This publication updates in June/December

Transcription

1 This publication updates in June/December 75-M (1530)

2 Copyright 2017 J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc Breezewood Lane P.O. Box 368 Neenah, Wisconsin Phone: (800) Fax: (800) JJKeller.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: ISBN Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST) Number: R All rights reserved. Neither the publication nor any part thereof may be reproduced in any manner without written permission of the Publisher. United States laws and Federal regulations published as promulgated are in public domain. However, their compilation and arrangement along with other materials in this publication are subject to the copyright notice. Printed in the U.S.A. ii 6/17

3 Introduction Toolbox talks are an important part of your whole safety program. They are an effective means to provide: (1) required OSHA safety instruction, (2) specific jobsite hazard training, and (3) a positive method to let your employees know that their company is serious about their safety, health, and welfare. Toolbox talks can be ten-minute refreshers of previous formal training, a time to remind your employees of specific hazards they will encounter during the week, or a formal one-half hour training session on OSHA or company rules for a particular subject. For example, you are a utility contractor, and all of your employees have received formal trenching and shoring instruction. They know the basics, i.e., an escape ladder, stairway, or ramp must not be more than 25 feet from any employee at any time. But this week is different. This week, they will likely encounter underground and overhead utility hazards. When was the last time you spoke seriously about the requirements for dealing with those hazards and the fact that untrained construction workers can lose their lives under similar conditions. Is it before someone gets electrocuted, or after? In this situation, an informal toolbox talk can remind employees of the requirements. But more importantly, it can instill in them the urgency of the situation and the desire to implement and follow the rules. Not only could it save their lives, but it also lets them know that their company cares about their welfare. J. J. KELLER S CONSTRUCTION TOOLBOX TALKS assists you by providing tools you need to conduct employee toolbox talks. Such training sessions, usually 5-15 minutes long and conducted weekly at the start of the shift, are a popular and widely used means to convey safety information in the construction industry. This product is designed specifically for use in these types of training sessions. However, the information included here can also be used when preparing other, more in-depth training sessions for your construction employees. Each toolbox talk topic includes an overview, a summary of training requirements, training tips, a handout page, and a sign-off sheet to help document training. Alternate talks, which tell a brief story to illustrate a hazard or regulation, and Citations talks, which summarize the citations and fines that resulted from OSHA inspections, are also provided for several topics. In addition, the manual presents a table that lists construction training requirements at-a-glance to help you pinpoint your training needs. The manual also offers general information to aid in preparing and conducting any toolbox talk. J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc., grants permission to reproduce the handouts and sign-of sheets included in this publication, provided that J. J. Keller s copyright notice and imprint remain visible on all copies. The reproductions you make may not be resold or incorporated in any other publication. Due to the constantly changing nature of government regulations, it is impossible to guarantee absolute accuracy of the material contained herein. The Publisher and Editors, therefore, cannot assume any responsibility for omissions, errors, misprinting, or ambiguity contained within this publication and shall not be held liable in any degree for any loss or injury caused by such omission, error, misprinting or ambiguity presented in this publication. This publication is designed to provide reasonably accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. The Editors & Publisher J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc. iii 6/17

4 Published & Printed by J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc Breezewood Lane, P.O. Box 368 Neenah, Wisconsin Phone: (800) Fax: (800) JJKeller.com EDITORIAL director of editorial resources PAUL V. ARNOLD project editor TRICIA S. HODKIEWICZ sr. editorial manager workplace safety PETER M. MCLAUGHLIN sr. editor workplace safety J. TRAVIS RHODEN editor workplace safety ROBERT A. ERNST editor workplace safety MICHELLE M. GRAVEEN editor workplace safety LISA M. NEUBERGER editor workplace safety JUDIE SMITHERS editor workplace safety MARK H. STROMME editor workplace safety JENNIFER J. STROSCHEIN sr. metator/xml analyst MARY K. FLANAGAN PUBLISHING GROUP chairman ROBERT L. KELLER vice chairman & treasurer JAMES J. KELLER president & ceo MARNE L. KELLER-KRIKAVA evp & chief operating officer RUSTIN R. KELLER chief financial officer DANA S. GILMAN sr. director of product development CAROL A. O HERN sr. product development manager JENNIFER M. JUNG sr. product development specialist SUZANNE IHRIG director of manufacturing TODD J. LUEKE sr. electronic publishing & prepress manager GERALD L. SABATKE The Editorial Staff is available to provide information generally associated with this publication to a normal and reasonable extent, and at the option of, and as a courtesy of, the Publisher. iv 6/17

