Guide for the analysis of the culture and development dimension of cultural policies

Transcription

1 Capacity building fr culture and develpment Using new UNESCO plicy and prgramming tls Guide fr the analysis f the culture and develpment dimensin f cultural plicies Prepared by Patrici Jeretic Fr the Divisin fr Cultural Plicies and Intercultural Dialgue UNESCO Culture Sectr July 2010

2 2 The purpse f this dcument is t serve as a tl fr the analysis f public plicies and strategies in the field f culture, in particular with regard t the culture and develpment dimensin. The analysis f natinal cultural plicy is nt a matter f merely identifying plicy and regulatry texts applicable t culture, which is but ne f the factrs t be taken int accunt in the general dynamics and expansin f the culture sectr. 1 It is mre generally a matter f determining the actual scpe f the cultural sphere and cultural sectrs in the plicies and activities f public authrities and in sciety at large, and mre specifically, the way in which the sectr is taken int accunt in plicy decisin-making and in the frmulatin and implementatin f natinal develpment prgrammes and strategies in the varius spheres f State actin. The purpse f the analysis is t identify strengths and weaknesses, characteristic f the plitical, ecnmic and scial envirnment, which determine the weight and ptential f culture as a factr f sustainable human develpment. This analysis shuld bring t light the main prblems and bstacles that hinder full integratin f the cultural dimensin int develpment strategies and public actin, smth interactin between cultural peratrs and ther sectrs f the sciety, and the emergence f structured sectrs f cultural activity. The gal will be t recgnize pprtunities fr actin and pririties t be set in rder t enhance the ptential and maximize the cntributin f culture t hlistic scietal develpment. The guide is presented as a series f questins and analytical factrs that are nt exhaustive but tgether determine the imprtance given t culture in cmmunity develpment plicy lines and the extent t which the plitical, institutinal, regulatry and ecnmic envirnment is cnducive t the develpment f cultural activity sectrs. Each pint identified is a ptential line f actin and may be cnsidered a weakness r strength specific t the natinal cntext. The legislative and regulatry envirnment Availability f the texts f laws, plicy dcuments and specific regulatins n cultural sectrs. Is there a strategic natinal cultural plicy dcument dealing generally with the cultural dimensin in the cuntry? Is it a law, regulatin r a gvernment plicy dcument? What prcedure was fllwed in drafting, validating and adpting this/these text(s)? D the existing texts explicitly address natinal cultural plicy subjects, in particular (depending n the cntext)? the cnditins guaranteeing freedm f creatin, disseminatin and universal expressin? the cnditins guaranteeing the free flw and exchange f ideas, wrks, cultural gds and services, bth within and utside the cuntry? access by all ppulatin categries t the varius frms f expressin and manifestatin and t cultural gds and services? 1 Annex I cntains a tentative list f cultural activity sectrs.

3 3 the prtectin, preservatin and prmtin f tangible and intangible cultural heritage, including traditins and natinal/minrity languages? recgnitin f the distinctive characteristics f peratrs, firms and institutins in the culture sectr and the status f artists? identificatin and acknwledgment f all cmpnents f cultural sectrs: creatin, prductin, reprductin, disseminatin, prmtin, cnservatin, training? recgnitin and enhancement f prfessins and trades in the art and cultural sectrs? the links between educatin and culture and between the educatin system and cultural institutins? plicy n schls, institutins and training centres specialized in the arts and culture? rights and freedm f expressin f wmen and minrities and cnditins under which they have access t all frms f cultural creatin and expressin? the cnditins fr active participatin by yung peple in creatin and cultural dynamics? prmtin f intercultural dialgue natinally and internatinally? the rle f new infrmatin and cmmunicatin technlgies? Other specific regulatry texts, fr example: legislatin n intellectual prperty and implementing regulatins theref; regulatin fr the prmtin f spnsrships and the patrnage f culture; legislatin n the media and cmmunicatin. The plitical and institutinal envirnment This invlves an assessment f whether the cntributin f culture and cultural activity sectrs is explicitly recgnized and prmted as a factr f imprving the quality f life, scial integratin and the sustainable develpment f the sciety. Are strategies in supprt f cultural sectrs effectively implemented as public plicies in their wn right? In particular, in terms f: the amunt f financial and human resurces allcated t culture sectrs; the peratinal applicatin f existing texts in the field f culture; public institutins and specialized bdies/agencies cvering cultural sectrs: rganizatin, institutinal capacity, effectiveness; training f public servants wrking in the cultural sphere. What rle d lcal authrities play in the cultural field? Are cultural activity sectrs specifically taken int accunt in State decentralizatin plicies?

