1 RANNILA PANEL 3LOCK...2

Transcription

1 1.6 SPECIFYING THE PANEL General Wind Loads External Walls Double Facades Structural Systems / Rannila Panel 3Lock 1 RANNILA PANEL 3LOCK GENERAL Panel types according ECCS CIB Rannila Panels Application Scope Environments Quality Requirements According to the Environment Handling of panels and their use in structures PROPERTIES OF RANNILA PANELS Technical data Strength Properties Long Term Durability Thermal insulation capacity FIRE PROPERTIES ACOUSTICS Noise and its Origin Insulation of Airborne Noise AIR PERMEABILITY... 14

2 Load (kg/m2) RANNILA PANEL 200 G80/1200 minimum support width 40 mm, deflection limit L/100 temperature difference 50 deg. C Span (mm ) The span-width curves contain both load and material safety factors (1.875). The safety factor is 1.0 for serviceability limit state. 1.7 INSTALLATION OF RANNILA PANEL General In order to achieve an impressive finished result, installation has to be carried out by properly trained personnel using the correct tools. Rannila Panel can be installed in several different configurations. The installation of Rannila Panel is fast because the panels are packed in the correct dimensions in installation order. They are light to handle and the fastening details are well planned in advance. To achieve a good, high quality final result, special care should be taken with sealing and insulating details. The installation of Rannila Panel is facilitated by a special lifting tool to lift the panels, which is light and therefore easy to handle by hand. The lifting tool is fastened to the panel while it is still on the pallet stack. The panel is lifted directly to the roof or wall and is fastened to the frame with the chosen fasteners. When the packages are not opened before installation, it is easy to ensure that they remain in good condition and are protected against rain and other potential damage

3 Our products are easy to install and there are also clear installation instructions available. Our extensive support service can provide assistance in problematic situations Packing When designing a panel wall and devising a panel schedule, it is worthwhile also considering the packing specification. The right package sequence considerably speeds up site procedures and avoids time wasted in searching for specific panels. Panel packages can be provided with codes that can refer directly to markings in the installation plans. All panels can therefore be positioned correctly, according to the plans. If the building contains many panels with the same lengths, the packing can be simplified, but in extensive, complicated projects it is worthwhile coding each panel. The panel that should be installed at the bottom of the wall is always found at the top of the package. If possible, the panels for one span should be packed together. However, if a span contains panels with different colours and/or different thicknesses, then the packages are grouped according to panel types. During production, the panels may be provided with a short installation code (about 5 characters). Every coded panel has a location of its own. The amount of panels packed in one package varies according to thickness and country; typical values are 80/14 pcs, 100/12 pcs, 125/9 pcs, 150/8 pcs and 200/6 pcs. In overseas deliveries, the number of panels in a package is reduced by one, in other words 80/ 13 pcs, 100/ 11 pcs, 125/ 8 pcs, 150/ 7 pcs, and 200/ 5 pcs. When designing the packages, the type of transport equipment has to be considered to avoid packages that are too tall. Typically the total height of packages should be 2.3 m Unloading If there is visible damage in a package or if the delivery is in any way inadequate, a comment to that effect must be made on the delivery note that has to be signed by the driver and the recipient of the delivery. Unloading is carried out from the side of the lorry. Unloading of panels should preferably be done with a forklift and one package at a time. Packages are lifted from the middle between the cross supports. The lowest panels might be damaged if lifted from the wrong positions. Packages must always be unloaded on an even surface. Packages must not be pulled or pushed. Moreover the panels might be moved against one another, causing the surfaced to be scratched. Panel packages must not be stored upon each other. Opened packages must be protected against moisture to prevent them from becoming wet. If stored outdoors for a long time, panel packages must be adequately covered