5 Table of Contents How to use this manual How to conduct a toolbox talk Toolbox talk topics Subject Index v 6/11

6 Toolbox Talk Topics Building Construction General Building Site Safety Residential Construction Fall Protection Building Construction Citations Residential Construction Concrete & Masonry Construction Concrete Construction Safety General Requirements Impalement Protection Impalement Protection: Alternate Concrete & Masonry Construction Citations Concrete & Masonry Construction Citations Shoring System Collapse Confined Space Entry Overview Air Testing and Monitoring Attendants Entry Preparations Entry Preparations: Alternate Hazards Permit Rescue and Emergency Services Written Program Cranes & Derricks Assembly/Disassembly Crane Operator Training Inspections Power Line Safety Clearance Distances Rigger Training Signal Person Training Electrical Safety Accident Prevention Arc Flash & Blast Extension Cords Extension Cords: Alternate TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-1 6/16

7 Focus Four Hazard Electrical Hazards of Electricity Overhead Power Line Safety Overhead Power Line Safety: Alternate Protection (GFCIs & Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program) Safe Work Practices Electrical Safety Citations Electrical Safety Citations Shock Hazards Environmental Issues Hazardous Waste Used Oil Ergonomics An Overview Back Safety & Lifting Back Safety & Lifting: Alternate Hand-Arm Vibration Excavations An Overview Protective Systems Protective Systems: Alternate Soil Classifications Soil Classifications: Alternate Underground Utilities Underground Utilities: Alternate Excavations Citations Excavations Citations Inspection, PPE, Egress Fall Protection An Overview Equipment & Systems Equipment & Systems: Alternate Falling Object Protection Falling Object Protection: Alternate Fall Rescue Focus Four Hazard Falls Inspecting Your Harnesses & Lanyards TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-2 6/16

8 Inspecting Your Harnesses & Lanyards: Alternate Top 5 Fall Protection Citations/Violations Fall Protection Citations Fall Protection Citations Roofing Work Fall Protection Citations Water Tower Fire Protection & Prevention Extinguishers Firefighting Flammables Flammables: Alternate First Aid & Medical Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) Bloodborne Pathogens Cold Related Illnesses & Injuries Eyewash and Safety Shower Eyewash and Safety Shower: Alternate First Aid Heat Related Illnesses & Injuries Heat Related Illnesses & Injuries: Alternate Forklifts Battery Charging Handling Loads Inspection Inspection: Alternate Forklift Citations Hazard Communication HAZWOPER What Is GHS? GHS Overview Container Labels Container Labels: Alternate Outer Container Labels GHS Pictograms Health Hazards Safety Data Sheets TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-3 6/17

9 Safety Data Sheets: Alternate Other Hazards Physical Hazards Written Program Heavy Construction Flagging Safety Highway Construction Power Transmission and Distribution An Overview Heavy Equipment Backovers Materials Handling Equipment Inspection Operating Safely Operating Safely: Alternate Seat Belts Working Safely Around Heavy Equipment Working Safely Around Heavy Equipment: Alternate Heavy Equipment Citations Setting Brakes & Chocking Wheels Heavy Equipment Citations Paving Ladders & Stairways Extension Ladder Selection Ladders Ladders: Alternate Stairways Ladders & Stairways Citations Lockout/Tagout Electrical Equipment Electrical Equipment: Alternate Mechanical Equipment Materials Handling & Storage Handling Compressed Gas Cylinders Handling Compressed Gas Cylinders: Alternate Housekeeping Sling Types and Selection TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-4 6/17

