The Mars Exploration Program
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1 The Mars Exploration Program Still Following the Water Doug McCuistion Director, Mars Exploration Program NASA HQ 1 st Mars Express Science Conference February 24, 2005
2 Agenda Mars Exploration Program The Current Decade Next Decade of Mars Exploration Strategic Roadmapping and Future Human Exploration of Mars International Partnerships
3 Mars Exploration Program - the Current Decade Launch Year 2
4 Operating Missions Highlights Extended mission through September 2006 approved. Goal is to look for climate change. Odyssey UHF Relay Campaign very successful Now relaying nearly 100% of MER data MGS 3rd mission extension (10/04 09/06) proceeding well MGS has been productive longer than any other spacecraft sent to Mars and has returned more images than all past Mars missions combined
5 Rovers: the Trek Across Mars Continues Opportunity's Impact Site Close-ups Celebrated one (Earth) year on Mars in January! MER extended mission operations continue to go extremely well Planning underway for next mission extension Spirit Opportunity Design Life: 90 sols 90 sols Mission to Date: 408 sols 387 sols Planned Distance: 600 m 600 m Distance to Date: 4070 m (as of sol 387) 2200 m (as of sol 358) Total Images: 31,699 29,093
6 Opportunity: The Goal.Victoria Crater MGS/MOC Deeper into the Martian record books?
7 Spirit: The Road Less Traveled Spirit s 150m climb Anticipated Track Columbia Hills Sedimentary Rocks in the Hills
8 2005 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Outstanding progress being made as MRO continues in Environmental Testing All instruments delivered and integrated S/C completed acoustic and shock testing in January System level mechanical testing completed Thermal vac started February 10 Pre-Ship Review: March 30 Ship to KSC: April Launch Window: August 10-30
9 MRO Almost Ready to Go ELECTRA HiRISE CTX MCS MARCI CRISM SHARAD
10 2007 Competed Scout Mission: Phoenix In situ investigation of volatiles, organic molecules, and modern climate SSI stereo imaging RAC robotic arm sample images TEGA/MS sample chemical composition MECA habitability measurements MET/LIDAR meteorology MARDI landing site imagery Payload PDRs Completed in November Heritage Reviews Completed in December Mission-level PDR March 2005 (delayed 30 days) Confirmation Review April 2005 Launch August 2007
11 2009: Mars Telecom Orbiter and Mars Science Laboratory Landed Mass 174 kg ~600 kg Designed Driving 600 m Distance Mission Duration 90 sols ,000 m 687 sols Power/Sol w/hr ~2400 w/hr Instruments (#/mass) 7/~5.5 kg MER MSL 9/65 kg Data Return Mb/sol Mb/sol Mb/sol (with MTO) EDL Ballistic Entry Guided/Precision Entry S/C RFP released November 2004; contract award expected in March/April 2005 Science AO under development; planning to release internal draft AO by mid-march Launch October 2009
12 Mars Exploration Program s Integral Role in Human Exploration
13 Agency Roadmaps 1. Undertake robotic and human exploration of the Moon to further science and to enable sustained human and robotic exploration of Mars and other destinations. (Agency Objective 4) 2. Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, and to prepare for future human exploration. (Obj 5) Conduct human expeditions to Mars after acquiring adequate knowledge about the planet using robotic missions, and after successfully demonstrating sustained human exploration missions to the Moon. (Obj 6) 3. Conduct robotic exploration across the solar system to search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, to search for resources, and to support human exploration. (Obj 7) 4. Search for Earth-like planets and habitable environments around other stars. (Obj 8) 5. Develop a new crew exploration vehicle to provide crew transportation for missions beyond low Earth orbit. (Obj 10) 6. Focus research and use of the International Space Station on supporting space exploration goals, with emphasis on understanding how the space environment affects human health and capabilities, and developing countermeasures. (Obj 12) 7. Return the Space Shuttle to flight, complete assembly of the International Space Station, and transition from the Space Shuttle to a new exploration-focused transportation system. (Obj 11) 8. Explore our Universe to understand its origin, structure, evolution, and destiny. (Obj 9) 9. Explore the dynamic Earth system to understand how it is changing, to determine the consequences for life on Earth, and to inform our search for life Mars beyond. (Obj Robotic 1) and Human Exploration 10. Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on Earth, the solar system, and the Requirements space environmental conditions that will be experienced by human explorers. (Obj 2) 11. Provide advanced aeronautical technologies to meet the challenges of next-generation systems in aviation, for civilian and scientific purposes, in our atmosphere and in the atmospheres of other worlds. (Obj 3) 12. Use NASA missions and other activities to inspire and motivate the nation s students and teachers, to engage and educate the public, and to advance the scientific and technological capabilities of the nation. (Obj 14) 13. Develop a comprehensive national plan for utilization of nuclear systems for the advancement of space science and exploration. (No Agency Obj)