4 1.7.4 Panel Handling The panel must be lifted carefully using suitable tools. It is forbidden to pull or slide a panel against another. It is prohibited to cut a panel with an angular grinding machine, because hot sparks might damage the panel surface. Cutting may be carried out, for instance, with a jig saw or circular saw with hard metal blades Installing External Wall Panels Installation sequence, horizontal configuration: 1. The plinth band and the starter track are fastened onto the plinth (see accessories), the mineral wool inserts and the sealants are applied. The straightness and the level of the starter detail is ensured. The starter track should not be completely fastened against the column, because the female joint of the panel must fit into this gap (gap about 8-10mm). 2. The seal between the columns and the panels is fastened onto the face of the columns. The seal is fastened onto the column outside the fastening line of the panel so that the holes caused by the fasteners are sealed without extra work. See drawing RPDUK The cill flashing is fastened in accordance with the installation detail, e.g., onto the starter track. The installation sequence depends on the type of flashing used. 4. The panel lifting clamps are fastened to the top-most panel of the transport package. If there is a protective film on the upper, i.e. the outer surface, it is removed from the edges of the panel, or completely removed. Instructions on how to use the clamp and other more detailed information is given in the instruction guide delivered with the clamp. Acquaint yourself with the instructions before use. 5. The base panel is lifted from the package, mounted on the starter track and fastened to the columns. Panels must be fitted with a seal at least in the inner tongue-and-groove to ensure the tightness of the structure. The rest of the panels are installed in the same way - tightly one on another going from the bottom to the top. If not otherwise specified, the exterior wall panels are manufactured so that the upper surface of the panel in the transport package is the outer surface of the wall (usually PVDF coated). Over tightening the fasteners must be avoided, because it weakens the fastening. Dents on the surface of the panel indicate over-tightening. 6. Usually it is best to remove the protective films from the panels only after the wall is ready, because they protect the surfaces of the panels from getting scratched and dirty. The protective films can also be removed from each panel during installation, if necessary. Warm weather is best for removing films; do not attempt to remove them at temperatures under +0 o C. Protective films should not be left too long on the panel surface, because this makes their removal more difficult. The uncovered insulation surface on the panel s upper edge and openings should be immediately protected against rain, in case the installation procedure is interrupted, or if no protective strips are used. 7. Finally, the corners and vertical joints between the panels are sealed (thermally insulated). It is recommended that the seals are fixed at the same time as installing the wall

5 If the installation is interrupted, the edges of both installed and packed panels (uncovered mineral wool insulation) must be protected by taping a plastic strip onto the joint. 8. The flashings are installed, and the outer surface is sealed. This work must be carried out as soon as possible after panel installation. A seal, e.g., TS 3*10 must be used under the fastening surfaces of the flashings. In addition, the tightness of the joint between the exterior wall panel and the vertical joint flashing has to be ensured using sealing compound Installation sequence, vertical configuration The vertical installation is basically carried out in the same way as the horizontal configuration. The differences are as follows: 1. Seals and insulating materials are fastened onto the plinth in accordance with the structural drawings. 2. The thin vapour-proof sealant strip TS 3*10 is fixed onto the beam surface that will be placed against the panel. The strip is fixed outside the fastening line of the panel so that the holes caused by the fasteners are sealed without extra work. 3. The straightness of the first panel must be checked in order to avoid problems later. The straightness of the panel should be at the minimum +2mm. 4. The panels to be installed vertically must be tightly pressed together. The groove must be placed against the tongue to ensure a tight fit. 5. The condition of the wall should be regularly checked from different heights, always after two or three new panels are installed. The parallel installation of the panels ensures that the joints remain closed and the wall remains tight. 6. Exterior wall panels that are installed vertically must be fitted with a tongue-andgroove seal both on the inner and the outer surfaces of the tongue-and-groove. To remove the protective films, please see the previous section dealing with horizontal installation Storage If panels are stored on site, they should always be prevented from getting wet. Once opened, the packages have to be protected. If the installation is interrupted, the ends of the panels (with unprotected mineral wool) should be protected e.g. with a strip of plastic