10 Storing Flammable Liquids in Containers and Cabinets Using Forklifts to Load or Unload Trucks and Trailers Motor Vehicles General Drug/Alcohol Use and Testing Hazardous Materials Transportation Occupational Health An Overview Abrasive Blasting Asbestos Beryllium Cadmium Carbon Monoxide Carcinogens Diesel Exhaust Exposure Limits Lead An Overview Medical Screening & Surveillance Methylene Chloride Radiation Respirable Crystalline Silica Skin Exposures Sun Exposure Ventilation Occupational Health Citations Asbestos Occupational Health Citations Lead Personal Protective Equipment Electrical Protective Equipment Eye Protection Eye Protection: Alternate Face Protection Foot Protection Hand Protection Hand Protection: Alternate Head Protection TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-5 6/17

11 High-Visibility Garments Noise Respiratory Protection An Overview Respiratory Protection Respirator Fit Testing Respiratory Protection Respirator Use Respiratory Protection Dust Masks (Voluntary-Use) Working Over or Near Water PPE Citations Safety & Health Program Management Emergency Action Plan Employee Exposure and Medical Records Hearing Conservation Program Introduction to OSHA Near Misses OSHA s Focus Four Inspection Initiative Reporting Injuries and Illnesses Safety and Health Program Safety Color Code Safety Training & Education Signs, Tags, Signals, & Barricades Substance Abuse Program Scaffolding Access to Scaffolds Access to Scaffolds: Alternate Aerial Lifts Erecting/Dismantling Erecting/Dismantling: Alternate Fall Protection Scissor Lifts Scaffold Specific Training Top 5 Scaffolding Citations/Violations Using Scaffolds Scaffolding Citations Scaffolding Citations Makeshift Scaffold Site Safety General An Overview TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-6 6/17

12 Caught In/Between Hazards Caught-in or -Between Hazard Defined Competent Person Harmful Plants Harmful Plants: Alternate Histoplasmosis Insects, Snakes, & Animals Lightning Safety Mosquito-Borne Hazards Slips, Trips, and Falls Struck-by Hazard Defined Struck-By, Hit-by Hazards Weather Factors Working in Cold Conditions Site Violence An Overview Building & Facility Security Special Trades Demolition Preparatory Operations Explosives Steel Erection Assembly Overview Fall Protection Tools, Hand & Power An Overview Amputations Chain Saws Hand Tool Safety Hand Tool Safety: Alternate Jacks Nail Guns Pneumatic Tools Powder-Actuated Tools Power Tools Tools, Hand & Power Citations TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-7 6/17

13 Welding & Cutting An Overview Arc Welding Fire Prevention Fumes and Gases Gas Welding Work Zone Safety Personal Protective Equipment Traffic Control Devices Basic Training TOOLBOX TALK TOPICS TOC-8 6/17

14 Tools, Hand & Power Hand Tool Safety Overview of Topic Employee Training The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations indirectly or directly mention hand tool safety in many locations. However, for construction, there are two main sources for safety information on tools. They are: Construction-specific standards: 29 CFR Tools, hand and power. 29 CFR Concrete and masonry construction. General industry rules on hand and portable powered tools not specifically covered in the construction regulations. The hazards of using hand tools include ergonomic hazards such as repetitive motion injuries or injuries from holding or using the tool improperly, injuries due to lack of personal protective equipment that should have been worn while using the hand tool, and injuries from the tool itself striking, cutting, or otherwise injuring the user or a nearby worker. There are only a few specific rules regarding hand tools in the OSHA standard at Hand tools. They are: Employers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools. Wrenches, including adjustable, pipe, end, and socket, must not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs. Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, must be kept free of mushroomed heads. The wooden handles of tools must be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the tool. These rules apply to the condition of the hand tools and not their usage, but safe usage instructions can also prevent injuries from hand tools. Train employees on the proper use of hand tools. The handout provided here is an overview of general rules for using hand tools. Train employees on specific information regarding the tools they work with to ensure they know how to operate their hand tools safely and effectively. OSHA state-plan-states: Remember that certain states have more stringent regulations that go above and beyond the OSHA standards. TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY-1

