CHAPTER I Mechanical Metrology 1.1 DEVICES BASED ON VERNIER SCALE
|
|
- Stephany Edwards
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHAPTER I Mechanical Metrology 1.1 DEVICES BASED ON VERNIER SCALE Vernier Principle The Vernier principle of measuring was named for its inventor, Pierre Vernier ( ). He was a French mathematician. Vernier is an additional scale sliding against main scale, Fig Vernier is divided into (n) division, which correspond to (n-1) divisions on the main scale. To clarify the principle, suupose we take 9 divisions on the main scale and divide it to 10 divisions on the vernier scale, Fig Accordingly, the length of the division on the vernier scale is shorter than the main scale division by 0.1 mm. The graduation line on the vernietr is leading the first line in the main scale by 0.1 mm, the second line leads by 0.2, and so on. Consequently, If the vernier slide 0.1 mm, the first line on the vernier is coincide with the graduation line on the main scale. If the vernier slide 0.2 mm, the second line is aligned with the main scale, and so on. Noting the vernier line No. that aligned with the marks of the main scale, the sliding distance could be determined. Page 1
2 Fig.1.1 Vernier scale of resolution Resolution (Scale Value) Of the Vernier Scale The resolution of the vernier may be determined by the relation sm Sv n where Sv is the vernier resolution, sm is the main scale revolution, and n is the No. of vernier divisions. Vernier are commonly made with resolution of 0.1 mm,fig. 1.1, 0.05 mm, Fig. 1.2a, and 0.02 mm, Fig. 1.2b. Page 2
3 Fig. 1.2 Vernier scale of, (a)resolution 0.05, (b) resolution Reading of the Vernier Scale To read vernier reading. Firstly, note the reading of the main scale up to the 0 line on the vernier scale. Secondly, Note down the No of the vernier scale mark that aligned with the main scale. Finally, multiply the line No. with the vernier resolution and add the result to the main scale reading, Figs and 1.4. Fig.1.3. Vernier reading 83.6 mm Page 3
4 Fig.1.4. Vernier reading mm Vernier Caliper. According to IS: (Specification for vernier caliper), three types of vernier calipers have been specified to meet-the various needs of external and internal measurements up to 2000 mm with vernier resolution of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 mm. The three types are called types A, B, C, and have been shown in Fig All the three types are made with only one scale on the front of the beam for direct reading. Type A has jaws on both sides for external and internal measurements, and also has a blade for depth measurements. Type B is provided with jaws on one side for external and internal measurements. Type C has jaws on both sides for making the measurements and for marking operations. All parts of the vernier calipers are made of good quality steel and the measuring faces hardened to 650 H.V. minimum. The recommended measuring ranges (nominal sizes) of vernier calipers as per IS are 0125, 0-200, 0-250, 0-300, 0-500, 0-750, , and mm. On type A, scale serves for both external and internal measurements, whereas in case of types B and C, the main scale Page 4
5 serves for external measurements, and for marking purpose also in type C, but on types B and C internal measurements are made by adding width of the internal measuring jaws to the reading on. the scale. For this reason, the combined width of internal jaws is marked on the jaw in case of types B, and C. The combined width should be uniform throughout its length to within 0.01 mm. The beam for all is made flat throughout its length to within the tolerances of 0.05 mm for nominal lengths up to 300 mm, 0.08 mm from 900 to 1000 mm, and 0.15 mm for 1500 and 2000 mm sizes. Guiding surfaces of the beam are made straight to within 0.01 mm for measuring range of 200 mm and 0 01 mm every 200 mm measuring range of larger size. The measuring surfaces are given a fine ground finish. The portions of the jaws between the beam and the measuring faces are relieved. The fixed jaw is made an integral part of the beam and the sliding jaw is made a good sliding fit along with the beam and made to have seizure-free movement along the bar. A suitable locking arrangement is provided on the sliding jaw in order to effectively clamp it on the beam. When the sliding jaw is clamped to the beam at any position Page 5
6 Fig. 1.5 Types of vernier caliper. within the measuring range, the external measuring faces should remain square to the guiding surface of the beam to within mm per 100 mm. The measuring surfaces of the fixed and sliding jaws should be coplanar to within 0.05 mm when the sliding jaw is clamped to the beam in zero position. The external measuring faces are lapped flat to within mm. The bearing faces of the sliding jaw should preferably be relieved in order to prevent damage to the scale on the Page 6
7 beam. Each of the internal measuring surface should be parallel to the corresponding external measuring surface to within mm in case of type B and C calipers. The internal measuring surfaces are formed cylindrically with a radius not exceeding one-half of their combined width. Errors in Calipers. The error in reading the vernier caliper should not exceed the values obtained by the following formulae : Vernier with resolution Permissible error in reading 0.1 mm ±( l1) µm 0.05mm ±( l1) µm 0.02 mm ±( l1) µm where l1= upper limit of the measuring range in mm. The error in reading is found by placing slip gauges at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the measuring faces ; the readings being taken at three different points along the length of the jaws and same pressure applied to the sliding jaw each time. (The error measured in this way will include errors in, the flatness and parallelism of the measuring jaws). The check should be repeated at a number of points distributed over the range of measurement. The accuracy of the measurement with vernier calipers to a great extent depends upon the condition of the jaws of the caliper. The accuracy and the natural wear, and warping of vernier caliper jaws should be tested frequently by closing them together tightly or setting them to the 0-0 point of the main and vernier scales. In this Page 7
8 Fig. 1.6 Various jaw conditions which result in inaccurate caliper measurements position, the caliper is held against a light source. If there is wear, spring or warp, a knock-kneed condition as shown in Fig. 1.6a, will be observed. If measurement error on this account is expected to be greater than mm the instrument should not be used and sent for repair. When the sliding jaw frame has become worn or warped so that it does not slide squarely and snugly on the main caliper beam, then jaws would appear as shown in Fig. 1.6b. Where a vernier caliper is used mostly for measuring inside diameters, the jaws may become bowlegged as in Fig.1.6c or its outside edges worn down as in Fig.1.6d. Page 8
9 Precautions in the Use of Vernier Caliper. No play should be there between the sliding jaw on scale, otherwise the accuracy of the vernier caliper will be lost. If play exists then the gib at the back of jaw assembly must be bent so that gib holds the Jaw against the frame and play is removed. Usually the tips of measuring jaws are worn and that must be taken into account. Most of the errors usually result from manipulation of the vernier caliper and its jaws on the workpicce. In measuring an outside diameter it should be insured that the caliper bar and the plane of the caliper jaws are truly perpendicular to the workplace's longitudinal centre line. It should be ensured that the caliper is not canted, tilted or twisted. The stationary caliper jaw of the vernier caliper should be used as the reference point and measured point is obtained by advancing or withdrawing the sliding jaw.the accuracy in measurement primarily depends on two senses, viz; sense of sight and sense of touch (feel). The shortcomings of imperfect vision can however be overcome by the use of corrective eye-glass and magnifying glass. But sense of touch is an important factor in measurements. Sense of touch varies from person to person and can be developed with practice and proper handling of tools. One very important thing to note here is that sense of touch is most prominent in the finger-tips, therefore, the measuring instrument must always be properly balanced in hand and held lightly in such a way that only fingers handle the moving and adjusting screws etc. If tool be held by force, then sense of feel is reduced. Page 9
