentage of GDP) Euro Area World East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Caribbean South Asia Europe & Central Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 9

10 GDP per capita in U.S. dollars Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in selected global regions at current prices in 2014 (in U.S. dollars) , , , , , , , , , North America Euro area EU Europe & Latin America Central Asia & Caribbean East Asia & Pacific Arab World Africa Sub- Sahara South Asia Source: 10

11 Drug Development Costs Have Increased According to a 2014 study, it costs an average of $2.6 billion to develop one new drug. Less than 12% of the candidate that make it into phase I clinical trials will be approved by the FDA. The average cost to develop one new approved drug- including the cost of failures (Constant 2013 Dollars) Source: Tufts CSDD10 11

12 U.S U.S U.S U.S Global Global Global Global US $ billion CHEMISTRY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS Factors Driving R&D Investment Like most industries, resources to fund R&D activities are strongly connected to industry bottom lines. As the markets for chemical and advanced materials products have rebounded post-recession, investments in industry R&D also have increased. These investments are directly tied to developing new, market-leading chemicals and materials for which higher margins can be achieved Chemicals & Advanced Mat ls Industry R&D Spending Source: Battelle/R&D Magazine estimates

13 Corporate leaders in ICT R&D investment The U.S. leadership in ICT R&D remains strong, with both Intel and Microsoft exceeding US$10 billion in 2012 R&D investment, and Google s and Intel s R&D investments growing by 40% and 27%, respectively, in each of the last two years. The innovation and R&D intensive nature of the global ICT industry is evident with all of the U.S. and global leasers firms exceeding 5% and Intel reaching 19%. Source: Battelle/R&D Magazine, Schonfeld & Associates, European Commission-JRC/EIRI 13

14 Corporate leaders in Chemical and materials R&D The diverse nature of the global chemicals and advanced materials R&D is reflected in the chart. The largest U.S. firm, DuPont, though currently smaller than both Bayer and BASF, has been growing at an annual average rate nearing 15% over the past two years. Beyond DuPont, the remaining Top 5 U.S. firms all have experienced growth over the last two years. At around 8% of sales, Bayer has the highest R&D intensity among large chemical companies. Source: Battelle/R&D Magazine, Schonfeld & Associates, European Commission-JRC/EIRI 14

15 Research Indicators 15

16 RESEARCHERS IN R&D (per million people) Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students engaged in R&D are included. TECHNICIANS IN R&D (per million people) Technicians in R&D and equivalent staff are people whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in engineering, physical and life sciences (technicians), or social sciences and humanities (equivalent staff). They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. 16

17 Research and Development (R&D) in selected countries Researchers &Technicians (full-time equivalent per million people ( ) US united kingdom Turkey South Africa Singapore Japan Italy Israel India Iceland Germany France Finland China Canada Brazil Australia 1, ,820 1, ,876 1,683 1, ,020 1, ,120 3,979 4,024 4,139 3,918 4,563 4,280 5,158 6,438 6,602 7,012 7, ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Technicians full-time equivalent per million people Researchers full-time equivalent per million people Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 17

18 Research and Development (R&D) in the Arab World Researchers &Technicians (full-time equivalent per million people ( ) 2,000 1,800 1,837 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Egypt Iraq Kuwait Morocco Tunisia Researchers full-time equivalent per million people Technicians full-time equivalent per million people Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 18

19 Research and Development (R&D) in selected regions Researchers &Technicians (full-time equivalent per million people ( ) 3,500 3,277 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,510 1,285 Researchers 1, , East Asia & Pacific 183 Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean 631 Middle East &North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Euro area World Researchers full-time equivalent per million people Technicians full-time equivalent per million people Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 19

20 Percentage of R&D spending Percentage of global research and development spending in 2014, by industry Computing & Eectronics Healthcare Auto Industrials Software & Internet Chemicals & Energy Other Aerospace & Defense Telecom Source: 20

21 as a share of GDP Government-funded research performed in the higher education sector 2008 by selected countries worldwide (as a share of GDP) Source: 21