6 1.7.7 Cutting To cut the panels on site, a circular saw with a special blade or a jig saw should be used. It is not possible to use hot cutting equipment or an angle grinder, because the heat generated by a hot bit or a hot spark can damage the panel surface. Cutting is carried out after first marking the panel surface. After the surface is cut on one side, the panel is turned onto its other side and cut across the same marked cutting line as the first. The insulation material is cut with a mineral wool knife or similar. Appropriate protective equipment should be used and cutting work must be carried out on the ground. Large scale of opening should be done after installation of the panel for avoiding permanent deformations Sealing All internal joints such as tongue-and-grooves, plinth, eaves and column intersections as well as opening reveals must be hermetically sealed. The partition wall structures are sealed in accordance with the requirements of the building function. Should an especially high sealing standard be required from the building or the structure, e.g., hygienic rooms, coldstorage rooms, laundries, and pressurised rooms, the method and materials used for sealing must be chosen in accordance with the project requirements. The intersections of external surfaces must also be sealed to ensure that the structure is weatherproof. Gaps in the external surface of the wall should be sealed at the same time as installing the wall. If it is not possible to fit the flashings immediately after joints are thermally insulated, uncovered points must be protected until the flashings are installed and the external surface is sealed. Uncovered mineral wool insulation must be protected with a plastic strip or similar, or by taping. When installing the flashings, seals - TS 3*10 or similar - must be used under the fastening surfaces. In high buildings, appropriate sealing of the whole wall must be ensured, and it is recommended to also seal the panel joints on both sides of the tongue-and-groove joint. The tongue-and-groove seals can be ordered factory-fixed. In high walls and in walls where the panel goes through the structure, water must be prevented from entering with sealing compound - please see RPDUK Fastening Panels are fastened to the frame with suitable fasteners, such as self-drilling screws or by a welded nut and bolt system. Over-tightening of the screws should be avoided, as it may cause dents. Over-tightening may also break the screws when tightening or after a short period of use. Panel dents at the fastening point also have an influence on the durability of joint and the appearance of the panel. When using threaded sleeve fastenings, the effects on the panel itself must be taken in consideration. In low-rise buildings (<7m), fastenings that go through the panel are not normally necessary, but in higher buildings, the panels must be fastened in this way, please see RPDUK02-3. However, elements above the openings should be fastened through the elements to the building's frame

7 Installation Instructions for Firewalls The panels are installed in a vertical or horizontal position with the tongue into the groove. Fastening with screws on both sides of the joints is done with a centre-to centre spacing of 500 mm. The product manual contains references to detail drawings. Installation sequence 1. The support profiles on one side of the panel are mounted and fastened to the floor and roof. 2. The seal between the panel and floor is installed (fire resistant mineral wool). 3. The panels are installed one at a time. 4. The joint between the panel and the roof is sealed with fire resistant mineral wool. 5. The support profiles on the other side of the panel are mounted and fastened to the floor and roof. Fastening method to allow for roof deflection Installation as above but a gap for deflection is left between the panels and the roof. Joints to other walls The joint between the wall and the panel is sealed with fire resistant mineral wool and support profiles are mounted on both sides of the panel. Corner joint A strip of the panel face is cut away from one corner in order to prevent a cold bridge through the structure. After this, the panels are installed, the corner sealed and the flashing fixed. Sealing All gaps are filled with mineral wool in order to make the structure fireproof. The heads of self-drilling screws penetrating the structure are protected with fire resistant mineral wool and capping flashings

