Planetary Science s Vision 2050: Technology Challenges

Transcription

1 Planetary Science s Vision 2050: Technology Challenges Presented at the Technologies and Infrastructures Workshop for Planetary Exploration, towards 2061 Lausanne, Switzerland April 2018 Brook Lakew (1), D. Amato (1), A. Freeman (2), J. Falker (3), Elizabeth Turtle (4), J. Green (5), S. Mackwell (6), D. Daou (5) and the PSV 2050 Team. (1) NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD; (2) JPL, Pasadena, CA; (3) STMD, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA, (4) APL, Laurel, MD; (5) Planetary Science Division, NASA HQ, (6) USRA, Columbia, MD; <brook.lakew@nasa.gov> 1

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3 Introduction The Vision 2050 Workshop was held at NASA HQ and was commissioned by PSD/NASA-HQ to envision where planetary science would be in the year The program of oral and poster presentations centered around five major themes: 1. LIFE (Planetary habitats; life detection ) 2. ORIGINS (Understanding the beginnings ) 3. WORKINGS - (Solar systems; planetary processes through time 4. PLANETARY DEFENSE AND RESOURCES 5. POLICY, PATHWAYS, TECHNIQUES AND CAPABILITIES (PTC). 3

4 Technology Challenges to Address Vision 2050 grouped in 6 themes + 1 for Additional observations 1. Science Instrumentation Platforms Science Instrumentation - Architectures 2. Platforms - Architectures 3. Flight System Technologies 3. Flight System Technologies 4. Extreme Environments 4. Extreme Environments Advanced Advanced Propulsion/Transportation Propulsion/Transportation 6. Synergy with HEOMD/Commercial Space 7. Additional observations + common threads 4

5 cience Instrumentation needs for V2050 Life detection new tools and methods Biosignatures at nanoscales Advanced mass spectrometers with high resolving power Automated microfluidic systems Advanced sample handling systems Sample handling and custom delivery to instruments Sample de-salting systems Subsystems for In situ measurements Advanced drilling, coring and sampling for varied terrains Miniaturization Sample return Sample retrieval and handling Tools, systems, encapsulation and return Scooping and digging Sampling on slopes Melting subsurface ice Immersive virtual reality for sample selection/collection Cryogenic sample return capabilities Sample return from the outer solar system Advanced nano-rovers packed with labs-on-chips- Courtesy Alliance Spacesystems/JPL 5

6 Science Instrumentation needs for V2050 cont. Remote sensing instruments better spectra, better resolution, better models. Improved signal detection, noise rejection, new detectors, new vantage points Advanced instruments (asteroids): High definition imaging camera Space-qualified spatial heterodyne spectrometers Array of seismometers Penetrator packages - with calibration capabilities after impact. Advanced Earth-based laboratory analytical tools (+sustainability) Sample analysis instrumentation: In 2020s: Provide elemental, molecular, isotopic info at scales down to a single atom; preserve organics and hydrated minerals In 2030s: Vacuum transfer, at 100K (measurement of water ices/volatile organics, pristine irradiated surfaces) In 2040s: Be able to do everything at 10K Take advantage of new cryoelectronics, thermoelectronics Printable instruments and electronics 6

7 Other identified technology needs Life detection instruments for non-dna specific detection approaches In situ measurements multipoint measurements with probes Applied planetary science SmallSatinstruments for composition Remote sensing + measurements with metamaterials based instrument Mobility and access 1,000 km range rovers Power generation Fuel Cells Communications SmallSat optical comm Contamination control self-dhmr w/heaters in field Navigation Fire-and-Forget navigation - tell us when you get to destination Propulsion laser propulsion Autonomy optimize science collection via autonomy 7

