Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2012
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1 Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2012 AN OECD SCOREBOARD OECD
2 Table of Contents Acronyms and abbreviations 13 Chapter 1. Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs: Understanding and Developing an OECD Scoreboard 15 Introduction 16 Indicators 16 Data collection 17 Cross-country comparability 18 Definition of indicators and data collection: Current challenges and recommendations 18 Recommendations for data improvements 20 Chapter 2. Emerging Trends in SME and Entrepreneurship Finance 21 Introduction 22 Business environment and economic prospects 22 Lending to SMEs in Equity financing 28 Government responses 29 References 30 Chapter 3. Basel III and SME Lending: Thematic Focus 31 Introduction 32 Background on Basel III capital and liquidity standards 32 The basics of Basel II and III 32 Potential impact on SME lending 34 Notes,.. 41 References 41 Chapter 4. Country Profiles of SME Financing Canada 44 Chile 52 Denmark 60 Finland 66 France 74 Hungary 84 Italy 89 Korea 99 The Netherlands 105 New Zealand Ill Portugal 117 Slovak Republic 122
3 Slovenia 127 Sweden 132 Switzerland 139 Thailand 145 United Kingdom 151 United States 157 Annex A. Methodology 171 Annex B. Surveys and Statistical Resources on SME and Entrepreneurship Finance Annex C. Example of a Simplified Quantitative Demand-side Survey 187 Tables 1.1. Core indicators of the OECD Scoreboard on SME and entrepreneurship finance Bankruptcies, Growth of SME business loans, ' SME loan share of total business loans, Share of short-term SME loans, European Central Bank/European Commission survey on SME access to finance Government policy responses to improve SME access to finance during the crisis Minimum capital adequacy ratios Distribution of establishments in Canada, Venture and growth capital in Canada, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Canada, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Canada's Scoreboard.' Distribution of enterprises in Chile, Formal flows of venture and growth capital investment in Chile, Number of new direct government loans in Chile, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Chile, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Chile's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in Denmark, Share of enterprises that applied for financing in Denmark according to growth record, 2007 and Result of loan applications by size of firm in Denmark, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Denmark, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Denmark's Scoreboard Distribution of firms in Finland, Venture and growth capital investment in Finland, Incidence of solvency problems in Finland, June 2009-May SME loans and guarantees granted by Finnvera, SME export credit guarantees in Finland, Use of external finance by SMEs in Finland in the last six months, 2H
4 4.21. Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Finland, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Finland's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in France, Private equity investment in France, Measures to finance SMEs in France Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for France, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for France's Scoreboard...: Distribution of enterprises in Hungary, Venture and growth capital financing in Hungary, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Hungary, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Hungary's Scoreboard Distribution of firms in Italy, Early stage and expansion capital in Italy, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Italy, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Italy's Scoreboard Distribution of establishments in Korea, 2006.' Venture and growth capital in Korea, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Korea, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Korea's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in the Netherlands, 2010 : Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for the Netherlands, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for the Netherlands' Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in New Zealand, 2010 Ill SMEs requesting and obtaining finance in New Zealand, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for New Zealand, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for New Zealand's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in Portugal, 2008 ' Equity capital invested by stage in Portugal, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Portugal, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Portugal's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in the Slovak Republic, Breakdown of venture capital investments in SMEs in the Slovak Republic according to investment stages, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for the Slovak Republic, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for the Slovak Republic's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in Slovenia, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Slovenia,
5 4.57. Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Slovenia's Scoreboard Distribution of firms and employment in Sweden, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Sweden, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Sweden's Scoreboard Distribution of firms and employment in Switzerland, SMEs' access to finance in Switzerland, Private equity investments in Switzerland, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Switzerland, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Switzerland's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in Thailand, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for Thailand, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for Thailand's Scoreboard Distribution of enterprises in the United Kingdom, Venture and growth capital investment in the United Kingdom, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for the United Kingdom, ' Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for the United Kingdom's Scoreboard Distribution of firms in the United States, Value of small business loans outstanding for depository lenders, Value of small business loans outstanding, Number of small business loans outstanding, Number of small business loans outstanding from depository lenders, Ratio of the value of small business loans outstanding to the value of total assets of depository lenders, Ratio of the value of small business loans outstanding to the value of total business loans outstanding for depository lenders, SBA 7a and 504 loan guarantees, Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Scoreboard for the United States, : ' Financing SMEs and entrepreneurs: Definitions and sources of indicators for the United States' Scoreboard 168 A.l. Core indicators of the OECD SME and entrepreneurship finance Scoreboard A.2. Difference between national statistical and financial definitions of SMEs 176 A.3. Preferred definitions for core indicators 179 Figures 3.1. Sources of SME external finance, Bank adjustments implemented to meet Basel III: Capital position, Bank adjustments implemented to meet Basel III: Risk-weighted assets, Debt financing by source of funding, Business debt outstanding in Canada, Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Canada 50
6 4.4. Value of direct government loans from INDAP, Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Chile Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Denmark Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Finland Growth rates of bank loans to all firms in France, Credit conditions for SMEs in France and the euro area (supply side survey), Credit demand for SMEs in France and the euro area (supply side survey), ;.. T.-.-: Interest rates in France, Changes to supplier and client payment delays for SMEs in France, Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in France Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Hungary Lending to firms in Italy, Bank lending to various sectors in Italy, Payment delays in Italy, Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Italy Large enterprise and SME loans in Korea, , Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Korea \ Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in the Netherlands Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in New Zealand Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Portugal Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in the Slovak Republic Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Slovenia Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Sweden Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Switzerland Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in Thailand Lending to SMEs and corporations in the United Kingdom, Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in the United Kingdom Loan balances at depository institutions - commercial and industrial loans under USD 1 million, Senior loan officer opinion survey on bank lending practices, Demand for commercial and industrial loans, ' Per cent of small firms borrowing at least once during the quarter, Gross loans guarantees, total 7(a) and 504 programs, Trends in SME and entrepreneurship finance in the United States 167
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