4 4 Is the cultural dimensin integrated int the ther spheres f gvernment actin and plicy, in particular: all levels f educatin? health, in particular public health plicies? ecnmic develpment: supprt fr ecnmic activities, industrial plicy, etc. (acknwledgment f the distinctive characteristics f cultural firms)? the scial field: prmtin f the scial integratin f disadvantaged categries (yung peple, persns with disabilities, etc.) and minrities, cnflict reslutin, prmtin f equality, etc.? the envirnment: link between culture and envirnment? internatinal trade, internatinal relatins and diplmacy? The prcess f integrating culture int natinal develpment strategies The Ministry f Culture is respnsible fr prmting an envirnment cnducive t the develpment f cultural sectrs, but plicy implementatin in this field is incumbent upn many stakehlders. Several ministries and institutins must participate s that plicies/strategies in cultural sectrs will be duly significant, effective and sustainable and will be integrated int natinal develpment strategies. In general, apart frm the ministry in charge f culture, the ther ministries and bdies cncerned are directly r indirectly respnsible fr educatin, crafts, turism, scial develpment, the ecnmy, finance, taxatin, trade, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), lcal authrities, cmmunicatins and freign affairs. The analysis shuld therefre determine: whether there are inter-ministerial/inter-institutinal bdies t crdinate cultural and sectral plicies; whether the Ministry f Culture has acted t raise awareness and cmmunicate with ther ministries/plitical decisin-makers/lcal authrities; what mechanisms are in place fr the revisin, adaptatin and develpment f current cultural develpment plicies; the extent t which the Ministry f Culture and culture sectr representatives participate in frmulating natinal develpment plicies. All stakehlders such as artists and designers, field peratrs, prfessinal assciatins, public servants, plitical authrities, institutins and the private sectr must participate actively and sustainably in the frmulatin and implementatin f a far-reaching cultural plicy. The analysis shuld therefre determine whether prvisin has been made fr: natinal/reginal/lcal cnsultatin f all parties cncerned n natinal cultural plicy r sectral plicies; arrangements fr peratrs and civil sciety t participate actively in the drafting/revisin/implementatin f plicies in the field f culture; actin t be taken t prmte the active participatin f citizens in cultural activity in the cuntry.

5 5 The internatinal dimensin Culture in the State s external affairs and freign plicy: ratificatin plicy and participatin in the drafting f internatinal legal dcuments relating t the field f culture: UNESCO Cnventins signed/ratified at the natinal level? UNESCO Declaratins adpted at the natinal level? participatin and cmmitments made within the framewrk f internatinal rganizatins perating in cultural sectrs: UNESCO and WIPO, amng thers; cultural exchange plicies and internatinal circulatin f gds, services, events, and peratrs in the culture sectr; bilateral cultural cperatin which cuntries/prgrammes are cncerned? D the cuntry s representatives participate regularly in internatinal frums n cultural subjects, in particular n issues linking culture and develpment? Which internatinal meetings/bdies are cncerned? Which representatives (f the State, private sectr, civil sciety, etc.); what is the level f representatin (ministerial, administrative, prtcl, etc.)? What cmmitments have been entered int and what internatinal actin has been taken t prtect cpyright and defend natinal intellectual prperty interests? Culture in the reginal integratin plicies in which the cuntry participates, in particular in terms f: the acknwledgment f culture and distinctive characteristics f cultural activity sectrs in reginal integratin plicies; the drafting and implementatin f specific plicies by reginal integratin rganizatins in supprt f cultural sectrs; the crdinatin f natinal/sectral plicies at the reginal level. T what extent are internatinal texts and cmmitments incrprated int natinal legislatin/regulatin and hw d public authrities apply the prvisins f internatinal cnventins and agreements n the subject? What measures have been taken natinally t facilitate peratrs access t prgrammes and resurces available internatinally fr the develpment f culture? What rle d freign partners/institutins/dnrs play in cultural develpment? Which supprt prgrammes are being implemented? The ecnmic dimensin D natinal plicies prvide fr the fllwing: specific public sectral and supprt plicies in rder t rganize and develp cultural activity sectrs which cultural activity is cncerned?