8 Platforms Architectures needs Multi-target mission architectures e.g. Large s/c carrying probes to be dropped off at various locations Solar-system-wide infrastructure for communications and navigation DSN upgrade/advancement The Moon as a laboratory and gateway For planetary science experiments and research Training ground for exploring the solar system deep space gateway Extraordinary apertures for Solar system exploration and Exoplanets research Leverage large observatories In-space and self-assembly of structures New remote sensing methods Starshade with tightly aligned telescope Solar gravity lens Courtesy JWST/NASA-Goddard 8

9 Platforms Architectures needs cont. Long-term environmental monitoring Pristine environmental characterization Mother-daughter spacecraft Queen bee swarm spacecraft system SmallSats, CubeSats, ChipSats/FemtoSats Distributed sensors, multi-point measurements Modular/standard spacecraft with standard interfaces/volumes for customized instruments Sciencecrafts Multipoint measurements Courtesy NASA 9

10 Flight Systems Technology needs: Advanced communications (DSN and beyond) ISRU methods for robotic missions water, fuel, building materials Autonomous operations, landing and hazard avoidance; fully autonomous spacecraft New entry, descent/ascent, and landing (EDL); Advanced aerocapture Mobile submersibles technology development not needed, difficulty is getting them into the (distant) ocean Contamination control/planetary protection Hard landers and penetrators Advanced drones carrying science instruments at Mars or Titan- Courtesy NASA/NRL 10

11 Flight System Technology needs cont. Advanced manufacturing (3D printing) MEMS manufacturing Ubiquitous intelligence in machines Quantum computing Big data mining Advanced on-board signal processing Scalable robotic systems: Lander/rover access, mobility and robustness Power Energy storage (all-temperature) Compact Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators Surface power systems Advanced power for missions to outer solar system bodies (KBO) 11

12 Extreme Environments Technology needs High and low temperature extremes tolerant systems High temperature electronics High pressure and low pressure operations High levels of radiation tolerant systems Highly corrosive environment tolerant systems Systems designed for unknowns in the environment Reconfigurable systems to handle unexpected environments 12

13 Advanced Propulsion/Transportation needs Access to new and challenging terrains of interest (Mars) surface transportation Propulsion technology to get to the outer planets: Robotic + Human Exploration missions Launch energy and delta-v challenges (for Mercury too). Aerial mobility Mobile in situ exploration Radioisotope electric propulsion Photonic propulsion 13

14 Synergy with HEOMD/Commercial Space In-space assembly of large structures Human spaceflight program needs to work hand in hand with Science program to achieve this. In situ resource utilization (ISRU) Nascent commercial industry for prospecting and mining of Asteroids Human-aided sample retrieval/return SLS Space Launch System (heavy lift) Orion crew vehicle Use as relay for surface activity (rover, robots, avatars) Courtesy C. Godfrey (STScI) 14

15 Additional Observations Advance current planetary atmospheric models to global climate system models. Build models that merge datasets from sample analysis, experimentation, and remote sensing/telescopic/robotic observations Use the Moon as a testbed for technology/ Deep Space gateway And for Human-aided science elsewhere in the solar system Planetary is on the verge of breaking through a barrier of risk aversion and sending smaller, less reviewed s/c to space Reduce cost of missions and in general cost of access to space Do we perhaps need a Technology Decadal? 15

16 Common threads for Vision 2050 Diversity of workforce will be very important Collaboration and working together will be essentials especially between: The various disciplines of Planetary Science Engineering and science All means of exploration should The sciences: Planetary, Helio, Astro, Earth be integrated together. Human Exploration and Planetary Science NASA, academia and industry Public partnerships via crowd sourcing/open innovation Leveraging of commercial space developments We can t do everything all at once: Maintain a balanced and prioritized program Budget (and political) constraints should be considered 16

17 Artist rendering of a future Station. Could this be 2050? Courtesy Pinterest.comhttps://goo.gl/images/D6cY mj 17

18 Backup 18

19 Available Technology Plans and Roadmaps Ocean Worlds has a technology development plan Mercury Lander report from 2010 High temperature Venus Technology Plan LEAG Moon Technology Plan SBAG Technology Plan Mars Exploration roadmap Others to include? 19