15 Training Tips Use the demonstration technique for hand tool training. Choose your best user of a specific tool if there is a particular point you want to emphasize regarding that tool, especially if there is an ergonomic injury hazard associated with the incorrect handling or use of the tool. To create a dramatic effect or to get a serious point across on hand tool dangers: Use a true story of an accident. An example of a severe puncture, cut, or other significant accident, can really get the point across about dangers. If it s an example from your own company or even the site itself, the point can be that much more effective. Where to go for more information Construction regulatory text: 29 CFR Tools, hand and power. Construction regulatory text: 29 CFR Concrete and masonry construction. General industry regulatory text: 29 CFR 1910, Subpart P Hand and portable powered tools and other hand-held equipment. TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY-2

16 Hand Tool Safety Hand tools include anything from axes to wrenches. They seem simple, but hand tools can be hazardous on your construction worksite. The greatest hazards posed by hand tools are misuse and improper maintenance. Some OSHA requirements to follow include: Never use a chisel as a screwdriver (or vise versa), doing so could cause the tip of the chisel or screwdriver to break, hitting you or other employees. If a wooden handle on a tool such as a hammer or an axe is loose, splintered, or cracked, the head may fly off and strike you or another worker. A wrench must not be used if its jaws are sprung or smooth; it might slip. Impact tools such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins are unsafe if they have mushroomed heads. The heads might shatter on impact, sending sharp fragments flying. Never use a tool in that condition, give it to your supervisor and get a replacement. Safety tips Your employer is responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment you use, but you have the responsibility to use and maintain tools properly and let your employer know if tools are inadequate or in poor condition. Other safety tips to keep in mind for hand tools are: Whatever tool you re using, whether it s a saw, knife, or other tool, direct it away from other employees working nearby. All cutting tools must be sharp. Dull tools can be more hazardous than sharp ones. When working with draw knives, adzes or similar cutting tools, use personal protective equipment such as wire mesh gloves, wrist guards, arm guards, and aprons or belly guards. General safety rules These general safety rules apply to all hand tools as well as any job situation: Maintain your tools. This includes proper sharpening, oiling and storage. Regularly inspect tools, and accessories. Replace problem equipment immediately. Make repairs only if you are qualified. Keep your work area clean. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety glasses, respirators and hearing protection. Dress right. This includes choosing clothing that will not tangle in tools, and not wearing jewelry. Choose the right tool for the job. Also, make sure it is not only the right tool, but it is the correct size for the job. Handouts may be copied and distributed to workers for use during your training session. Please refer to HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL for restrictions. TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY HANDOUT-1 Copyright J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.,

17 Tools, Hand & Power Hand Tool Safety Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the names of employees who attended this training session on Tools, Hand & Power Hand Tool Safety at this company,. The session covered general information on good work practices for working with hand tools. The space below is for employees to sign-off that they were in attendance. Date of Training: Employee Signature Job Location: Print Name Here Supervisor s Signature Sign-off sheets may be copied and distributed to workers for use during your training session. Please refer to HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL for restrictions. TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY SIGN-OFF-1 Copyright J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.,

18 Tools, Hand & Power Hand Tool Safety: Alternate Hand tools include anything from axes to wrenches. They seem simple, but hand tools can be dangerous, especially if misused or improperly maintained. That s why there are specific requirements for workers using hand tools. Story Discussion It happened like this Tom was an old school type of construction guy. In general, he liked things to stay the same. This even carried over to his tools. Tom liked his tools, some of the same ones he d used since he started working in construction, 20 years ago. Megan, the safety person on the jobsite, was walking past Tom and noticed the hammer that he had sitting in his toolbox was very old and had a cracked wooden handle. Tom, that hammer is ancient. You don t still use it, do you? Megan guessed. Sure, I use it, why? The handle is cracked. The head is going to come off the next time you use it. I just used it a minute ago, it s fine, Tom growled. Not so fast. OSHA says you can t use tools that have cracked wooden handles. What do they know, anyway? Some of my other tools have cracked handles and I use them almost everyday. Well you can t use those either. Megan stood tall, projecting authority. Show me the OSHA regulation that says that, Tom challenged. I ll get that and make a copy for you. Don t use those tools with the cracked handles anymore. They re not safe. Whatever you say, Tom bitterly replied. Let s talk about this, OK? What did Megan do right? Noticed that the hammer wasn t suitable for use. Told Tom not to use it. TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY: ALTERNATE-1

