Computer-Aided Manufacturing

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1 Computer-Aided Manufacturing Third Edition Tien-Chien Chang, Richard A. Wysk, and Hsu-Pin (Ben) Wang PEARSON Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

2 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Manufacturing The Product Realization Process The Evolution of Product Realization CAM and Its Historical Development Organization of the Book Keywords Review Questions References 15 Chapter 2 Engineering Product Specification Engineering Design Design Drafting Tolerance Graph Analysis Relationship between Product and Process Tolerances Inspection and Measurement Statistical Quality Control Manufacturing Reliability Summary Keywords Review Questions Review Problems References 53 Chapter 3 Geometric Tolerancing Background Geometric Tolerances: ASME Y Interpreting Geometric Specifications Multiple Part Features and Datums Summary Keywords Review Questions Review Problems References 90 VII

3 viii Contents Chapter 4 Computer-Aided Design 4.1 Background 4.2 A Brief History of CAD 4.3 Design Modeling Requirements 4.4 The Architecture of CAD 4.5 Design Drafting D CAD and Surface Modeling 4.7 Product Design Using Solid Models 4.8 Feature-Based Modeling 4.9 Variational and Parametric Modeling 4.10 CAD Applications 4.11 Design Data Exchange 4.12 Summary 4.13 Review Questions 4.14 Review Problems 4.15 References Chapter 5 Geometric Modeling 5.1 Background 5.2 Basic Elements of Computer Graphics D Representations 5.4 Curves and Curved Surfaces 5.5 Solid Models 5.6 Summary 5.7 Keywords 5.8 Review Questions 5.9 Review Problems 5.10 References Chapter 6 Process Engineering 6.1 Experience-Based Planning 6.2 Process-Capability Analysis 6.3 Basic Machining Calculations 6.4 Process Optimization 6.5 Concluding Remarks 6.6 Keywords 6.7 Review Questions 6.8 Review Problems 6.9 References Chapter 7 Tooling and Fixturing 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Tool Characteristics 7.3 Machinability of Work Materials 7.4 Machining Operations

4 Contents ix 7.5 Workpiece Holding Principles 7.6 Part Setup or Orientation 7.7 Fixturing for NC Machining 7.8 Errors Due to Location, Clamping, and Machining 7.9 Summary 7.10 Keywords 7.11 Review Questions 7.12 Review Problems 7.13 References Chapter 8 Statistically Based Process Engineering 8.1 Background 8.2 Case Study 8.3 General Methodology 8.4 Experimental Results for Product Examples and Illustrations 8.5 Summary 8.6 Keywords 8.7 Review Questions 8.8 Review Problems 8.9 References Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Industrial Control 9.1 Review of Control Theory 9.2 Logic Control 9.3 Sensors and Actuators 9.4 Summary 9.5 Keywords 9.6 Review Questions 9.7 Review Problems 9.8 References Chapter 10 Programmable Logic Controllers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Relay-Device Components 10.3 Programmable Controller Architecture 10.4 Programming a Programmable Logic Controller 10.5 Tools for PLC Logic Design 10.6 Summary 10.7 Keywords 10.8 Review Questions, 10.9 Review Problems References Chapter 11 Data Communication and LANs in Manufacturing 11.1 Fundamentals of Data Communication 11.2 Local-Area Networks

5 x Contents 11.3 Summary 11.4 Keywords 11.5 Review Questions 11.6 Review Problems 11.7 References Appendix A: A Glossary of Selected Communication Terms Chapter 12 Fundamentals of Numerical Control 12.1 Historical Development 12.2 Principles of Numerical Control 12.3 Classification of Numerical Control 12.4 Numerical-Control Systems 12.5 NC Controllers 12.6 Kinematics of NC Machines 12.7 Interpolation 12.8 Axis Servo Control 12.9 Spindle Summary Keywords Review Questions Review Problems References Chapter 13 Numerical-Control Programming 13.1 NC Part Programming 13.2 Manual Part Programming 13.3 Computer-Assisted Part Programming 13.4 CAD Part Programming 13.5 NC Cutter-Path Verification 13.6 Analytical Geometry for Part Programming 13.7 Summary 13.8 Keywords 13.9 Review Questions References Chapter 14 Rapid Prototyping 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Rapid Prototyping Processes 14.3 Design Modeling for Rapid Prototyping 14.4 Choosing a System 14.5 Summary 14.6 Keywords 14.7 Review Questions 14.8 Review Problems 14.9 References

6 Contents xi Chapter 15 Industrial Robotics Introduction Power Sources, Actuators, and Transducers Robotics Sensors Robot Grippers Robot Safety Robot Programming Robot Applications Economic Considerations of Robotics Systems Robot Kinematics and Dynamics Robot-Arm Dynamics Computer Vision Summary Keywords Review Problems References 623 Appendix A Vector Algebra 627 A.I Components of a Vector 627 A.2 Magnitude of a Vector 628 A.3 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar 628 A.4 Sum of Vectors 628 A.5 Unit Vectors 628 A.6 Laws of Vector Algebra 628 A.7 Dot or Scalar Product 628 A.8 Cross or Vector Product 629 Appendix B Transfer Functions and Block Diagrams 630 B.I Transfer Functions 630 B.2 Block Diagrams 631 Appendix C Laplace Transforms 634 C.1 Definition 634 C.2 Definition of the Inverse Laplace Transform 634 C.3 General Properties 634 C.4 Laplace Transforms 635 Appendix D Z-Transforms 637 D.I Definition 637 D.2 Definition of the Inverse Z-Transform 637 D.3 General Properties 637 D.4 Z-Transform Table 638 Appendix E Numbering Systems 640 E.I Binary Number 640 E.2 Octal Number 641

7 xii Contents E.3 Hexadecimal Number 642 E.4 Binary-Coded-Decimal (BCD) Number 642 E.5 Binary Arithmetic 643 E.6 Signed and Unsigned Binary Number 643 Appendix F MATLAB Fundamentals 645 Index 653

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