10 1.1.4 Bevel Vernier Protractor The simple protractor shown in Fig.1.7, utilize the vernier principle. The main scale divided into degrees. The vernier scale has 12 divisions correspond to 23 deg. on the main scale, Figs and 1.9. each division of the vernier equal to 1deg. 55 min. So, the resolution of the protractor is 5 min. Fig. 1.7 bevel protractor Fig. 1.8 Reading of 45 deg, and 35 min. Page 10
11 1.2 Devices Based on Screw and Nut (Micrometers). 1-2 Micrometer Working Principle The principle of the micrometer is based on a very accurate made screw thread that rotates in a fixed nut, Fig.1.9. Fig.1.9. Micrometer principle Refereeing to Fig.1.10, The screw thread is cut on the spindle, and is attached to the thimble. The spindle is advanced or recedes from the Fig External micrometer, (1) anvil, (2) contact tips, (3) spindle, (4) sleeve, (5) tumble, (6) ratchet, (7) main scale, (8)locking arm, (9) frame, (10) isolator Page 11
12 anvil by rotating the thimble. A graduation is engraved in the sleeve with a division equal to the thread pitch. The beveled edge of the thimble is divided into a number of divisions each of them represents a fraction value of the spindle pitch. In case that, the thread pitch is 0.5 mm and the length of the threaded part is about 25 mm, a length of 25 mm on the sleeve is divided into 50 divisions. Each division is equal to 0.5 mm. Every 5 mm are numbered and indicated by a longer line. The beveled edge of the thimble is divided into 50 divisions, each represents (0.5/50)=0.01 mm Micrometer Construction Fig reveals the internal parts of the micrometer lock nut is provided for locking a dimension by preventing motion of the spindle. Ratchet stop is provided at the end of the thimble cap to maintain sufficient and uniform measuring pressure so that standard overriding clutch held by a weak spring. W..sn the spindle fs consists brought into contact with the work at the correct measuring conditions of Page 12
13 Fig.1.11 sectional view of external micrometer of measurement are attained. Ratchet stop consists of an overriding clutch held by a week spring. When the spindle is brought into contact with the work at the correct measuring pressure, the clutch starts slipping and no further movement of the spindle takes place by the rotation of ratchet. In the backward movement it is positive due to shape of ratchet. Frame. The frame of the micrometer is shaped as to permit measurements of the cylinder of diameter equal to the measuring range of micrometer, and the stiffness of the frame should be such that a test load of 1 kg weight does not alter the distance between them by more than 1.5 µm for range 0 to 25 mm, 2 µm for range 25 to 50 mm and so on. It should be neatly and evenly black, enameled or treated by other means to prevent corrosion and rusting. The frame is generally made of steel, cast steel, malleable cast iron or light alloy. The use of light alloys is recommended, for sizes over 300 mm in order to facilitate the handling of large micrometers. But it has to be understood that coefficient of expansion of light alloys is appreciably greater than that of steel or iron and thus the temperature changes during handling of the micrometer frame may result in appreciable changes in the zero reading. It is, therefore, Desirable features, this instrument should have Proper plating of all parts for resistance to strains, corrosion and wear. Faces of anvils lapped to mirror finish for accurate measurements. The measuring face of the anvil is so designed as to have a hardness Page 13
14 of about 800 HV (63'5 HRC). It is desirable that the measuring face be tipped with tungsten carbide or other suitable hard material or be faced with a deposit of hard chromium. Ring type lock-nut for locking spindle and The main nut is fitted tightly into the sleeve or barrel which is integral with the frame. The thimble is permanently secured to the screw and is knurled on the outer surface The spindle Is one piece having extra hard threads of extreme lead accuracy for lasting precision. It having the measuring face at its end is tightly fitted into the screw. The spindle is thus rotated by rotating the thimble. It will be observed that the thimble extends over the end of the barrel so that threaded portions of the screw and the main nut are all the time completely enclosed. The nut and the thread portion of the screw are so proportioned as to ensure full length engagement in all positions of spindle. The fixed index line is marked upon the barrel and the angular graduations around the left hand chamfered end of the thimble. It will be noted that in addition to the main nut there is a shorter nut also by its side with which the screw also engages. The adjacent faces of the main nut and the shorter nut are provided with small V-shaped teeth which form a clutch and prevent the shorter nut from rotating with the screw. In the recess between these two nuts is housed a light coil spring, the tendency of which is to force the two nuts apart and in this way any slight backlash between the threads in the nuts and the screw is automatically taken Page 14
15 up. Spindle locking arrangement. In order that any setting of the micrometer be definitely retained, it is desirable to have features of locking the spindle in any position temporarily. One way of achieving this is shown in Fig.1.11, in which a sliding pin is located in a hole in the frame and is pressed against the side-of the spindle by a cam. The cam is fitted with dished and knurled heads on both sides of the frame. The shape of the cam is such that when a slight turning movement is imparted to it by gripping the dished and knurled heads on both sides of the frame between finger and thumb, the pin is forced against the spindle and a rigid lock is.obtained. In another design shown in Fig. 1.12, the micrometer is slotted, to receive a split ring which surrounds the spindle and is prevented from rotating. The split ring is surrounded by a knurled outer ring. A cam slot is provided on the periphery of the split ring in which a roller moves up and down. When the outer ring is turned in one direction the roller rides flip (he cam surface thereby tending to close the split ring and securely clamping the spindle. The grip is released on turning the outer ring in opposite direction. Page 15
16 Fig Locking arrangement Ratchet stop mechanism. The object of the ratchet stop is to ensure that a certain maximum torque on the spindle is not exceeded and the sense of the feel of operator is eliminated and consistent readings are obtained. By providing this arrangement, when the spindle has engaged the work with a certain pressure, further rotation causes, the ratchet merely to slip, no additional movement being imparted to the spindle. The ratchet stop mechanism is incorporated in the knurled extension provided at the end of the thimble. The mechanism is shown in Fig The knurled extension is free to rotate on its retaining stud. The inner face of this is provided with fine ratchet teeth, and through these teeth and the spring loaded pawl the movement is transmitted to the spindle. As soon as the resistance to the motion of the latter reaches a certain value, the pawl is forced back against the pressure of the spring and ratchet slips. Micrometer Types Micrometer are commercially available with different configurations to be adapted to different application. Besides the external micrometer, the internal and depth micrometers shown in Fig are the most common types. Page 16
17 Fig.1.13 micrometer types Micrometer Resolution The resolution of the micrometer is equal to the resolution of the scale engraved on the sleeve divided by the number of the divisions engraved on the thimble. Micrometers are commercially available of resolutions of 0.01 mm, 0.02 mm, and mm, Fig Fig Micrometer Scale, (a) 0.01mm, (b) 0.001mm Page 17