19 Was to bring a copy of the OSHA regulation over to prove her point. What did Tom do wrong? Used tools that had cracked handles. After 20 years in the construction business he should have known better. Argued with Megan instead of listening to her. What happens next? What do you think should happen next? Megan should come back and show Tom the OSHA standard that applies ( (d)). Megan should make sure that those tools are removed from the jobsite. Tom should either destroy the tools, get them fixed, or take them off the jobsite. Tool safety rules These general safety rules apply to all hand tools as well as any job situation: Maintain your tools. This includes proper sharpening, oiling, and storage. Regularly inspect tools. Replace problem equipment immediately. Make repairs only if qualified. Use PPE as necessary. Choose the right tool for the job. Make sure it s the correct size for the job. TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY: ALTERNATE-2

20 Hand Tool Safety: Alternate Hand tools include anything from axes to wrenches. They seem simple, but hand tools can be dangerous, especially if misused or improperly maintained. That s why there are specific requirements for workers using hand tools. Let s talk about this, OK? What did Megan do right? What did Tom do wrong? What happens next? What do you think should happen next? Tool safety rules These general safety rules apply to all hand tools as well as any job situation: Maintain your tools. This includes proper sharpening, oiling, and storage. Regularly inspect tools. Replace problem equipment immediately. Make repairs only if qualified. Use PPE as necessary. Choose the right tool for the job. Make sure it s the correct size for the job. TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY: ALTERNATE HANDOUT-1 Handouts may be copied and distributed to workers for use during your training session. Please refer to HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL for restrictions. Copyright J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.,

21 Tools, Hand & Power Hand Tool Safety: Alternate Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees who have taken part in a training session on Tools, Hand & Power Hand Tool Safety: Alternate at this company,. The session covered: The story of Megan and Tom. What Megan did right and Tom did wrong. The importance of knowing how to safely use, inspect, and maintain tools. The space below is for employees to sign off that they were in attendance. Date of Training: Employee Signature Job Location: Print Name Here Supervisor s Signature TOOLS, HAND & POWER HAND TOOL SAFETY: ALTERNATE SIGN-OFF-1 Sign-off sheets may be copied and distributed to workers for use during your training session. Please refer to HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL for restrictions. Copyright J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.,

22 Tools, Hand & Power Jacks Overview of Topic Repairing construction equipment can be dangerous, but working on equipment that needs to be jacked up for repair is doubly dangerous. From changing a tire on a pickup truck to maintaining a front end loader, there are certain precautions your employees must take under OSHA regulation 29 CFR A jack by definition is a tool for lifting and lowering a load by application of a pushing force. All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a positive stop to prevent overtravel. Put another way, they must have a device that stops them from being jacked up too high. Also, look for the jack manufacturer s rated capacity to be legibly marked on all jacks. Your employees cannot use a jack unless it has that marking. The rating itself is the maximum working load for which the jack is designed to lift safely. Your employees must make sure that the jack they are about to use has a rating sufficient to the load they are trying to lift. The rated load cannot be exceeded. Using a jack Before using a jack, make sure your employees read the manufacturer s instruction manual. The manual will provide any safety precautions your employees need to take. To set up a jack, have your employees make certain: the base rests on a firm level surface, the jack is correctly centered, the jack head bears against a level surface, and the lift force is applied squarely. Your employees will need to use wooden blocking under the base of the jack if necessary to make the jack level and secure. Where there is a possibility of slippage of the metal cap of the jack, employees must also place a hardwood block or equivalent between the cap and the load. To raise the load, the point of application of the load, the applied force, and the length of the lever arm should match those designated by the manufacturer for the particular jack. Once the load has been raised, OSHA requires that your employees block, crib, or otherwise secure it with jack stands or other suitable blocking devices or material. A jack should never be used to support a lifted load. Jack inspection and maintenance Common sense tells you to inspect a jack before each use, but OSHA requires a thorough inspection of jacks at frequencies that depend upon service conditions. The minimum frequencies are: Once every six months For constant or intermittent use at one locality; TOOLS, HAND & POWER JACKS-1 12/15