8 1.8 HORIZONTAL INSTALLATION 1. The best method of lifting the panel packages from the lorry is with a forklift or telehandler. Packages should be lifted one at a time. They are lifted from the middle between the cross-supports. Lifting from the wrong positions leads to damage in the lowest panel. 2. The packages are positioned on level ground with several supports. It is worthwhile setting the package directly near the installation place with the tongue positioned towards the wall. Then the panels do not have to be turned around during installation and they can be directly lifted up on the wall. In the package, the top of the panel is its external face. Supports should be broad and strong so that the lowest panel is not bent or otherwise damaged. The package must not be pulled or pushed, because the sliding of panels might damage the outer surface. Packages must not be pulled or pushed,(see the figure). There are straps around the packages which may damage the panels. Also the panels might slide against each other which may scratch their surfaces. Other loads must not be placed on top of the packages or on unprotected panels to avoid the surface getting damaged. 3. Supports, seals and insulations are installed upon the plinth, according to the structural details. It is important to check the level of the plinth before starting the installation so that no problems are encountered as work progresses. The level of the plinth should be within ± 3 mm

9 4. In order to prevent leakage of air and vapour, the joints of the panels should be well sealed. A thin Rannila panel sealant strip is glued on the face of the column facing the panel. This strip provides an airtight seal against vapour and is positioned along the line of fixing to ensure that holes made for fasteners are also sealed without any extra work. 5. Panels are lifted with the Rannila special clamp, usually in conjunction with a spreader beam. A detailed instruction manual for using the clamp is also provided. Remember to use safety ropes. Rannila Panel is delivered with factory-applied seals. Before lifting the panel, check the sealing material in the groove of the panel. If there are any discontinuities in the seal or other irregularities, these should be repaired with standard sealing compound. When fixing the panel upon the last one installed, open the protective film from the panel joint, so that it is not trapped during installation. The film should not yet be completely removed, because it effectively protects the surface of the panel against scratching during the installation process

10 7. The panel should be locked onto the frame of the building with an appropriate clamping device before commencing the fastening operation. This technique keeps the surface of the panel evenly pressed against the column and its seal. It also increases safety, simultaneously improving installation accuracy. 7. Rannila Panel is fastened according to structural details. It can be fastened onto all types of frames effectively and securely. During fixing, the support width shown in structural details and the distance from the fasteners to the end of the panel should be taken into account. Avoid over-tightening fasteners because this can hamper their long term performance and might damage the panels. Over-tightening can be observed from dents on the panel s surface

11 8. When installation has reached the top panel, check if a full width panel can be inserted in the top position. The cutting of panels should be carried out on the ground for safety. 9. The cutting of panels should always be carried out on the ground, where it can be done safely on a solid support. The surface of Rannila Panel is made from Rautaruukki high quality, coated cold rolled steel sheet which is best cut with a circular saw with a tough metal blade or a jig saw. When cutting the panels, general safety rules and work protection regulations should be observed. After cutting, the surfaces of the panels should be cleaned to remove all metal chips that could scratch the surface

12 10. The joints between the panels are sealed very tightly because of their shape. At the columns, a gap (20 mm) is usually left for the insertion of suitable insulation material. This should be as filled as tight as possible to prevent air from passing through the joint. 11. Flashings are fastened according to the structural details. When fastening flashings, attention must be focused on sealing against the surface of the panels, to prevent water ingress. Flashings may be fastened with self-drilling screws or rivets directly onto the surface of the panels

13 1.9 VERTICAL INSTALLATION 13. Fastening of doors and windows is carried out according to structural details. Attention should be focused on achieving an airtight seal and sufficient tightening of external flashings. With large doors and windows, a separate frame is normally used to support the panels. 14. The seal and insulation strips are installed upon the plinth according to the structural details. The vertical position of the first panel should be checked so that no problems are encountered during installation. The straightness of the panel should be within ±2 mm. The cill flashing is usually face-flashed to the panel. In order to prevent vapour and air leakages, the joints of the panels have to be well sealed. A thin, airtight Rannila sealant strip for panels is fixed to the surface of the beam facing the panel. The strip is fixed inside the line where the panels are fastened. In this way, the fastener holes are simultaneously sealed without any extra work

