CYLICAL VISITS TO MARS VIA ASTRONAUT HOTELS

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1 CYLICAL VISITS TO MARS VIA ASTRONAUT HOTELS Presentation to the NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC) 2000 Annual Meeting by Kerry T. Nock Global June 7, 2000 Global

2 TOPICS MOTIVATION OVERVIEW SIGNIFICANCE SUMMARY Global 2 KTN - June 7, 2000

3 CONCEPT MOTIVATION Global 3 KTN - June 7, 2000

4 CONCEPT MOTIVATION Create Permanent Elements of a Mars Transportation System Take Advantage of Natural Orbital Physics to Facilitate Mars Transportation Eliminate Need for New, Expensive Class of Rockets Offer Environmentally Safe Technology, Without Political Baggage, for Transportation to and From Mars Accelerate the Timeframe for Permanent Inhabitation of Mars Increase Reliance on in situ Resources for Mars Transportation Architecture Global 4 KTN - June 7, 2000

5 CONCEPT OVERVIEW

6 KEYS TO THE CONCEPT Cycler orbits between Earth and Mars that enable fast, frequent transfers between these planets Astronaut Hotels, or Astrotels, which are small transport vehicles capable of carrying 10 people on cycling orbits between planets Orbital Spaceports at the planets Very small, fast, hyperbolic transfer vehicles, or Taxis, between Spaceports and Astrotels. Propellant and life support in situ resource manufacturing plants Cargo vehicles that utilize low-energy, long-flighttime orbits to transport propellant and low value cargo to and from planets Shuttles to and from Spaceports and planetary surfaces Global 6 KTN - June 7, 2000

7 ALDRIN CYCLERS Global 7 KTN - June 7, 2000

8 EXAMPLE ALDRIN UP-CYCLER SEQUENCE E3 E1 M2 M4 Global 8 KTN - June 7, 2000

9 Mars Spaceport DOWN ESCALATOR EXAMPLE Phobos Mars Taxi Aldrin Down Cycler Trajectory Aldrin Down Cycler Mission Profile Astrotel Propulsive Delta-Vs L1 Earth Spaceport Taxi Aerocapture Maneuver Moon Earth Global 9 KTN - June 7, 2000

10 UP ESCALATOR EXAMPLE ASTROTEL 5 months TAXI MOON EARTH SPACEPORT FUEL EARTH SHUTTLE < 1 week TAXI < 1 week MARS SPACEPORT FUEL PHOBOS MARS SHUTTLE EARTH GRAVITY ASSIST DELTA-V AEROCAPTURE MARS Global 10 KTN - June 7, 2000

11 ASTROTEL CONCEPT Solar Electric Engines Crew Habitat Solar Arrays Propulsion Tanks In Cyclic Orbits Between Earth and Mars Solar Electric Propulsion for Orbit Corrections Untended for More Than 20 Out of 26 Months No Artificial Gravity Global 11 KTN - June 7, 2000

12 SIGNIFICANCE OF CONCEPT TO NASA

13 SIGNIFICANCE OF CONCEPT TO NASA Facilitates Human Exploration to Mars and Beyond Assists the Expansion of Scientific Knowledge by Providing Ready Access to Mars by Scientists Provides Safe, Frequent and Affordable Access to Mars Creates a Significant Element of the Transportation Architecture Thus Contributing to the Establishment of a Permanent Human Presence on Mars Global 13 KTN - June 7, 2000

14 SUMMARY OF CONCEPT OBJECTIVES

15 SUMMARY OF CONCEPT OBJECTIVES Enable Low-cost, Frequent Access to Mars for Scientists and Explorers Develop System Concepts That Could Be Utilized in Expedition Phases of Mars Exploration Develop a Framework and Context for Future Technology Advance and Robotic Exploration Global 15 KTN - June 7, 2000

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