Experimental Spaceplane XS-1

Transcription

1 Experimental Spaceplane XS-1 From the Past To the Future Revolutionary Access to Space Jess Sponable Tactical Technology Office Briefing prepared for: International Symposium for Personal and Commercial Spaceflight 2014 Oct 16, 2014 The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this presentation are those of the author/presenter and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. Distribution Statement A (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) 1

2 DC-X Paved the Way Ops Lab procured on 2 year schedule, $70M DC-X/XA Demonstrated Streamlined Management Aircraft-like O&M 26 hr turnaround time 2-3 hr call up/alert Small crews: 6 to 12 Minimal facilities < $600K Aircraft-Like Flight Ops Flight abort/engine out Incremental flight test All weather Critical Technologies IN MEMORIAM Flew 18 Aug 93 thru Years Later A robust commercial sector Spaceports proliferating Rapidly maturing tech Costs down X People want to go! Thank You! Dr. Bill Gaubatz 2

3 Gone But Not Forgotten! Pete Conrad George Strode Paul Klevatt Leon Zakian Gen Danny Graham Max Hunter Phil Arroyo John Hensley Bernie Theders Curtis McNeal Ron Totman Dave Forge Harry Stine

4 U.S. Launch A Growing Problem DoD payloads launched on Evolved ELV at ~$3B/year & growing Small payloads launched at ~$50M on few remaining Minotaurs Foreign competitors lead commercial launch, once dominated by U.S. No surge capability, long call-up times, typically > 2 years Budgets continue to decline, threats to space and air assets growing Falcon Evolved ELV 70m 60m 50m Pegasus Minotaur Antares ~ 1 flt/yr ~$55M/flt ~5-15 flts/yr ~$54-128M/flt ~8 DOD flts/yr > $400M/flight Foreign Boosters ~60 Commercial & Gov t flts/yr > $120M/flight 40m United States Foreign 4

5 DARPA Leadership Perspective: Attack the cost equation Collectively the space portfolio is supporting responsiveness and cost reduction of launch through ground-based systems. Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA) aims to enable responsive launch of 100-lb payloads from existing globally distributed airfields to enable next-generation tactical missions The Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) reusable vehicle capability would extend this capability to 3,000-lb payloads with aircraft-like access to space at 10X lower costs All images are artist s concept Artist Concept Artist Concept 5

6 XS-1 Vision Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) Step One to Routine, Low Cost Access to Space Break cycle of escalating space system costs Aircraft-like operability enabling low cost, responsive access to space Accelerate introduction of hypersonic technologies and next generation aircraft Responsive platform for global reach national security and commercial applications Enable residual capability for responsive launch of 3,000- to 5,000-lb payloads Open Design Space Technology Configuration Propellants Propulsion CONOPS Up To Industry Technical objectives Reusable first stage Fly XS-1 10 times in 10 days Fly XS-1 to Mach 10+ at least once Launch demo payload to orbit Design for recurring cost 1/10 Minotaur IV (< $5M/flight for 3,000 5,000 lbs to LEO at 10+ flts/yr) 6

7 Planned Schedule FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Source Selection Phase 1- Initial Design - Risk Reduction - System Design Integration KO PDR Phase 1 Propulsion Airframe XS-1 Design Phase 2 Final Design Fabrication and IA&E - Reusable aircraft Select XS-1 prime XS-1 Design CDR Phase 2 Fab IA&T - Upper stage Upper Stage Integration Phase 3 - Flight Test Campaign 1 st Fligh t Phase 3 Orbita l Flight - Transition Opportunities Technology Transition Off-Ramps USAF, NASA, Industry IDIQ 7

8 XS-1 Phase 1 Awards Phase 1 system awards The Boeing Company working with Blue Origin Northrop Grumman working with Virgin Galactic Masten Space Systems working with XCOR Technology awards/cooperative efforts Honeywell Real-time abort trajectory generation Gloyer-Taylor Labs Composite cryogen tank fabrication and test NASA Armstrong Flight Test Center Fiber Optic Sensor System (FOSS) SAS and LLNL Ox Rich Staged Combustion / Next-Gen Rocket seedlings ATK/COI CMC Thermal Protection Systems CCAT Carbon Carbon Thermal Protection Systems ORBITEC Vortex rocket engine fabrication Upcoming awards: 1 propulsion and 1 comm/space-based range awards Distribution Statement C 8