14 15. When the installation of panels has reached the corner, check if there is room for a full width panel. For safety reasons, the panel should be cut-to-size on the ground. 16. Rannila Panels are also used for firewalls. The panels must be fastened and sealed carefully, following the structural details. The installation of the panels is otherwise quite similar to fitting any Rannila Panel wall. The only difference is that highly fire resistant material is used as insulation material, specially selected for sealing fire insulating details

15 1.10 ACCESSORIES Sealing Code Size/Measure Foam filler strip SN 100 band 90 * 10mm SN 125 band 115 * 10mm SN 150 band 140 * 10mm SN 200 band 190 * 10mm Mineral wool insulation TV 30 30x565x7080mm (=4m 2 /roll,8m 2 /package) Mineral wool insulation PAL 20 20x600x1200mm (for fireproof applications) (0.72m2/sheet,10 sheets/pack) Column seals TS 3*10 band 3*10mm EPDM rubber TS 8x *12 band 8*12mm Seal for flashing seals TS 3*10 band 3*10mm (also 5*15) band 5*15 Mastic sealant PSM 310ml/tube Quality in accordance with requirement level Flashings PSL1 Vertical joint flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm PSL2 Vertical joint flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm PSL3 Vertical joint flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm UNL1 External corner flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm UNL2 External corner flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm UNL3 L-External corner flashing on inside 0.6 PE L=3050 mm UNL4 L-External corner flashing on inside 0.6 PE L=3050 mm SNL1 L-Internal corner flashing on inside 0.6 PE L=3050 mm SNL2 L-Internal corner flashing on inside 0.6 PE L=3050 mm SNL3 L-Internal corner flashing on outside 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm SL1 Cill flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm SL2 Cill flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm SL3 Cill flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm SL4 Cill flashing + aux. flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm SL5 Cill flashing 0.6 PVDF L=3050 mm

16 SKK100 TC-Starter track 1.2 galv. L=5000 mm SKK125 TC-Starter track 1.2 galv. L=5000 mm SKK150 TC-Starter track 1.2 galv. L=5000 mm SKK200 TC-Starter track 1.2 galv. L=5000 mm IR80 TU-Window channel 1.2 PE L=5000 mm IR100 TU-Window channel 1.2 PE L=5000 mm IR125 TU-Window channel 1.2 PE L=5000 mm IR150 TU-Window channel 1.2 PE L=5000 mm IR200 TU-Window channel 1.2 PE L=5000 mm OR80 U-Door channel 2.0 galv. L=5000 mm OR100 U-Door channel 2.0 galv. L=5000 mm OR125 U-Door channel 2.0 galv. L=5000 mm OR150 U-Door channel 2.0 galv. L=5000 mm OR200 U-Door channel 2.0 galv. L=5000 mm PR80 U-Bottom track, internal wall 1.0 galv. L=5000 mm PR100 U-Bottom track, internal wall 1.0 galv. L=5000 mm PR125 U-Bottom track, internal wall 1.0 galv. L=5000 mm PR150 U-Bottom track, internal wall 1.0 galv. L=5000 mm PR200 U-Bottom track, internal wall 1.0 galv. L=5000 mm KL1 L-Fastening rail, internal wall 1.0 galv. L=3050 mm KL2 L-Fastening rail, internal wall 1.0 galv. L=3050 mm KLO1 Fastening rail, internal wall 1.2 galv. L=3050 mm KLO2 Fastening trim, internal wall 0.6 PE L=3050 mm PE = Polyester

17 1.11 FASTENING AND FASTENERS General Rannila Panel can be safely fastened to different frame materials. Fasteners given in the table below or similar, or female thread sockets can be used. Self-tapping screws are used for fastening to steel thicker than 12mm. Pre-drilled holes are necessary for these screws. Female thread sockets can be pre-welded onto the steel frame during manufacture and fastening plates are used for fixing. See picture RPTUK09B. SX5/SCF3 SX12/SCF12 TD/SCFW SPIKE SX12/SCF