22 Percentage change in business-funded research for the higher education sector by selected countries from 2000 to 2008 Percentage change 0.0% 50.0% 100.0% 150.0% 200.0% 250.0% 300.0% 350.0% Hungary China Iceland Taiwan Israel Austria Russia Spain Australia Switzerland Portugal Slovenia Finland Estonia Netherlands 119% 110% 96% 91% 80% 75% 74% 70% 157% 156% 151% 180% 210% 283% 296% Source: 22

23 Percentage of researchers Percentage of researchers with dual relationships at selected pharmaceutical companies as of % 16.0% 15.7% 15.1% 14.9% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 12.7% 10.2% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 7.9% 7.7% 7.6% 6.7% Source: 23

24 Global Researcher Survey Demographics Basic Research Applied research Development Consulting & Other Total Academia/University 29% 25% 1% 1% 56% Research Institute 9% 8% 1% 1% 19% Government 1% 3% 0% 0% 4% Domestic Corp. 0% 2% 2% 2% 6% Multinational Corp. 1% 7% 3% 1% 12% Other Organizations 1% 2% 0% 0% 3% Total 41% 47% 7% 5% 100% Source: Battelle, R&D Magazine 24

25 Global Research Future Sustainable Funding Source: Battelle, R&D Magazine 25

26 BROAD FACTORS INFLUENCING RESEARCH % of Total respondents Government s understanding of Science & technology issues 38% Sustainable development 32% Demand for renewable /sustainable energy 31% Climate change/global warming 30% Healthcare for the aging 27% Citizens understanding of science & technology issues 24% Constrained national budgets 21% Environmental clean-up/remediation 21% Global population growth 18% Global food supply 16% Source: Battelle, R&D Magazine 26

27 Challenges Identifies by Researchers % of Total respondents U.S Non-US Limited External Funding 36% 29% Limited Internal Budget 26% 25% Lack of Time to be creative/innovative 26% 24% Lack of long Term Budget/Perspective 25% 24% Travel Restrictions/Lack of Funding 21% 16% Prioritizing Research Efforts 15% Assembling a Strong Research Team 14% 20% Competition 14% Translating Research into Products 10% 15% Finding New Collaborators 17% Skilled Worker Shortages 16% Source: Battelle, R&D Magazine 27

28 Non-U.S U.S. Collaboration Patterns Among Companies & Institutions Collaboration Partner Academia Research institute Government Domestic corporation Multinational Corp None Academia 91% 40% 42% 23% 25% 4% Domestic Corp. 56% 28% 32% 44% 36% 8% Multinational Corp. 71% 31% 33% 35% 56% 13% Government 87% 53% 67% 53% 33% 0% Research Institute 96% 61% 48% 30% 26% 0% U.S. Total 86% 39% 41% 28% 30% 5% Academia 87% 55% 21% 32% 30% 3% Domestic Corp. 67% 48% 38% 52% 38% 0% Multinational Corp. 73% 47% 19% 29% 56% 10% Government 77% 55% 55% 32% 14% 9% Research Institute 74% 60% 25% 32% 30% 6% Non- U.S. Total 80% 55% 25% 32% 33% 5% All respondents total 82% 48% 32% 30% 32% 5% Source: Battelle, R&D Magazine 28

29 Expenditure (in billion U.S. dollars) Ranking of the 20 companies with the highest spending on research and development in 2014 (in billion U.S. dollars) Source: 29

30 Nobel Prizes in Science & Medicine European and U.S. shares accommodating emerging regions Source: Battelle & R&D Magazine 30

31 Scientific Publications Indicators 31

32 SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL JOURNAL ARTICLES Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Source: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators 32

33 US China Japan Germany united kingdom France Canada Italy India Australia Brazil Turkey Israel Finland Singapore South Africa Iceland Number of Scientific & Technical Journal articles in selected countries ,096 4,878 4, , ,603 31,686 29,017 47,106 46,259 46,035 89, , , , , , ,000 Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 33

34 Number of Scientific & Technical Journal articles in the Arab World Libya Yemen Sudan Iraq Syria Qatar Kuwait Lebanon United Arab Emirates Jordan Morocco Tunisia Saudi Arabia Egypt Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 34