9 Long Spaceplane History SAC SON 7-79 AFSPC MNS WWII-era German Sanger Concept X-15 Rocket Plane Program (Plus other rocket planes) USAF Aerospace Plane Program, early 1960s X-20 Dynasoar Program, 1960s AFSPC CONOPS MNS 1-01 Spacelift SUSTAIN ICD SSTO Studies Science Dawn, Science Realm, TAV, MAV, Copper Canyon Have Region National Aero-Space Plane DC-X Program NASA Programs X-40/X-37 Long USAF Push for Aircraft-Like Access to Space AFRL Ground Tech Maturation 9

10 Legacy of Past Programs Space Shuttle NASP NASP $3 billion VentureStar >$10 billion $3 billion $1.3 billion Initial Goals (requirements) NASA human rated Payload 65K lbs $10M per flight AF crewed Payload < 10K lbs SSTO, scramjet powered Aircraft-like ops, fast turn NASA human rated Payload - 65K lbs SSTO, rocket powered Aircraft-like ops, fast turn Technology (at start) TRL ~3 and immature design New LOX/LH 2 SSME Unproven materials/tps Toxic OMS/RCS, etc. 1960s/1970s technology TRL ~2 and immature design New LS/RAM/SCRAM/rocket New materials/structures New LOX/LH 2 tanks New hot structure TPS, etc TRL ~3 and immature design Mod LOX/LH 2 aerospike rocket New composite structures New metallic TPS New LOX/H2 tanks, etc. Approach Expendable launch (SRB, ET) Operational after 4 flights Evolved to space station X-Plane first Incremental flight test X-Plane first Incremental flight test Outcome Successful flights Very expensive with ground standing army Never flew Design never closed Technology not available Never flew Design never closed Technology not available Past programs over specified the problem (SSTO, scramjet, heavy lift, crewed, etc.) AND relied on immature designs and technology (TRL 2/3). 10

11 What Has Changed? 20 years of investment Technology mature & affordable Affordable Composite Airframe Trimmed Full Envelope AG&C + Integrated Systems Health Management Thermal Protection Systems Autonomous Operations Responsive Ops Low Cost Upper Stage FOCC Affordable Infrastructure Design Integration Aircraft-Like Ops Integrated RLV Subsystems Ongoing Long Term High Ops Tempo Propulsion Off-the-Shelf propulsion available for demo Cycle of Prep, Launch, Recovery, and Turnaround within Single Day 250k lbf. thrust Brassboard Demos 11

12 XS-1 Aims to Enable Future Capabilities Step One: Initial Operating Capabilities 3-5K Payload 10X lower cost Enabled Futures Global Reach Capability 100X lower cost Fully Reusable Vehicle Expendable 2 nd Stage Fighter-Sized Demonstrator Flexible Launch & Landing Options Fly from Anywhere, Anytime Hypersonic Aircraft Would deliver affordable, routine space access On path to global reach capability Artist Concept 12

13 XS-1 Seeks to Push Mach capability well beyond suborbital tourism Engage FAA-DOD-Industry teams to establish safe standards of practice for new launch systems Leverage commercial sector technology (Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, XCOR, etc.) Transition vendor/subcontractor technology to commercial sector Transition some system prime technology to commercial sector Transition launch capability to commercial sector Explore new missions like hypersonic testing and point-to-point transport Enable more affordable launch expanding satellite opportunities Trailblaze next-generation commercial space technology, flight envelope, regulatory, new markets, etc. Serve as a step to fully reusable access to space technologies 13

14 XS-1 Summary XS-1 aims to create a new paradigm for more routine, responsive and affordable space operations Artist s concept Distribution Statement A (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) XS-1 seeks to: - Address growing launch costs in an era of declining budgets - Lower operating costs to enable new, game-changing capabilities - Leverage emerging suborbital launch technology & entrepreneurs - Demonstrate technology for transition to government and commercial users 14 14

15 Final Thought: Just Do It From the October 9th, 1903 edition of the New York Times: [A] flying machine which will really fly might be evolved by the combined and continuous efforts of mathematicians and mechanicians in from one million to ten million years. From Orville Wright s diary October 9th, 1903: We started assembly today.