18 Table 1 Stainless steel fasteners in accordance with SFS intec product information. Panel Steel Steel Steel Wood Concrete thickness 1,5-3 mm 3-10 mm over 10 mm Spike 80 SX5-S19-5,5*107 SXC12-S19-5.5*124 TDB-S-S19-6.3*100 TDA-S-S16-6,5*127 DL95-S-S19-6,3* SX5-S19-5.5*156 SXC12-S19-5.5*140 TDB-S-S19-6.3*127 TDA-S-S16-6,5*152 DL120-S-S19-6,3* SX5-S19-5.5*156 SXC12-S19-5.5*165 TDB-S-S19-6.3*152 SXCW-S19-5,5*190 DL146-S-S19-6,3* SX5-S19-5.5*207 SX12-S19-5.5*191 TDB-S-S19-6.3*178 TDA-S-S19-6,5*215 DL171-S-S19-6,3* SX5-S19-5.5*248 SX12-S19-5,5*245 TDB-S-S19-6.3*215 TDA-S-S19-6.5*250 DL222-S-S19-6,3*254 Table 2 Durocoat coated or hot galvanized fasteners in accordance with SFS product information. Panel Steel Steel Steel Wood Concrete thickness 1,5-3 mm 3-10 mm over 10 mm Spike 80 SCF3-S19-6,3*105 SCF12-S19-6,3*120 TDB-S-S19-6.3*100 SCFW-S19-6.5*130 D95-S19-6,3* SCF3-S19-6,3*145 SCF12-S19-6,3*140 TDB-S-S19-6.3*127 SCFW-S19-6.5*150 D120-S19-6,3* SCF3-S19-6,3*155 SCF12-S19-6,3*160 TDB-S-S19-6.3*152 SCFW-S19-6.5*180 D146-S19-6,3* SCF3-S19-6,3*175 SCF12-S19-6,3*190 TDB-S-S19-6.3*178 SCFW-S19-6.5*235 D171-S19-6,3* SCF3-S19-6,3*230 SCF12-S19-6,3*235 TDB-S-S19-6.3*215 TDA-S-S19-6.5*250 D222-S19-6,3*254 The durability of the fastener and the corrosion resistance of the screws are ensured when using high quality fasteners in a correct manner. High quality fasteners can also resist corrosion in very demanding circumstances and the fastening remains firm. Over-tightening should be avoided to ensure firm fastening. It is also acceptable to use other brands of fasteners than indicated here. Table 3 Fastening with female thread sockets in thick wall steel frames. See also drawing RPDUK02-3. Thickness class of panel Hex screw for female thread socket fastening Example: 8.8, female thread socket M12 * M12 * M12 * M12 * M12 * M12 *

19 Fixing of flashings Table4. Flashing and side lapping screws Item Minimum sheet thickness Maximum sheet thickness Carbon steel Stainless ; 4,2*13 total 2,3 mm Galvanized SL2-T-A14-4,8*20 2 * 0,4 mm 2 * 1,0 mm Galvanized SL2-S-A14-4,8*20 2 * 0,4 mm 2 * 1,0 mm AISI304 SXL2-A14-5,5*22 2 * 0,4 mm 2 * 1,0 mm AISI ; 4,2*13 SL2-T-A14-4,8*20 Galvanized and RR20 in stock, Galvanized and most common other RR colours to order RR colours in stock SXL2-A14-5,5*22 AISI 304 and RR standard colours to order SL2-S-A14-4,8*20 AISI 304 and RR standard colours to order The fastener ; 4.2*13 is designed for interior wall flashings. It can also be used, when needed, as a tongue-and-groove fastening between fire rated panel structures. See picture RPDUK12-7. It is recommended to always use bonded screws for exterior wall structures. Suitable rivets are another acceptable option