18 Micrometer Reading To read a micrometer, add the total reading in millimeters visible on the sleeve to the reading in hundredths of millimeter indicated by the graduation on the thimble which coincide with the longitudinal line on the micrometer sleeve. It must be noted that the scales of the depth, and internal micrometers are inverted, so hidden reading is the considered one,fig Also, lengths of extension rod and collar must be added to the mike reading. Fig Micrometer readings, (a) 11.34, (b) 12.57, (c) mm Use of the Micrometer To measure a part with the micrometer,close the micrometer and take the zero reading. Place the work in position and rotate the thimble until the ratchet slips and prevent further tightening. This ensures consistent accurate measurement by limiting the spindle Page 18
19 pressure on the work to a definite amount, even when different machinists use the same mike. Lock the micrometer with the lock lever, and take the micrometer reading. Correct the reading by subtracting the value of the zero reading. In case round part is measured,on contact the surface must always be moved sideways up and down in order to ensure that diameter is being measured and not chord. The micrometer is then removed and reading taken. Differential Screw Micrometer. Fig Differential screw micrometer As shown in Fig. 1.16, a very high degree of accuracy can be obtained in the micrometer screw gauges utilizing the principle of differential screw on the operating spindle. In such a micrometer, the screw has two types of pitches, one smaller and one larger, instead of one uniform pitch as in conventional micrometer. Both the screws are right-handed and the screws are so arranged that the rotation of the thimble member moves one forward and the other backward. If Page 19
20 the larger screw has a pitch of 1.25 mm and smaller screw of 1.00 mm pitch, then the net result would be a total forward movement of =0.25 mm per revolution. Thus if thimble has 100 divisions and vernier scale be engraved on the sleeve, then the least count of the instrument will be mm. It will be noted that this will have appreciably smaller total range of linear movement, although the main spindle's travel is larger. This is because the main spindle which is attached to the moving portion gets only differential movement. Page 20
21 1.3 Metrology Devices Based on Gear Magnification Dial Indicator Working Principle Dial gauge indicator is a measuring instrument where gears are employed to convert and magnify the small linear displacement of a plunger to a large angular displacement of a pointer, Fig Fig Gear magnification Page 21
22 1-3-2 Resolution of Dial Indicator The resolution of the indicator is usually written on it. Indicators are commercially available of resolutions of 0.01 mm, 0.02 mm, and mm Construction of Dial Indicator Fig shows the different parts of dial indicator Fig Construction of Dial indicator, Reading of Dial Indicator The reading of the indicator could be determined by adding the value of the number of revolutions indicated by the revolution counter into the pointer reading, Fig Page 22
23 Fig Dial indicator reading, (a) 3.48 mm, (b) Use of Dial Indicator Dial indicators are used to compare the size of inspected parts with relative to a standard size. The dial is held in a suitable stand, Fig Part to be checked is located under the indicator plunger. Indicator is adjusted so that contacts the surface of the a standard block gauge(hst), and its reading is observed and recorded (Rst), ( Usually adjusted to be zero). Standard block is then replaced by the inspected part, and the reading of the indicator is taken (R w). The height of the part (Hw) is then determined by; Hw= [Rw Rst]+Hst Fig Mechanical comparator. Page 23
24 1.4 Metrology Devices Based on Lever Magnification Lever Magnification Fig Lever magnification Errors in-the lever-type movements result from variable or inaccurate ratios. As shown in Fig. 1.21a is the diagram of a measuring lever which transmits a rectilinear displacement to a reading indicator. Such a transmission is free of error only if the centers of the spherical measuring ends of the lever and its axis of rotation are in a straight line, and also if the arms of the lever are equal. With the lever in question, the displacement S being measured and angle φ of lever rotation, as taken in reference to its zero position, are related as follows: Page 24
25 S=l sin φ Hence, levers having spherical measuring surfaces are called "sine levers". Figure 1.21 b shows a lever with flat measuring surfaces. The ratio of such a lever is constant only if its axis of rotation and the centers of spherical surfaces of the measuring plungers interacting with the lever are on a straight line parallel to the measuring surfaces of the lever. The displacement S being measured and angle of φ lever rotation are related by S = l tan φ Levers with flat measuring surfaces are called "tangent levers". Measuring levers are usually made as combinations of the sine and tangent levers, Fig. 1.21c. The spherical measuring end of such a combination lever ensures the correct point contact with parts of any configuration, and its flat end, with the spherical point of a reading indicator. The ratio of this lever always depends on the angle of rotation and is close to its nominal value in the zero position of the lever. To reduce the measuring error, the axis of lever rotation and the centers of the measuring points of the lever and of the reading indicator should be in a straight line. Both sine levers, Fig. 1.21d and tangent levers, Fig. 1.21e and their combinations can be used to transform linear displacements into angular ones. In all these instances, the basic (theoretical) relationship between the displacements of the driven and driving members will be the same: Page 25
26 St = l φ where St = theoretical linear displacement of measuring plunger with lever turned through angle φ l= length of lever arm With a sine lever, actual displacement Sa of the measuring plunger will be Sa =l sin φ Using the relationship, - we obtain Error in a sine-lever transmission will be the difference between the actual and theoretical displacements of the measuring plunger With a tangent lever, actual displacement sa of the measuring plunger is Sa = l tan φ Using the relationship, - Page 26
27 Error in a tangent-lever transmission will be the difference between the actual and theoretical displacements of the measuring plunger Part Revolution Dial Gauge As shown in Fig the displacement of the plunger is transmitted to a gear sector fixed to a magnification lever. The gear sector turns a pinion on which the pointer is fixed. Fig Part Revolution Dial Gauge Page 27
28 1-4-3 Passimeter Gauge Fig Passimeter gauge The passimeter shown is used for internal comparison. Three contact Page 28
29 points are provided, one of them is movable and the other two arc fixed. The movable contact is provided with a flat surface that makes contact with the spherical end of a long lever mounted in the instrument tube. The lever has knife edge bearings and its other end actuates a dial gauge. The scale value of the dial gauge of the passimeter is either 0.01, or mm, according to the measuring range required. With the aid of exchangeable measuring pins, the measuring capacity of the passimeter can be increased. The passimeter is provided with standard ring gauges for the purpose of setting the instrument to zero. The scale is also provided with tolerance marks. 1.5 Twisted Band Comparator. This instrument was first devised by the british engineer C. F. Johansson and therefore it may be called Johansson Mikrokator. It uses a twisted strip to convert small linear movement of a plunger into a large circular movement of a pointer. It uses the simplest method for obtaining the mechanical magnification designed by H, Abramson which is known as Abramson s movement. A twisted thin metal strip carries at the centre of its length a very light pointer made of thin glass. As illustrated in Fig. 1.24b, for very small linear movement of the twisted chord in the direction of the arrows the disc rotates at a considerable speed. One end of the strip is fixed to the adjustable cantilever strip and the other end is anchored to the spring elbow, one arm of which is carried on measuring plunger. The spring elbow acts as a bell crank lever. The construction of such a Page 29