6 6 drawing up, implementing and financing a regulatry and peratinal framewrk s that they can develp and cntribute fully t ecnmic develpment effrts and actin t cmbat pverty; vcatinal training plicy fr artists, designers, peratrs, entrepreneurs, technicians, administratrs and public servants perating in cultural sectrs; specific tls fr the integratin f cultural sectrs int frmal ecnmic netwrks; specific supprt measures fr the distributin and disseminatin f cultural gds and services; taxatin measures taking int accunt the distinctive features f bth market and nn-market cultural activities, fr example: tax reductins r exemptins fr cultural gds and services; taxatin f cultural events; Are the distinctive features f cultural activity sectrs taken int accunt when: frmulating natinal ecnmic and cmmercial plicies? establishing specific financing surces? In terms f intellectual prperty: is there any legislatin and effective measure t guarantee prtectin f wrks and the rights f designers and cultural firms? institutins respnsible fr the defence f rights institutinal capacity. The private sectr and civil sciety active in cultural sectrs Develpment f peratrs and firms perating in cultural sectrs in the last few years: emergence f new peratrs and/r new sectrs f activity; which cultural activity sectrs seem t be the mst dynamic? rle f the private sectr in the establishment f new cultural firms and events. D the prfessinals and firms perating in the culture sectr belng t a prfessinal assciatin? What assciatins are there and which sectrs d they cver? What is the level f representatin f prfessinal assciatins? Hw many prfessinals frm each sectr belng t assciatins? Arrangements fr the electin f leaders, etc.; Is there a natinal league r federatin f prfessinal culture assciatins? T what extent are assciatins cnsidered cntact pints fr public authrities and internatinal partners?

7 7 Rle and interactin with public authrities: supprt plicy n the cnstitutin and functining f representative prfessinal rganizatins; interference by public authrities in the functining f prfessinal assciatins; arrangements fr prfessinal rganizatins t participate in the frmulatin and implementatin f natinal cultural develpment strategies and plicies; arrangements fr the private sectr and civil sciety t participate in effrts t cmbat piracy f cultural gds and services. Infrmatin available n the sectr Infrmatin and cmmunicatin are crss-cutting aspects f the gvernance f culture, encmpassing prductin, prcessing and disseminatin f infrmatin and data required t infrm plitical decisin-makers, civil sciety, peratrs and ther ecnmic sectrs f the rle f culture. Availability f infrmatin, skill, studies and statistics: n the imprtance and ptential f cultural activity sectrs, in particular in ecnmic terms and as a factr f sustainable develpment; t draft and implement effective cultural plicies; in rder t strengthen the rle and acknwledgment f the distinctive features f cultural sectrs in public plicies; t guide internatinal cperatin and aid prgrammes. Dcument prepared by Patrici Jeretic (jeretic@club-internet.fr)