20 Mechanical depth adjuster The mechanical depth adjuster used for the fixing of flashings fits the screw to the correct tightness and measures the distance between the head and the base plate automatically. The depth adjuster is adjusted by on-site testing, after which the tightness is verified by eye. The degree of tightness is correct when about 1 mm of the seal is visible from underneath the base plate. A problem that can occur with the depth adjuster is that the screw junction itself might remain loose. If the thin sheet to be fastened rises onto the threads of the screw and up against the screw head, the depth adjuster reacts prematurely, and the junction is not sufficiently tightened. Wrong Correct Wrong Picture 1. Visual assessment of correct screw tightness. Torque adjuster When using a torque adjuster, the standard values given by the screw manufacturer must be complied with. Should any directions not be available, the general rule is that the largest tightening torque = 0.5 * thread cutting breaking strength. The tightness of the screw can also be checked by eye, in the same way as with the depth adjuster. A firm screw junction is achieved through the power generated from the correctly adjusted torque and the threads. The problem associated with torque-adjusted machines is the natural variation of wood, because the torque adjuster reacts differently to different sections of wood. At a knot, the screw may remain loose. The screws used for fixing flashings are of the overlapping type with an unthreaded part under the head. Overlapping screws always attach themselves with the correct tightness

21 Spring screw socket It is advisable to use an item called a spring screw socket. A magnetic socket collects drill swarf. If swarf is not removed from the socket often enough, it will stick to the paint surface of the screw head and damage the paint. Swarf stuck to the screw head will become rusty and harm its appearance. This doesn t happen when a spring screw socket is used. It assists in creating a durable high quality end product. If the screw socket is not tempered, it must be changed after 500 pieces. A tempered socket is changed after 1500 pieces Choice of fasteners The most important factor when choosing the fastening is its long-term durability, i.e. its corrosion resistance. Other factors are its drilling capability, durability, the base material used, and exterior appearance. When choosing fasteners, ensure that any bi-metallic corrosion can t occur. Long-term durability The most important factors affecting the rate of metal corrosion are the time the surface remains wet and environmental impurities. Compounds of sulphur and chlorine are impurities that strongly accelerate corrosion. When the environmental stress class is defined, special attention must be paid to factors in the immediate vicinity of the project. When selecting a fastener, regional conditions and climate stress classes C1-C5 must be borne in mind. This ensures the selection of a suitable fastener which is visually and structurally as good as the material to be fastened. Fasteners suitable for any climate stress class are given in the table below. It is highly recommended to use the table when choosing fasteners for Rannila Panel

22 Table 5 Choice of fastening material for Rannila Panel in accordance with the environmental class. Environmental stress class C1 C2 C3 Material of fastening and protection type Circumstances Examples Galvanized Stainless >12 lambda A2 m + painting Heated interiors with Offices and apartments X X relative humidity >60% Interiors with varying Unheated interiors X X relative humidity and temperature Clean countryside X X climate C4 City climate Big cities and population centres. Impurities in the air, e.g. carbon, nitrogen and sulphur compounds C5 Industrial climate Impurities such as the city climate, but the quantity of impurities can be greater and their quality may vary in accordance with regional circumstances C6 Sea climate Chlorides in the air. The quantity of chlorides depends on the distance of the building from the sea and from the direction and strength of the wind. In Finland, the effect of chlorides is restricted to only a few hundred metres from the seashore. X X X X Drilling capability The drilling capability is only one of the features of a screw, but special attention must be paid to it. There are screws from several manufacturers available on the market, and almost all give similar theoretical drilling capabilities. In practice, there are remarkable manufacturer-specific differences in the drilling capabilities. They chiefly concern axial power needed for the installation. The axial power is the power that is used to push the screw during installation. With base materials thicker than 3mm, the drilling capability will also have an effect on the required installation time. Factors having an influence on drilling capability: diameter of the drill bit shape/model of the drill bit speed of rotation r/min axial power base materials surface finish of the screw

23 Durability Product information given by The Finnish Constructional Steelwork Association FCSA should always be required from the manufacturer when structural self-drilling screws are to be used. Ensure that the features of the screws comply with both official and quality requirements