30 comparator is shown in Fig Fig Twisted strip comparator Fig Construction of twisted strip comparator Slight upward movement of plunger will make the bell crank lever to Page 30
31 rotate. Due to this a tension will be applied to the twisted strip in the direction of the arrow. This causes the strip to untwist resulting in the movement of the pointer. The spring will ensure that the plunger returns when the contact pressure between the bottom tip of the plunger and the workpiece is not there, that is when the workpiece is removed from underneath the plunger. The length of the cantilever can be varied to adjust the magnification. In order to prevent excessive stress on the central portion, the strip is perforated along the centre 1ine by perforation as shown in Fig The magnification of the instrument is approximately equal to the ratio of rate of change of pointer movement to rate of change in length of the strip. The magnification of the instrument could be expressed as follows:- where, Q = twist of mid point of strip with respect to the end L = length of twisted strip measured along its neutral axis w= width of twisted strip and, n = number of turns. It is thus obvious that in order to increase the magnification of the instrument a very thin rectangular strip must be used, Page 31
32 1.6 Sine Bar Sine bar construction Fig Sine bar As shown in Fig. 1.27, sine bar is a rectangular cross sectional steel bar, having two accurately ground rollers of equal diameters, one at each end. The axes of the rollers are separated by a nominal distance usually 100 mm or 250 mm as stamped on the bar. Sine bar must be made with some requirements to assure accurate measuring results. The upper surface be flat, and the roller muse be made of equal diameters, their axes must be parallel to each other, and parallel to the upper surface of the bar, the distance between the axes of the rollers must be accurately set. Page 32
33 1-6-2 Sine bar working principle Fig The principle of sine bar h =(h2+r)-(h1+r)= θ = sin-1( h/l) where h is the difference between the over rollers or under rollers readings, L is the length of the sine bar (distance between rollers axes) Source of error in Sine bar. Any measuring results encountering some errors. The main source of error in determining the angle by the use of sine bar is the error arise from measuring the size over or under the roller and the error in the Page 33
34 length of the sin bar. It is clear that, in case of using the sine bar, the raised error is a function of tan θ. This results in highly increase of the error value as the measured angle value exceed 45 degrees, Fig For this reason, sine bar is most frequently used to measure angles less than 45 degrees. For angles greater than 45 degrees, the complement angle is measured, Fig & 31. Page 34
35 Fig error in sine bar Fig 1.30 (a) correct setting, (b) wrong setting Fig measuring the complement angle Page 35
36 1-6-2 Sine bar measuring technique. Figures 1.32 show the measuring technique by the use of the sine bar. The bar may be placed on the measured surface such that its upper surface is laid on the measured surface. In this case readings over the rollers may be taken by height gauge, or dial indicator. Other technique is that, the bar is clamped to the workpiece such that its upper surface is aligned with the measured surfaces. The roller under sizes are then measured by the use of block gauges, inside micrometers, or dial indicators. Another technique is to place the workpiece on the sine bar. The bar is gradually tilted till the upper surface of work being parallel to the reference base. This may be checked by the aid of a dial indicator. On reaching this position the tilting angle of the bar is determined. Page 36
37 Fig Sine bar measuring technique Page 37
38 1.7 Sensitive (spirit) Level Construction of Sensitive Level Sensitive (spirit) levels are used to check the tilting of planes with respect to the horizontal or vertical planes. Horizontal planes is defined as the plane parallel to a plane tangential to the earth s curvature. Sensitive level may be flat or square as shown in Fig Flat type are used to check horizontal planes, and square types are used to check either horizontal or vertical planes. Fig Flat and square levels. Sensitive level is consists of a curved glass vial (small tube) enclosing a liquid in which is an air bubble. A scale is marked on the vial outside surface, Fig The glass tube is fitted to a metal block in a manner that when the lower surface of the block is horizontal,fig The air bubble will center itself at the highest point of the tube, i.e. in the middle of the vial Page 38
39 Fig A schematic of the vial Fig detail construction of the level Operating principle of the level. The operating principle of the level is that the level of the liquid is always horizontal, and during vial tilting the air bubble is displaced to the highest point ( this is due to gravitational attraction). The reading is taken from the scale by the margin of the bubble., Fig, Page 39
40 Fig Operating principle of the level. l nd nc R R nc where n is the number of division displaced by the bubble, d is the scale division, R is the radius of the vial curvature c=d/r is the level constant, always expressed as mm/m Level setting Most of the levels have an adjustment screw, which aligns the vial to the base. Levels must be adjusted before used, the procedure is as follows:firstly, orient the level on a flat surface until the bubble is centered, then clamp a straight edge to the surface along one side of the level, Fig Secondly, reverse the level and take its reading. Using the Page 40
41 adjustment screw, Correct the level by half of the reading. Reorient the level to center the bubble and repeat the procedure till the bubble does not displaced as the level is reversed. Fig Level adjustment procedure Page 41
42 1.8 Other Mechanical Metrology Devices Ball Type Plug Gauge Fig Ball-type plug gauge. This gauge is used for measurement of diameter of bores. This also detects the ovalily and taper effect and also indicates the surface finish. This gauge is based on the principle of three equally spaced balls of same size which are moved outwards by a spring-loaded cone as shown in Fig Thus when this gauge is inserted into any bore, the cone moves down under the action of the spring till all the three balls come in exact contact with the bore. The axial movement of the cone is transmitted to a dial indicator through a rod. The three balls move freely on the lapped surface of this plug gauge. The arrangement obviates the use of levers and cranks and their bearings Page 42
43 as in the case of Keilpart gauge. To measure the diameter of any bore first the gauge is inserted into a ring gauge of nearly the same size and dial reading is set at zero by adjusting the bevel ring. The gauge is then inserted into the hole and the plus or minus reading noted Bore Gauge (Keilpart) The Keilpart bore gauge, Fig. 1.39, is used as an internal dial comparator for measuring the diameter of deep holes at different positions along the depth. It employs two spring loaded hinged members, a fixed anvil and a movable plunger whose horizontal displacement is converted to a vertical displacement by means of a magnification lever to a dial gauge fitted in the tube of the instrument. The vertical bar which slides in the tube carries a mark which indicates the horizontal displacement of the movable anvil against a scale engraved on the tube. The mark can be seen through a slot cut in the tube. The fixed pin can be replaced by exchangeable rods with different lengths to enable the measuring capacity of the gauge to be increased. The measuring range and the scale value of the instrument depend upon those of the dial gauge used. Usually, the bore gauge has a scale value raf 0.01 mm, a measuring range of 10 mm, and its capacity ranges between 35 to 60 mm. Page 43
44 Fig Keilpart Page 44
LINEAR MEASUREMENT. Prof.H M Prajapati & Prof. A R Sankhla
LINEAR MEASUREMENT Introduction Classification Based on the type of standard Line measurement End measurement Based on precision Precise Direct: Vernier caliper, Micrometer Indirect: Telescopic gauge,
More informationEXPERIMENT 1 TO CHECK WHETHER THE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ARE ACCURATE, PRECISE OR BOTH.
