Who is The Father of Modern Rocketry?

Transcription

1 Language Arts 1. LEARN (First Class Session) STEP Who is The Father of Modern Rocketry? Objectives Students will demonstrate how to edit a written article. Students will edit mixed up paragraphs looking for grammar, punctuation, capitalization and spelling errors. To reinforce learning about Robert Goddard and his rockets, students will construct and launch a model rocket. Materials 1. Viking,Alpha or Wizard Rocket Lab Pack (12 pack) - 2 or more 2. Rocket Engine Lab Pack (24 pack) - 1 or more 3. Electron Beam Launch Controller - 1 or more 4. Porta-Pad II Launch Pad - 1 or more 5. The Father of Modern Rocketry worksheet - 1 per student 6. A Typical Model Rocket article - for overhead, whiteboard or interactive whiteboard 7. Carpenter s wood glue or white glue, scissors, modeling knife, ruler, masking tape, sandpaper, spray paint and pencil for each student 8. Model Rocket Safety Code for each student Time Three class sessions ROCKET LABTM NATIONAL STANDARD Standard 1 Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process Benchmark 3 Editing and Publishing: Uses strategies to edit and publish written work (e.g., edits grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling at a developmentally appropriate level) Background Robert H. Goddard is considered to be The Father of Modern Rocketry. In the early 20th century, the American Robert H. Goddard ( ) conducted experiments in rocketry. He was interested in ways of achieving higher altitudes. He published a pamphlet in 1919 called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes.Today, we call this mathematical analysis the meteorological sounding 1

2 rocket. In his booklet, Goddard made several conclusions important to rocketry. He concluded that a rocket operates with greater efficiency in a vacuum than in air. Goddard also said that multi-stage rockets were the best way to achieve high altitudes. He believed the velocity needed to escape Earth s gravity could be achieved in this way. Goddard s first experiments were with solid-propellant rockets. He began to try various types of solid fuels and to measure the exhaust velocities of the burning gases in 1915.While working on solid-propellants, he concluded that a rocket could be propelled better by liquid fuel. Until this time, no one had built a successful liquid-propellant rocket. It was much harder to build liquid-propellant rockets because fuel and oxygen tanks, turbines and combustion chambers are needed. On March 16, 1926, Goddard conducted the first successful liquidpropellant rocket flight. It was fueled by liquid oxygen and gasoline.the rocket flew for only 2 I/2 seconds, climbed 12.5 meters and landed 56 meters away in a cabbage patch. Not too impressive, but this rocket became the forerunner of a new era in rocket flight. Robert Goddard experimented with liquid-propellant rockets for many years. His rockets grew bigger and flew higher. He built a gyroscope system for flight control and a payload section for scientific instruments. He also had parachute recovery systems that returned his rockets and instruments safely to the ground.we call Robert Goddard the Father of Modern Rocketry because of all his achievements in rocketry. KEY WORDS altitudes capitalization conclusions era experiments grammar gyroscope multi-stage payload propellant punctuation Activity 1. Explain that editors look for correct grammar, punctuation, capitalization and spelling when they read articles. 2. Use an overhead, whiteboard or interactive digital whiteboard to show students the paragraph A Typical Model Rocket. Select students to read out loud each sentence of this paragraph.after all paragraph sentences are read out loud, ask students to make appropriate punctuation, grammar, capitalization or spelling corrections on the overhead, whiteboard or interactive digital whiteboard. 3. When students have found all the errors and corrected them, let students edit The Father of Modern Rocketry worksheet. 4. If time permits, review this activity together with the class. Note: To modify for younger students, let them find only one type of error. (e.g., spelling errors) 2

3 STEP 2.BUILD (Second class session) Activity 1. Reading about model rockets and the Father of Modern Rocketry should motivate students to want to learn more about rockets.to become a modern rocket scientist like Robert Goddard, students will make and launch an Estes model rocket. 2. Build the Alpha,Wizard or Viking model rocket together with students, using step-by-step procedures. Skill Level 1 rocket kits require some cutting, gluing, sanding and painting. Features to make building easy include step-by-step instructions, balsa or card stock fins, plastic nose cones and self-stick decals.the Viking and Wizard rockets are streamer recovery and the Alpha rocket is recovered by parachute. Assembly will take one class session. If you have never built one of these rockets, it is a good idea to build one before your students do so you can better assist them during the building activity. 3. Review the Model Rocket Safety Code with students. STEP 3.LAUNCH (Third class session) Activity 1. Assign and post launch jobs for students. Launch jobs are in the Estes Educator Guide for Teachers & Youth Group Leaders. 2. Prepare rockets for launching in your classroom before going outside to launch. Follow the Engine Preparation steps located in the rocket instructions. 3. Launch rockets outside at a soccer field, football field, baseball field, green grass area or blacktop area. Wrap Up - Touch Down & Recovery 1. Discuss with students what they learned when building and launching a model rocket. 3