14 Search for Past Life Pathway Point of Departure Architecture Scout & Mars Testbed Mars Testbed Mars Testbed 2006 President s Budget
15 Mars Human Precursors Requirements Requirements study for human precursor missions Measurements Technology/Infrastructure Near term mission architecture Results categorized into: Early Phase ( ) Mid Phase ( ) Late Phase ( ) and broken out by priority MHP SSG Investigation DUST - ENGINEERING EFFECTS ATMOSPHERE (EDL/TAO) BIOHAZARDS ISRU WATER DUST TOXICITY ATM. ELECTRICITY FORWARD PLANETARY PROTECTION RADIATION SURFACE TRAFFICABILITY DUST STORM METEOROLOGY AEROCAPTURE ISRU DEMOS MHP SSG Measurement Category Characterize surface soil (Early) Characterize suspended dust (Early) Characterize dust from storm (Mid) Soil from different locations (Mid) Upper, middle & lower - EDL (Early) Surface parameters over time (Early) Long-term orbital remote sensing (Early) EDL/TAO ascent/descent probes (Late) Draft Test Protocol (Mid) Organics at future landing site (Late) Equatorial water ground truth (Early) Ice deposits: deg latitude (Early) Polar near-surface water/ice (Early) Other locations/depths (Mid) Toxicity - at least one site (Mid) Surface dust/water reactions (Mid)) Dust grains shape (Mid) Toxic effects in human surrogates (Mid) Electrical properties at surface (Mid) Electrical properties at surface with MET (Mid) Environmental effects on organics (Mid) Aeolian effects on organics (Mid) Organic contamination by landed HW (Mid) Surface-subsurface organic transport (Mid) Charged particles at surface (Mid) Neutrons (Mid) Radiation shielding ability of soil/regolith (Mid) Simultaneous orbital SEP events w/surface (Mid Vertical soil density profile (Mid) Internal angle of friction (Mid) Soil Cohesion (Mid) Precision imaging of sites (Mid) Surface dust storm weather (Mid) Long-term weather from orbit (Mid) 70 deg sphere cone shape (Early) New shape robotic scale (Mid) New shape human scale (Late) ISRU Atmospheric Processing (Early) ISRU Regolith-Water Processing (Early) ISRU Human-scale dress rehearsal (Late) PINPOINT LAND. 10m - 100m accuracy (Mid) COMM. INFRAST. Continuous & redundant in situ comm (Late) MATERIALS Materials degradation over time (Mid) APPROACH NAV Accurate, robust, autonomous (Mid)
16 Integrating MEP and MHP MSL Phoenix Scout MSR Scout AFL MTO Mars Science Missions MTO 2 Environmental Measurements Pinpoint Landing MET Stations ISRU Auto Rendezvous Instrumented EDL Aerocapture Human Landing System MHP Development Program Testbed Testbed Testbed MHP Flight Testbed Missions
17 Testbed Missions will be Needed Multi-Hard Lander Network Take advantage of the Science Program to meet several of the human precursor needs Testbed Missions (early next decade) that concentrate on the gap requirements, by priority Stationary Surface Landers Target a major subscale (but human-scalable) landing and ISRU demo late next, or early 3 rd, decade
18 International Partnerships Extensive International cooperation has been successful in the Mars Program MGS France, Austria Odyssey Russia, France MER Germany, Denmark MRO Italy, UK MEX US on ESA s/c Phoenix Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Canada MSL Spain, France, Russia, Canada, Germany The Mars Exploration Program intends to continue these partnerships
19 Science Mission Directorate (SMD) International Conference An opportunity to continue our dialog on collaboration Workshop Goals Present NASA/SMD s sceince priorities, especially in light of the National Vision for Space Exploration Identify areas for mutually beneficial collaboration in science Build on existing and ongoing relationships, as well as dialog from the Exploration Workshop in November 2004 Agenda Day 1 Plenary Sessions Day 2 Breakout Sessions (Mars is Session #1) March 8-10, 2005 University Of Maryland Inn and Conference Center
20 In Conclusion. NASA s Mars Exploration Program is healthy, continuing to make new discoveries NASA strategic roadmapping activities have the potential to yield new scientific opportunities, as well as new challenges Human Exploration precursor technology and mission needs are being integrated Mars Science will have additional opportunities with the NASA Vision and Aurora We must work together human exploration and science through strategic collaborations, tactical contributions,.and especially robust commitments
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