EXPERIMENT 1 TO CHECK WHETHER THE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ARE ACCURATE, PRECISE OR BOTH. Aim 1: To check whether the given Vernier Caliper is accurate, precise or both. Objective: Students will be able to
More informationROOP LAL Unit-6 Lathe (Turning) Mechanical Engineering Department
Notes: Lathe (Turning) Basic Mechanical Engineering (Part B) 1 Introduction: In previous Lecture 2, we have seen that with the help of forging and casting processes, we can manufacture machine parts of
More informationMetrology Prof.Dr Kanakuppi Sadashivappa Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Davangere
Metrology Prof.Dr Kanakuppi Sadashivappa Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Davangere Lecture 33 Electrical and Electronic Comparators, Optical comparators (Refer Slide Time: 00:17) I welcome
More informationINDEX. S.No. Name of the Experiment Page No. 1 Study of Linear Measuring Instruments. Measurement of Taper Angle Using Slips, Rollers & Sine bar
METROLOGY LAB INDEX S.No. Name of the Experiment Page No. 1 Study of Linear Measuring Instruments 2 Measurement of Taper Angle Using Slips, Rollers & Sine bar 3 Tool Makers Microscope 4 Gear Measurement
More informationPREVIEW COPY. Hand Tools. Table of Contents. Wrenches and Screwdrivers Lesson Four Plumbing Tools...51
Hand Tools Table of Contents Lesson One Lesson Two Lesson Three Measuring Tools...3 Wrenches and Screwdrivers...19 Pipefitting Tools...35 Lesson Four Plumbing Tools...51 Lesson Five Lesson Six Lesson Seven
More informationMetrology and instrumentation Indian Institute of Technology
Metrology and instrumentation Indian Institute of Technology SOURCE: S. KALPAKJIAN BOOK SLIDE-WAY CROSS-SECTION Cross-section of a machine tool slide-way. The width, depth, angles, and other dimensions
More informationComparative Measurement
Comparative Measurement H-1 TESA YA Bore Gauges TESA YA Complete Instrument SETS Specially designed for small bores from 0,47 up to 12,20 - Checking of dimension and bore form errors through 2-point measuring
More informationFACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Credit Hour System Metrology Lab 1 MDP 240 (1) Fixed gauges. Metrology laboratory
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Report On: Credit Hour System Metrology Lab 1 MDP 240 (1) Fixed gauges Metrology laboratory Class No: B.N. Student Name Remark Signature
More informationMetrology Prof. Dr Kanakuppi Sadashivappa Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Davangere. Lecture 24 Measurement of Screw Thread Element
Metrology Prof. Dr Kanakuppi Sadashivappa Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Davangere Lecture 24 Measurement of Screw Thread Element I welcome you all for the module 6 lecture 2, in this lecture
More informationFACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Credit Hour System Metrology Lab 1 MDP 240. Sine Bars. Metrology laboratory
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Report On: Credit Hour System Metrology Lab 1 MDP 240 (13) Sine Bars Metrology laboratory Class No: B.N. Student Name Remark Signature
More informationSTEEL RULE. Stock TRY SQUARE
FITTING INTRODUCTION Fitting consists of a handwork involved in fitting together components usually performed at a bench equipped with a vice and hand tools. The matting components have a close relation
More informationModule-3 Lecture-7 Limit guage-2. (Refer Slide Time: 00:12)
Metrology Prof. Dr. Kanakuppi Sadashivappa Department of Industrial and Production Engineering Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology-Davangere Module-3 Lecture-7 Limit guage-2 (Refer Slide Time:
More informationVanjari Seethaiah Memorial Engineering College Patancheru, Medak METROLOGY LAB LABORATORY MANUAL. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vanjari Seethaiah Memorial Engineering College Patancheru, Medak METROLOGY LAB LABORATORY MANUAL Department of Mechanical Engineering PREFACE These lab sessions are intended to make the students understand
More informationFACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Credit Hour System Metrology Lab 1 MDP 240. Protractors. Metrology laboratory
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Report On: Credit Hour System Metrology Lab 1 MDP 240 (12) Protractors Metrology laboratory Class No: B.N. Student Name Remark Signature
More informationMachining. Module 6: Lathe Setup and Operations. (Part 2) Curriculum Development Unit PREPARED BY. August 2013
Machining Module 6: Lathe Setup and Operations (Part 2) PREPARED BY Curriculum Development Unit August 2013 Applied Technology High Schools, 2013 Module 6: Lathe Setup and Operations (Part 2) Module Objectives
More informationComparative Measuring Instruments
Comparative Measuring Instruments F-1 TESA YA Internal Measuring Instruments Specially designed for small bores from 0,47 up to 12,20 Determine dimensions as well as form and shape deviations through 2-point
More informationMechanical Workshop. Module 2: Measurements. Academic Services PREPARED BY. January 2013
Mechanical Workshop Module 2: Measurements PREPARED BY Academic Services January 2013 Applied Technology High Schools, 2013 Module 2: Measurements Module Objectives After the completion of this module,
More informationTechnical T-A & GEN2 T-A GEN3SYS APX. Revolution & Core Drill. ASC 320 Solid Carbide. AccuPort 432. Page CONTENTS. Set-up Instructions 256
Technical ASC 0 Solid Carbide CONTENTS Page Set-up Instructions 6 AccuPort 4 Recommended Speeds & Feeds 60 Guaranteed Application Request Form 99 +44 (0)84 400 900 +44 (0)84 400 0 enquiries@alliedmaxcut.com
More informationINTERAPID Small Bench SHE.30 or SHE.35
0 to 0 mm Mobile measuring bolt mounted on a plain bearing, also fitted with a semi-circular releasing disc plate. Measuring inserts supplied in pairs. One is tighten on the measuring bolt, the other on
More informationCORDIPAR. Universal Length Measuring Instruments. From our range. KORDT GmbH & Co. KG Preyerstraße D Eschweiler / GERMANY
From our range External Thread Measuring Gauges from 2-996 nominal diameter Internal Thread Measuring Gauges from - 1026 nominal diameter Thread Depth Gauges to check thread depth of bores Thread Setting
More informationLANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN
LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN LECTURE NOTE: DRILLING. COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ENGR. ALIYU, S.J Course code: MCE
More informationModule-2 Lecture-1 Angle plate, steel rule, spring calipers. (Refer Slide Time: 00:14)
Metrology Prof. Dr. Kanakuppi Sadashivappa Department of Industrial and Production Engineering Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology-Davangere Module-2 Lecture-1 Angle plate, steel rule, spring
More informationBevels & Gauges. Measuring & Marking T-SLIDE BEVEL PLASTIC HANDLE T-SLIDE BEVEL - ABS HANDLE SLIDING BEVEL INDICATOR BEVEL PROTRACTOR
T-SLIDE BEVEL - ABS HANDLE For determining existing angles or transferring angles onto a workpiece Slotted hardened steel blade allows the user to accommodate a wide range of different size work pieces