23 Employee Training Training Tips When sent out and when returned For jacks sent out of shop for special work; and Immediately before and immediately thereafter For any jack subjected to abnormal load or shock. Examine the jack, including repair or replacement parts for possible defects. If you find a jack that is damaged or defective, tag it outof-order and don t allow employees to use it until repairs are made. Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for safety. Ensure that jacks are maintained in a safe condition and properly lubricated at regular intervals. Fill hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures with an adequate antifreeze liquid. Training requirements are found in (b)(4) and (b)(2). Only employees qualified by training or experience may operate equipment, such as jacks. Therefore, employees should not be allowed to use jacks until they have been instructed in their proper use. Moreover, employees must be trained to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions and in the applicable regulations (like ) to control or eliminate hazards. Employees should also know who to report damaged or suspect jacks to, and how to take them out of service. Bring a typical jack and jack stands to your talk and demonstrate how to properly use them. If you have any photos of vehicles or equipment jacked up or on jack stands, bring them for discussion. Show trainees where they can find the load marking on a vehicle or equipment and where they can find the load rating on the jack. Stress that the rated load on the jack cannot be exceeded. Have the manufacturer s instruction manuals on the use and maintenance of the jacks and jack stands, and tell trainees where they can locate them. Also, review your own company s inspection, maintenance, and repair procedures and where those are found. Where to go for more information 29 CFR General safety and health provisions. 29 CFR Safety training and education. 29 CFR Tools Hand and power General. 29 CFR Jacks Lever and ratchet, screw, and hydraulic. The jack manufacturer s written instruction manual(s). TOOLS, HAND & POWER JACKS-2 12/15

24 J. J. KELLER S CONSTRUCTION TOOLBOX TALKS Jacks Jacks are very useful mechanical aids, but they must be used properly in order to be safe. As with any tool, before you use a jack, read and understand the manufacturer s instructions. Using a jack It is important to look for the rated capacity of a jack. It should be legibly marked on all jacks. The rating itself is the maximum working load for which the jack is designed to lift safely, so make sure that the jack you select has a rating sufficient to the load you are trying to lift. The load rating on the jack cannot be exceeded. To set up a jack, make certain: The jack s base rests on a firm level foundation, The jack is correctly centered, The jack head bears against a level surface, and The lift force is applied squarely. You will need to use wooden blocking under the base of the jack if necessary to make the jack level and secure. Where there is a possibility of slippage of the metal cap of the jack, also place a hardwood block or equivalent between the cap and the load. The lift should be straight up and down. If the load starts to shift or the jack starts to lean, reset the jack and the jack base more securely. Lift the load only as high as necessary, and do not overrun the stop indicator. Another critical point once the load has been raised, OSHA requires that you block, crib, or otherwise secure it with jack stands or other suitable blocking devices or material. In other words, a jack should never be used to hold a lifted load. Also, never place any part of your body beneath a raised load unless the load has been supported using blocking or jack stands. Its a good idea to remove the jack handle once the load is raised, but if the handle cannot be removed, place it in an upright position. Jack inspection and maintenance Common sense tells you to inspect a jack before each use, but at a minimum, OSHA requires a thorough inspection of jacks at the following frequencies depending upon the service conditions: Once every six months For constant or intermittent use; When sent out and when returned For jacks sent out of shop for special work; and Immediately before and immediately thereafter For any jack subjected to abnormal load or shock. Examine the jack, including repair or replacement parts for possible defects. If you find a jack that is damaged or defective, tag it out-of-order and don t allow anyone to use it until repairs are made. Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for safety. Ensure that jacks are maintained in a safe condition and properly lubricated at regular intervals. Fill hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures with an adequate antifreeze liquid. Finally, handle jacks carefully dropping or throwing them can distort or crack the metal, causing it to fail under a load. TOOLS, HAND & POWER JACKS HANDOUT-1 Handouts may be reproduced and distributed to workers for use during your training session. Please refer to HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL for restrictions. 12/15 Copyright J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc.,