16 Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark or other trade name, manufacturer or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply endorsement by DARPA, the Defense Department or the U.S. Government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes." Distribution Statement A (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) 16

17 Mission The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was established in 1958 to prevent strategic surprise from negatively affecting U.S. national security and create strategic surprise for U.S. adversaries by maintaining the technological superiority of the U.S. military. To fulfill its mission, the Agency relies on diverse performers to apply multi-disciplinary approaches to both advance knowledge through basic research and create innovative technologies that address current practical problems through applied research. As the DoD s primary innovation engine, DARPA undertakes projects that are finite in duration but that create lasting revolutionary change. Distribution Statement A (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) 17

18 DARPA History Sputnik Launched 1957 SATURN F1 Rocket Engine Stealth Fighter Speech Recognition Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) ARPA Established 1958 ARPANET Navigation Global Hawk Distribution Statement A (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) 18

19 Notional Government Reference X-Plane One of Many Possible Industry Solutions F-15 XS-1 Mach 10 staging with small upper stage (shown) Alternative would be Mach 5 staging with larger upper stage 61.6 ft Payload = 3,025 lbm 100x100 nmi 28.5 deg Inclination Booster Engine 2 Merlins GLOW (K lbs) MECO (K lbs) 47.4 Usable LOX/RP (K lbs) Isp (vac) 310 Stage PMF 0.84 Upper Stage GLOW (lbs) 15.0 Isp (vac) 336 Stage PMF 0.9 Payload (K lbs) 3.0 Expendable stage ~5% of stack weight Altitude, K ft Staging: Time = sec DR = 71.9 nmi Altitude = 237,155 ft Mach = Stage Vehicle (GLOW-223.9K lbs) Booster (2-Merlins) Propellant = 176.5K lbs I SP (vac) = 310 sec PMF = 0.84 Upper Stage (GLOW-15K lbs) I SP (vac) = 336 sec Downrange, nmi 19

20 XS-1 Vision 1. Break cycle of escalating space system costs Seeking path to affordable space Would enable disaggregation & resiliency strategies 10X lower launch cost changes how spacecraft are built One Example of Today s Cost Growth Spiral 2. Enable new types of aircraft & test capabilities Space access aircraft Global ISR and protection GPS Blk III Sat $ M, Launch $300M Increasing obsolescence Bigger satellites Greater complexity Longer development Fewer satellites Longer life Greater redundancy Blk I: Sat $43M, Launch $47M Affordable hypersonic aircraft Low parts count & CTE structures/tps Hypersonic testbed boost-glide systems & hypersonics Less redundancy Path to Affordable Space Smaller satellites Shorter lifetimes Fly more often More failure tolerance More frequent tech refresh Artist Concept Artist Concept 3. Enable residual capability Artist Concept Artist Concept ORS Launch single smallsat or constellations for rapid employment Support growth options including near-term modular options Modular Bi-mese Artist Concept 20

21 Stepping Stone to Future Capabilities Proposed XS-1 Program Bare Base CONOPS Mach 1-10 Space Access/ISR Vehicle Stratolaunch Systems Flight Test F-15 (Size Ref) Build XS-1 Virgin Galactic Near-Term Transition Options Hypersonic Testbed Point-to- Point Boost-Glide Transport Many Transition Options Aircraft-Like operability Commercial Capability National security global reach architectures Demonstrate Payload to LEO Artist Concept Commercial Launch for ORS, AF & Intel Enable AFSPC Full-Spectrum Launch Capability 21