More informationStudent, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu (1,3)
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016 11 Combined Drilling and Tapping Machine by using Cone Mechanism N.VENKATESH 1, G.THULASIMANI 2, S.NAVEENKUMAR 3,
More informationEXPERIMENT NO. 1 : MEASUREMENT WITH SCALE AND VERNIER CALIPERS
EXPERIMENT NO. 1 : MEASUREMENT WITH SCALE AND VERNIER CALIPERS Measurement and Metrology Lab Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Instruments Used 1.3 Working Principle 1.4 Procedure 1.5 Precautions and Care
More informationVhu. Universal Boring Heads Vhu 2 1/8, 3 1/8, 4 7/8, 6 ¼. Vhu. Instruction Manual No.:
Instruction Manual No.: 2420304 Vhu Vhu Universal Boring Heads Vhu 2 1/8, 3 1/8, 4 7/8, 6 ¼ Producer: Moskevska 63 101 00 Praha 10 Vrsovice Czech Republic Phone: +420 246 002 249 Fax: +420 246 002 335
More informationQuestion 1. Flat file. Half -round. Round file. Three square ( triangle ) Needle files. Page 1 of 46
Question 1 Name Picture Cross section Uses: Cut pattern:: Flat file Half -round Round file Three square ( triangle ) Needle files Page 1 of 46 Question 2 The graph shown below is the data collected for
More informationFlat file. Round file. Hand file. Half -round. Mill file. Square file
Name Picture Cross section Uses: Cut pattern:: Hand file used for roughing and finishing. It has double cut teeth on two faces, single cut teeth on one edge, and one safe edge Flat file used for roughing
More informationTrade of Toolmaking. Module 3: Milling Unit 9: Precision Vee Block Assembly Phase 2. Published by. Trade of Toolmaking Phase 2 Module 3 Unit 9
Trade of Toolmaking Module 3: Milling Unit 9: Precision Vee Block Assembly Phase 2 Published by SOLAS 2014 Unit 9 1 Table of Contents Document Release History... 3 Unit Objective... 4 Introduction... 4
More informationModule-2 Lecture-2 Combination set, Vernier calipers. (Refer Slide Time: 00:16)
Metrology Prof. Dr. Kanakuppi Sadashivappa Department of Industrial and Production Engineering Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology-Davangere Module-2 Lecture-2 Combination set, Vernier calipers
More informationHAND TOOLS. Moore & Wright Engineers Squares. For more information visit Features. WORKSHOP SQUARES: Grade B DIMENSIONS TABLE (MM)
Moore & Wright Engineers Squares Precision ground blade and stock Blind rivetted construction Hardened and tempered blades 3" & 4" available in Retail Packs 4006 WORKSHOP SQUARES: Grade B Blade Length
More informationMetrology (0) PROMO 13.1E. Resolution:.0005" (0.01mm).0005" (0.01mm) Grads
Metrology PROMO 13.1E Automatic off after 5 minutes with no loss of position Accuracy meets DIN862 Resolution:.0005" (0.01mm).0005" (0.01mm) Grads Call 00 44 (0)1835 863501 today IP67 Electronic Calipers
More informationPZS. Precision vices. Precision vices PZS
Simple clamping and releasing with the inner hexagon key. Type 735-60 PL-S micro with quick adjustment Item no. Size Squareness Parallelism Jaw G H J Work locator 1179514 1 0,005 0,002 34 25 15 75 20 20
More informationClamping devices 521
Clamping devices 521 522 Product overview Clamping devices Adjustable straps K0001 Hook clamps K0012 Goose-neck straps with long slot K0002 Page 526 Hook Clamps with collar K0013 Page 535 Equipped clamps
More informationStarrett Year End Sale! Electronic Caliper 799A Series. Best Buys on Starrett Products
JW DONCHIN CO. Starrett Year End Sale! Electronic Caliper 799A Series No. 799A 6/150 List Price $125.00 SALE PRICE $100.00 Best Buys on Starrett Products Electronic Caliper - No. 799A Series Electronic
More informationEnsat driving tools...
nsat driving tools... On this page, you can configure the optimum tool for your application. A configuration is provided in the following as an illustrative example. The article number is composed of two
More informationCONTENTS PRECAUTIONS BEFORE STARTING OPERATION PREPARATION FOR OPERATION CAUTIONS ON USE OPERATION
CONTENTS PRECAUTIONS BEFORE STARTING OPERATION ------------------------------------- 1 PREPARATION FOR OPERATION 1. Adjustment of needle bar stop position ---------------------------------------------------------
More informationPull-down clamps. No Low height clamping jaws, model Bulle
Pull-down clamps The wedge action of clamping jaws is the characteristic feature of these pull down clamps. It causes the pull down effect, which presses the workpiece against both, stop and machine table.
More informationInside Micrometers and End Measuring Rods
J.W. DONCHIN CO. 4841-43 W. Chicago Ave Chicago, IL 60651-3224 Ph: 773-261-2182 Fax: 773-261-2867 sales@jwdonchin.com www.jwdonchin.com Inside Micrometers and End Measuring Rods PG DESCRIPTION SERIES RANGE
More information# in 1 Metal Worker Auxiliary Operating Instructions
340 Snyder Avenue, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922 www.micromark.com MMTechService@micromark.com Tech Support: 908-464-1094, weekdays, 1pm to 5 pm ET #86556 3 in 1 Metal Worker Auxiliary Operating Instructions
More informationEach Height Master is supplied with a gauge block for reference-height setting. Fitted wooden case supplied. SPECIFICATIONS
Height Master SRIS 515 Models with the the staggered arrangement of blocks have two measuring faces on the same level, one facing up and the other down (except for 515-310). Staggered 20mm blocks (movable)
More informationROTARY TABLE OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL. Horizontal & Vertical. Rotary Table (HVRT) Tilting Rotary Table
Horizontal & Vertical Rotary Table (HVRT) OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL Tilting Rotary Table Horizontal & Vertical Rapid Indexer VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL ROTARY TABLE This Horizontal & vertical table is
More informationDIVIDING EQUIPMENT DIVIDING EQUIPMENT
64 DIVIDING EQUIPMENT 65 D-01 UNIVERSAL TILTING ROTARY TABLE Model: HUT-300 QUICK MANUAL INDEXING. Suitable for milling, boring, shaping, drilling, dividing, setting angles and for circular cutting. Tilting
More informationASSIGNMENT 2. Textbook Assignment: 2-1. Levels are designed for which of the following purposes?
ASSIGNMENT 2 Textbook Assignment: "Levels," "Plumb Bulbs," "Scribers," "Squares," "Surface, Depth, and Height Gages," "Ring and Snap Gages and Gage Blocks," "Miscellaneous Measuring Gages," "Pliers and
More informationTypical Parts Made with These Processes
Turning Typical Parts Made with These Processes Machine Components Engine Blocks and Heads Parts with Complex Shapes Parts with Close Tolerances Externally and Internally Threaded Parts Products and Parts
More informationLumber Smith. Assembly Manual. If you are having problems assembling the saw and need assistance, please contact us at:
Lumber Smith Assembly Manual If you are having problems assembling the saw and need assistance, please contact us at: 804-577-7398 info@lumbersmith.com 1 Step 1 Safety Carefully read the Owners Manual.
More informationCompetence Gun Boring. KOYEMANN Floating Tools Power Reamer
Competence Gun Boring KOYEMANN Floating Tools Power Reamer R The KOYEMANN Floating Principle Reaming has been used for fine machining bores with excellent results from the very start of cutting technology.