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9 ANNEX Cultural activity sectrs The definitin f cultural activity sectrs varies accrding t the definitin used and the institutinal, ecnmic, scial, gegraphical and ther cntext. The list belw draws n the sectr s artistic and/r cultural cntent as the crucial element f the definitin. It is tentative and must be mdified/adapted t fit the cntext. I. Cultural activity sectrs Music Creatin Prductin and reprductin f all music media Technical music industries (labratries, auditriums, etc.) Marketing: prmtin, cmmercializatin, distributin, public sale Disseminatin by all means and media, including music shws Film and audivisual Prductin f cinematgraphic wrks, vides and ther audivisual prducts Technical audivisual industries Distributin and cmmercializatin f cinematgraphic and audivisual wrks Disseminatin: cinemas and ther screening lcatins, televisin channels Publishing and bks Literary creatin, prductin, graphic creatin, literary translatin Publishers, including electrnic publishing n the Internet Technical publishing industries Marketing: prmtin, cmmercializatin, distributin, public sale Specialized cultural press Libraries Radi Radi prgrammes Prductin f radi prgrammes

10 10 Heritage Built heritage cnservatin, restratin management f histrical heritage archaelgy Intangible heritage cnservatin, develpment, disseminatin ppular traditins archives Natural heritage parks and natural reserves zs, aquariums, btanical gardens cnservatin and prtectin heritage management Perfrming arts Theatre and dance trps and ther live perfrmances Theatres and halls Organizatin f perfrmances Visual arts Fine arts: painting, sculpture, engraving, drawing, etc. Phtgraphy Cntemprary art Disseminatin; Galleries and exhibitin and sale areas, rganizatin f events, fairs and exhibitins New technlgy applied t culture Cultural and educatinal sftware Cultural and educatinal Internet sites Other cultural and educatinal electrnic media

11 11 Art trades Artistic and creative crafts, prductin f cultural bjects Manufacture f musical instruments Distributin and disseminatin: galleries and exhibitin and sale areas, fairs Fashin and culturally riented creative design Manufacture and prductin f designer bjects Distributin and disseminatin: galleries and exhibitin and sale areas, fairs Scientific and technical culture Research and develpment Specialized publishing Disseminatin Architecture Cntemprary architecture Architecture applied t cultural infrastructure Cnservatin f architectural heritage Landscaping II. Crss-cutting sectrs Crss-cutting sectrs crrespnd t: activities linked primarily t culture that cut acrss varius lines f activity (cultural infrastructure); activities nt directly cultural, but dependent n activities in cultural sectrs (cultural turism); activity sectrs that have a majr impact n all lines f cultural activity (cmmunicatin, training). Cultural turism Activities linked directly t cultural turism Cultural infrastructure Multicultural centres Other cultural disseminatin facilities Museums

12 12 Disseminatin and cultural events Festivals Hlding f cultural events Training (all sectrs f cultural activity) Institutins specialized in cultural sectrs Educatin system Cntinuing and technical educatin Artistic and cultural educatin prviders and prfessinals Prfessinal exchange activities Cmmunicatin Media (press, audivisual, radi, the Internet) Prductin f artistic and cultural cntent in the media Develpment f new technlgy fr the disseminatin f cultural gds Cnservatin, prtectin and archives (all sectrs) Gvernance f culture III. The value chain Each cultural activity sectr cmprises a series f intercnnected activities that tgether enable the spirit f creativity the basic raw material f all cultural prcesses t be transfrmed int a gd r service that can be prvided t the public/cnsumer. A bk, sund recrding, shw, craft item r the built heritage give rise perfrce t a series f ecnmic r nn-ecnmic activities that cmbine effectively t give cnsumable frm t the specific cultural cntent. The varius functins required fr a sectr t perate efficiently depend, f curse, n the nature f the activity, but the fllwing tasks must generally be undertaken in rder t build a structured and sustainable line f activity: creatin prductin reprductin technical supprt industries cnservatin prmtin and cmmunicatin circulatin and disseminatin marketing infrmatin, exchange and prfessinal rganizatin.