35 Number of Scientific & Technical Journal articles 2011 in selected regions , Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East &North Africa Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean South Asia East Asia & Pacific Euro area World Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 35

36 Percentage of worldwide scientific publications by country Percentage of scientific publications 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% USA 21% Japan Great Britain Germany 6% 6% 7% France 4% China 10% Italy Canada 3% 4% Russia % Spain India 2% 3% Other 34% Source: 36

37 Share of publications Distribution of biomedical science publications worldwide in 2011, by region 40.0% 35.0% 36.6% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 28.7% 10.0% 7.9% 8% 7% 8.8% 5.0% 0.0% 2.4% 0.6% Brazil China Germany Japan Singapore United Kingdom United States Rest of world Source: 37

38 TECHNOLOGY INDICATORS 38

39 39

40 US $ million High technology exports in selected countries (US $ million 2013) High technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 40

41 High technology exports in the Arab World US $ million 2013 High technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars Morocco Tunisia Saudi Arabia Kuwait Jordan Egypt United Arab Emirates Lebanon Syria Qatar Yemen US $ million Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 41

42 World High technology exports in selected regions US $ million 2013 High technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars , Middle East & North America Europe & Central Asia South Asia Latin America & Caribbean Euro Area World Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 42

43 % of manufactured exports High technology exports in selected countries (% of manufactured exports) 2013 High technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinists, and electrical machinery Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 43

44 High technology exports in the Arab World (% of manufactured exports) 2013 High technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinists, and electrical machinery. Morocco Tunisia Lebanon Jordan Kuwait Syria Sudan Saudi Arabia Egypt Yemen Qatar Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 44

45 % of manufactured exports High technology exports 2013 In selected regions (% of manufactured exports) High technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinists, and electrical machinery Middle East & North America Sub -Saharan Africa South Asia Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean Euro Area World East Asia & Pacific Source: 2015 World Development Indicators- World Bank 45

46 INNOVATION INDICATORS 46

47 Sources of Innovation Source: Battelle/R&D Magazine survey 47

48 Leading indicators of Innovation China is rapidly gaining in patent applications and scientific publications Source: WIPO; Nature Publishing Index 48

49 PATENT INDICATORS 49

50 Domestic and foreign patent applications filed in selected countries India Brazil Russia China Canada United States Germany Japan South korea Patent applications filed per one million people Source: Compiled by the Nature magazine, May

51 Distribution of biotechnology patents filed between 2010 &2012, by selected countries Share of countries in patents 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% United States 40.94% EU % Japan 11.45% BRIICS** Germany Korea France China United Kingdom Canada Netherlands Switzerland Spain Denmark Australia 6.58% 6.25% 4.86% 4.74% 4.4% 3.81% 2.39% 2% 1.78% 1.64% 1.63% 1.54% Source: 51

52 Patent Applications filed PATENT APPLICATIONS, RESIDENTS Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. PATENT APPLICATIONS, NONRESIDENTS Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Source: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Patent Report: Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activity. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. 52

53 Patent Applications filed in selected countries 2013 Residents Non-Residents Residents Non-Residents Australia 3,061 20,656 India 10,669 32,362 Brazil 4,959 25,925 Israel 1,201 4,984 Canada 4,567 30,174 Italy 8, China 704, ,200 Japan 271,731 56,705 Finland 1, Singapore 1,143 8,579 France 14,690 2,196 South Africa 638 6,657 Germany 47,353 15,814 Turkey 4, Iceland United kingdom 14,972 7,966 United States 287, ,781 Source: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Patent Report: Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activity. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. 53

54 Patent Applications filed in the Arab World 2013 Residents Non-Residents Egypt 641 1,416 Jordan Morocco Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia United Arab Emirates 18 1,408 Yemen Source: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Patent Report: Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activity. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. 54

55 Patent Applications filed in 2013: in selected regions Residents Non-Residents East Asia & Pacific 709, ,727 Europe & Central Asia 12,983 3,983 Latin America & Caribbean 6,596 44,983 Middle East & North Africa 12,571 4,137 South Asia 11,229 33,592 Sub-Saharan Africa.... Euro area 82,521 20,358 World 1,624, ,304 Source: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Patent Report: Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activity. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. 55

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