More informationPET*STAR 4 OPERATOR MANUAL
Operator Manual 17315060 Rev. 0 (PS - 4) PET*STAR 4 OPERATOR MANUAL Paragraph Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION... 2 2.0 INSTALLATION... 2 3.0 ALIGNMENT... 2 4.0 SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING & PILLOW BLOCK... 5 5.0 OUTBOARD
More informationMETRIC / IMPERIAL MINI-MAG LEVEL
Digital Mini-Mag Level 570 Series Measuring range 360 (4 x 90 ) Embedded magnets on three sides Resolution 0.05 Accuracy +/- 0.2 Standard 9V battery Dimensions: L60mm x H60mm x W35mm METRIC / IMPERIAL
More informationSpecial reamers. Figure N 1 Reamer with descending cutting edges in carbide (Cerin)
Special reamers There is a wide category of special reamers, ie non-standard, that are suitable to address particular problems encountered in the finishing holes, both for maintenance of individual pieces
More informationMACHINE TOOL ACCESSORIES
VERTICAL 5-C COLLET VISE SERIES 344: VERTICAL 3-C COLLET VISE SERIES 344: : 2-1/2 x 7-3/4 Height: 4 Small movement of lever opens or closes collet. 2030000 CAM OPERATED 5-C HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL COLLET FIXTURE
More informationCARPENTRY. Carpentry tools: The following are the tools that are made use of in all the wood working operations.
CARPENTRY INTRODUCTION: Carpentry may be defined as the process of making wooden components. It starts from a marketable form of wood and ends with a finished product. It Deals with the building work,
More informationThe new generation with system accessories. Made in Europe!
1 The new generation with system accessories. Made in Europe! Of cast iron, wide-legged prismatic guide. For vibration-free work even at high loads. Rear flange for mounting the mill/drill head PF 230.
More information8.10 Drill Grinding Device
8.10 Drill Grinding Device Special Accessories 1. Introduction Device can accurately grind precision drill and tools, this drill grinding machine system consists of a motor and grinding wheel head composed
More informationIn-plane capacitance probe holding mechanism Shorya Awtar Alexander Slocum Mechanical Engineering, MIT
In-plane capacitance probe holding mechanism Shorya Awtar Alexander Slocum Mechanical Engineering, MIT In precision metrology it is frequently required to hold capacitance probes such that they are properly
More informationME MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I VARUVAN VADIVELAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DHARMAPURI LAB MANUAL
VARUVAN VADIVELAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DHARMAPURI 636 703 ME 6311 - MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I REGULATION 2013 LAB MANUAL BRANCH YEAR / SEM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING II YEAR & III SEMESTER D
More informationAir Cooled Engine Technology. Roth 9 th Ch 2 Tools & Measuring Pages 21 43
Roth 9 th Ch 2 Tools & Measuring Pages 21 43 1. A combination wrench has one end and one end. Box & Open Square & Round Ratcheting & Gear 2. A or flare nut wrench is used on metal tubing connection fittings.
More informationTool and Die Maker Level 2
Level 2 B2 Read and Interpret Drawings II Duration: 32 hours 32 hours 0 hours This unit of instruction introduces the Tool and Die Maker Apprentice with the knowledge and skills necessary to read and interpret
More informationA socket contact support (supplied separately) must be installed onto the locator assembly.
Figure 1 PRO CRIMPER III Hand Tool Assembly 1976444 1 consists of PRO CRIMPER III Hand Tool Frame 354940 1 and Die Assembly 1976444 2. The tool assembly is used to crimp the contacts listed in Figure 1.
More information15 Industrial Tools. Recognized by Professionals. Work Together. Scribing Needle. Replacement of Scribing Needle. Features. Use A B
Industrial Tools Recognized by Professionals Work Together With battery : Sleeve package Card Box Clear package Scribing Needle 74444 74468 78638 78646 7864 7860 7444 74469 Retracts needle by turning body
More informationMarch weeks. surcharge for
March weeks valid until 31.03.2012 all quoted prices are incl. 19% VAT for deliveries in the EU countries to customers with a valid VAT-no. and for deliveries in not EU member countries the VAT is not
More informationLathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required shape & size HENRY MAUDSLAY
TURNING MACHINES LATHE Introduction Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required shape & size HENRY MAUDSLAY - 1797 Types of Lathe Engine Lathe The most common form
More informationTool & Cutter Grinder
Tool & Cutter Grinder The Bonelle Tool and Cutter grinder (based on prof. Chaddock s Quorn) can be used to grind most kind of tools from lathe tools to end-mills and reamers. I have been grinding my end-mills
More informationDue to possible damage in shipping, the vertical stop assembly has been removed from this machine.
Due to possible damage in shipping, the vertical stop assembly has been removed from this machine. To assemble, insert the threaded rod through the shroud opening in the top of the machine. Start the four
More informationINSPECTION AND CORRECTION OF BELLHOUSING TO CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT
INSPECTION AND CORRECTION OF BELLHOUSING TO CRANKSHAFT ALIGNMENT BACKGROUND Proper alignment of the transmission input shaft to the crankshaft centerline is required in order to achieve the best results
More informationLathe Accessories. Work-holding, -supporting, and driving devices
46-1 Lathe Accessories Divided into two categories Work-holding, -supporting, and driving devices Lathe centers, chucks, faceplates Mandrels, steady and follower rests Lathe dogs, drive plates Cutting-tool-holding
More informationBHJ Products, Inc. Parts List & Instructions
Product Name: Lifter-Tru Kit for Ford Windsor & SVO Small Block V8 Page 1 of 5 Kit Contents: 2x End Plates 2x 5/8 Threaded Adjustment Sleeves 1x Front Angle Bracket 2x 5/8 Adjustment Sleeve Spacers * 1x
More informationMachining. Module 5: Lathe Setup and Operations. (Part 1) Curriculum Development Unit PREPARED BY. August 2013
Machining Module 5: Lathe Setup and Operations (Part 1) PREPARED BY Curriculum Development Unit August 2013 Applied Technology High Schools, 2013 Module 5: Lathe Setup and Operations (Part 1) Module Objectives
More informationHAND TOOLS. Carpenters Square. Basic Combination Set 520 Series
Carpenters Square Steel base and ergonomic design for ease of use Allows positive location and clamping Offers fixed angles: 45, 90 With mini carbide scriber and level vial Squareness within 0.2mm / 300mm
More informationMetrology lecture-2: Angular Measurement. IE 441: Metrology and Instrumentations Dr. Belal Gharaibeh Fall 2011 UOJ October 27, 2011
Metrology lecture-2: Angular Measurement IE 441: Metrology and Instrumentations Dr. Belal Gharaibeh Fall 2011 UOJ October 27, 2011 1 Angles, minutes and seconds Circles are divided into 360 equal parts,
More informationBEARING AND TYPES OF BEARING
BEARING AND TYPES OF BEARING In this article, you will learn about bearing and types of bearing. Generally, all types of machinery are provided with supports for rotating shafts, the supporting device
More informationStudy of Vee Plate Manufacturing Method for Indexing Table
Study of Vee Plate Manufacturing Method for Indexing Table Yeon Taek OH Department of Robot System Engineering, Tongmyong University 428 Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, Korea yeonoh@tu.ac.kr Abstract The indexing
More informationStraightness, Angle and Inclination Measurement
Straightness, Angle and Inclination Measurement www.tesagroup.com J-1 INCLINOMETERS AND PRECISION LEVELS Irrespective of whether they are spirit or electronic inclinometers, all precision levels are based
More informationSERIES I MILLING MACHINES
INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND PARTS LIST SERIES I MILLING MACHINES TP5260 Revised: August 29, 2005 Manual No. M-450 Litho in U.S.A. Part No. M -0009500-0450 June, 2003 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
More informationI 640 West. c Offi. pany Phone. c ~ g CHICAGO 6. Ill. M h:tjryant OMPOUND RING BAR SUPPORT. GilBERT C DEarbom ~.