25 Tools, Hand & Power Jacks Sign-Off Sheet This sign-off sheet documents the employees at this company,, who have taken part in a training session on Tools, Hand & Power Jacks. The session covered: The importance of reading the jack manufacturer s instructions. The jack s rated load capacity marking. How to set up a jack. The importance of blocking, cribbing, or otherwise securing the load once it is raised. When to inspect a jack and what to do if damage or defects are found. The basics in maintaining a jack. The space below is for employees to sign off that they were in attendance. Date of Training: Employee Signature Job Location: Print Name Here Supervisor s Signature TOOLS, HAND & POWER JACKS SIGN-OFF-1 Sign-off sheets may be reproduced and distributed to workers for use during your training session. Please refer to 12/15 Copyright J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc., HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL for restrictions.

26 Tools, Hand & Power Nail Guns Overview of Topic Nail guns are popular in construction, especially framing and sheathing work, because they boost productivity for nailing tasks. However, they re also responsible for more than 25,000 emergency room visits each year from workers. In fact, a study of apprentice carpenters found that two out of five were injured using a nail gun during their four years of training. Most nail gun injuries are caused by seven risk factors, including: unintended double firing, accidental discharge by a knocked safety contact, a nail going through a work piece, nail ricochet, missing the work piece, awkward position nailing, and bypassing safety mechanisms. Over half of all nail gun injuries are to the hand and fingers. Some injuries have resulted in organ damage and death. Because many nail gun injuries go unreported, you should ensure that your policies encourage employees to report their injuries. All nailers rely on two basic controls: a finger trigger and a contact safety tip located on the nose of the gun. The safest type of nail gun has a full sequential trigger. This trigger will only fire a nail when the controls are activated in a certain order (push safety contact, then squeeze trigger to fire, release both safety contact and trigger, and repeat process for another nail). Another common type of trigger is the contact trigger, which fires a nail when the safety contact and trigger are activated in any order. Studies show the risk of nail gun injury is twice as high when using the contact trigger compared to using a sequential trigger. Moreover, holding or carrying contact trigger nail guns with the trigger squeezed increases the risk of unintended nail discharge. As an employer, you may wish to restrict inexperienced employees to full sequential trigger nail guns starting out. Also, develop your own nail gun work procedures, such as those listed in the handout. Make sure that nailer manuals are always available on the jobsite. Safety shoes, which help protect workers toes from nail gun injuries, are typically required on most construction sites. In addition, you should provide hard hats, high-impact eye protection, and hearing protection when workers use nail guns. TOOLS, HAND & POWER NAIL GUNS-1 6/13

27 Employee Training Training Tips According to 29 CFR , employees must be trained to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions and in the regulations applicable to their work to control or eliminate the hazards. Recommended training topics include: How nail guns work and how triggers differ. Causes of injuries especially differences among trigger types. Tool manufacturer instructions and where the manual is kept. Hands-on training with actual nailers to be used, covering: How to load and fire the nail gun; How to operate the air compressor; How to hold lumber during placement work; How to recognize and approach ricochet-prone surfaces; How to handle awkward position work; and How best to minimize nail gun recoil and double fires. What to do when the nail gun malfunctions. Your company s nail gun work rules and personal protective equipment, including hearing protection. Your company s injury reporting, first aid, and medical treatment procedures. Be sure that training is provided in a manner that employees can understand. Define useful terms like recoil and double fire. Stress that both new and experienced workers can benefit from safety training. If your company color-codes nail guns by trigger type, be sure to explain your color-code system so employees can readily identify them. You might bring up any injuries or close calls that your company or others have suffered in the past. Encourage your employees to report nail gun injuries or musculoskeletal pain or symptoms immediately, even if they seem minor. Failure to seek medical care can result in complications and more serious injuries. Where to go for more information 29 CFR Occupational noise exposure. 29 CFR General requirements, tools, hand and power. 29 CFR Power-operated hand tools. ANSI A Safety requirements for explosive-actuated fastening tools. TOOLS, HAND & POWER NAIL GUNS-2 6/13

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