ll / - M h:tjryant c Offi I 640 West g CHICAGO 6. Ill pany Phone. c ~ GilBERT C DEarbom 2-5566 ~. OMPOUND TIL~:~ BORING, ~~: F:o~~:YH~~~ DRILLING ':~~~N~:E~~7:NE RECTANGULAR TAB ~~~;:E~:~z:T~~L TABLEe
More informationLathes. CADD SPHERE Place for innovation Introduction
Lathes Introduction Lathe is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tools all over the world. It is commonly known as the mother of all other machine tool. The main function of a lathe is to
More informationNo. 412, 414, 416 Operations Manual
No. 412, 414, 416 Operations Manual CARE: Occasional oiling of moving parts with machine oil will ease operation and extend the life of the brake. Occasionally check and tighten the lower beam bracket
More informationCross Peen Hammer. Introduction. Lesson Objectives. Assumptions
Introduction In this activity plan students will develop various machining and metalworking skills by building a two-piece steel hammer. This project will introduce basic operations for initial familiarization
More informationTHE GATE COACHAll Rights Reserved 28, Jia Sarai N.Delhi ,-9998
1 P a g e 1 DESIGN AGAINST STATIC AND FLUCTUATING LOADS 2 SHAFT, KEYS AND COUPLINGS CONTENTS Introduction 6 Factor of safety 6 Stress concentration 7 Stress concentration factors 8 Reduction of stress
More informationno mm no Dividers with scriber 150 mm NEW Square wedge-shaped knife edges on the length side
Summer Promotion valid until 30.06.2013 all quoted prices are incl. VAT for deliveries to EU countries to customers with valid VAT-no. and for deliveries in non EU member countries the VAT is not applicable
More informationCIRRUS AIRPLANE MAINTENANCE MANUAL
FASTENER AND HARDWARE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1. DESCRIPTION This section contains general requirements for common hardware installation. Covered are selection and installation of cotter pins, installation
More informationCAN BE INSTALLED DIGITAL DEPTH GAGE WITH EXTENSION BASE DATA OUTPUT 48-52, MM/INCH
E16 SPECIAL MEASURING JAWS GAGE *The mm measuring jaw can be customized according to design drawing or measurement item of workpiece Unit: to suit your particular requirements. E17 Digital Caliper (Tungsten
More informationAhsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering LABORATORY MANUAL For the students of Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering 1 st
More informationDIATEST TUV. Please read carefully and keep it. It is worthwhile. DIN EN ISO 9001 : 2000 Reg.-Nr
DIATEST OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS and examples for application Split-ball probes Floating holders Checking stands Accessories Precision bore gauges range 0.47 41.1 mm 0.0185 1.62 Please read carefully and
More informationThe Ensat self-tapping threaded
The nsat self-tapping threaded insert nsat is a self-tapping threaded insert with external and internal threads,cutting slots or cutting bores. A continuous process of further development has brought about
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames TW18 3HR
Schedule of ccreditation United Kingdom ccreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames TW18 3HR (Trading as Opus Metrology) ccredited to 15 Maylan Road Earlstrees Industrial Estate
More informationMACHINE TOOL ALIGNMENT TESTS
MACHINE TOOL ALIGNMENT TESTS 39 MACHINE TOOL TESTING INTRODUCTION: The surface components produced by machining processes are mostly by generation. As a result, the quality of surface produced depends
More informationDRILL GRINDING ATTACHMENT
DRILL GRINDING ATTACHMENT To suit TM6025Q TOOL AND CUTTER GRINDER OPERATION S MANUAL 1 0º 270º 90º 180º INTRODUCTION Before grinding any cutters, you must set up the attachment to suit the type of cutter
More informationEXPERIMENT: 1 MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH, AND DIAMETER BY VERNIER CALIPER, VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE, AND MICROMETER
EXPERIMENT: 1 MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH, AND DIAMETER BY VERNIER CALIPER, VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE, AND MICROMETER AIM: To determine the length, height and diameter of the given work piece using vernier caliper,
More informationModule 1. Classification of Metal Removal Processes and Machine tools. Version 2 ME IIT, Kharagpur
Module 1 Classification of Metal Removal Processes and Machine tools Lesson 2 Basic working principle, configuration, specification and classification of machine tools Instructional Objectives At the end
More information5-axis clamping system compact
5-axis clamping system compact 395 5-axis clamping system compact Function We are setting standards with the new KIPP 5-axis clamping system compact in this field. The system was specifically designed
More informationEngineering Metrology and Instrumentation
Engineering Metrology and Instrumentation Machine-Tool Slideway Figure 35.1 Cross-section of a machine-tool slideway. The width, depth. Angles, and other dimensions all must be produced and measured accurately
More informationAn Adjustable Threading Feed Attachment for a Lathe Without Metric Threading Capability, by Ted Clarke
An Adjustable Threading Feed Attachment for a Lathe Without Metric Threading Capability by Ted Clarke Metric pitch threads, with the exception of the Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) 36 threads per inch
More informationDRIVE COMPONENTS REMOVAL. 9. FXCW/C: see Figure Remove bolt (9), sprocket retainer (8), and thrust washer (7). NOTE PRIMARY DRIVE LOCKING TOOL
DRIVE COMPONENTS REMOVAL PART NUMBER HD-7977 TOOL NAME PRIMARY DRIVE LOCKING TOOL S To remove the primary chain, remove compensating sprocket, clutch assembly and primary chain as an assembly:. Remove
More informationChapter 2: Dimensioning Basic Topics Advanced Topics Exercises
Chapter 2: Dimensioning Basic Topics Advanced Topics Exercises Dimensioning: Basic Topics Summary 2-1) Detailed Drawings 2-2) Learning to Dimension 2-3) Dimension Appearance and Techniques. 2-4) Dimensioning
More informationBHJ Products, Inc. Parts List & Instructions
Product Name: Lifter-Tru Kit for General Motors LS V8 Page 1 of 5 Kit Contents: 2x End Plates 2x Threaded Adjustment Sleeves 1x Front Angle Bracket 2x M10-1.5 x 65 Hex Head Bolts * 2x Angle Adapter Blocks
More informationThe new generation with system accessories. Made in Germany!
1 The new generation with system accessories. Made in Germany! For face, longitudinal and taper turning, thread-cutting. For machining steel, brass, aluminium and plastic. Mounting flange for fastening
More informationGeometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (Known as GDT) What is GDT Helps ensure interchangeability of parts. Use is dictated by function and relationship of the part feature. It does not take the place
More informationSERVICE PARTS LIST. M18 FUEL SAWZALL Reciprocating Saw F56A BULLETIN NO CATALOG NO
47(5x) 46 45 00 44 0 59 43 42 84 51 57 46 47 48 59 83 64 77 48 47(2x) 49(2x) 40 58 See service note on page 5 41 82 51 40 41 42 43 44 45 87 52 27 28 34 57 29 (6x) 60 28 EXAMPLE: Component Parts (Small
More information