4 2. Students will write a summary (one or two paragraphs) titled What I Know About Rocketry. 3. Students will edit their classmates summaries looking for grammar, capitalization, spelling and punctuation errors. Extensions 1. Students will do a web quest activity or library research to find out more information about Robert Goddard and his work with rockets. 2. Show the video The Rocket Men available in school science supply catalogs. This video features Robert Goddard and his inventions. Evaluation/Assessment Students will complete the worksheet The Father of Modern Rocketry. Students will write a summary about what they know about rocketry. Students will make and launch an Estes Skill Level 1 model rocket. References Estes Educator - Guide for Teachers and Youth Group Leaders Estes Educator Website - NASA - Rockets - A Teacher s Guide with Activities in Science, Mathematics, and Technology Let s Build Airplanes & Rockets! Dr. Ben P. Millspaugh & Dr. Beverley Taylor, Learning Triangle Press, New York, The Rocket Book, Robert L. Cannon & Michael A. Banks, Prentice Hall, New York, Estes-Cox Corp.All rights reserved. 4

5 (Overhead) A Typical Model Rocket Model Rockets came in a wid variety of sizus, shapes and tipes. No matter what there shape is, they all have many charactoristics in common. The basic structure of a racket that gave it its shape and to which other parts are attaching is called a body tube.this thing of the rocket is usualy long and slendar. Made of paper,that is tightly wounded in a spirel pattern most body tubes are.the tube strong yet light.the body tube can also be named the fusleage, or airframe of the rocket. The Nose Cone is the frunt end of the racket. Usually if is shaped two provide mini-mum resistence, or drag, to the air that the Rocket moves thru.attaching to the nose cone is the shock cord and a Parachute. The fins gives the rocket stababilitay and guidance in it s flight. Finz can be made of balsa wood, plaztic ore card stock. A rocket must have a launch lug that guides it up the launch rod.the lunch lug is a small tube shaped like a soda straw and is usally Made of paper. The recovery System brings thee rocket back to the ground.the used most commonly recovery systems are the parachute and streamer. Most recovery systems are stored insid the Body Tube.They help the racket come down slowly so that they are not hurt. The modle rocket engine provides the power that causes the Rocket to move upward.the Engine Mout holds the Engine in the proper Position in the Body tude. 5

6 (Key) A Typical Model Rocket Model rockets come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and types. No matter what their shape, they all have many characteristics in common. The basic structure of a rocket that gives it its shape and to which other parts are attached is called a body tube.this part of the rocket is usually long and slender. Most body tubes are made of paper that is tightly wound in a spiral pattern.the tube is strong yet light.the body tube can also be called the fuselage or airframe of the rocket. The nose cone is the front end of the rocket. Usually it is shaped to provide minimum resistance, or drag, to the air that the rocket moves through. Attached to the nose cone is the shock cord and a parachute or streamer. The fins give the rocket stability and guidance in its flight. Fins can be made of balsa wood, plastic or card stock. A rocket must have a launch lug that guides it up the launch rod.the launch lug is a small tube shaped like a soda straw and is usually made of paper. The recovery system brings the rocket back to the ground.the most common recovery systems used are the parachute and streamer. Most recovery systems are stored inside the body tube.they help the rocket come down slowly so it is not hurt. The model rocket engine provides the power that causes the rocket to move upward.the engine mount holds the engine in the proper position in the body tube. 6

7 Name Class Date Edit this article. Remember to look for capitalization, grammar, spelling and punctuation errors. The Father of Modern Rocketry Robert H. Goddard was borne in Worcester, Massashusets.When he was growing up, he was interest in racket science. He is always thinking of rockets and their feul. He did sum experinets be tween 1901 and 1945 that were invaluable to the developing of rocket science. Dr. Goddard published a report in 1919 called A Method of Reaching Estreme Altitudes.This report he used two describ the racket flight he thunk could be used to reach the Moon. Most sciencetists at that tyme did not take him ceriously. He kept working and most of his work will not be recognized until after his death. In 1926, Doc Goddard sucessfully launched the worlds first liquid-prolpeled rocket.the Saturn Moon rocket that put man in the moon in 1969 this is the kind of fuel that was used in, Its the kinda feul system that the Space Shuttle powers. Goddards liquid-propelled rocket of 1929 carryed instrumints, including a thermometer, barometer; and a small camerra. Dr. Goddard needed a larger open area for his experimints so he moved to New Mexico. His Wife, Ester; home movies of his experiments made.theze movees were prouf of his failures and succeses. He experimented with rockets that wnet 550 miles per hour and as hi as 1 _ miles:the Germans used Goddards work to help make war missles. Jet and rocket-asissted takeoff motores for seaplanes he helped the U.S. Navy with. The beginning of human space exploration Robert Goddards work was. He was not given from his country and fellow sciencetists attention and recognition; After hes death his family was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. 7

8 (KEY) The Father of Modern Rocketry Robert H. Goddard was born in Worcester, Massachusetts.When he was growing up, he was interested in rocket science. He was always thinking of rockets and their fuel. He did some experiments between 1901 and 1945 that were invaluable to the development of rocket science. Dr. Goddard published a report in 1919 called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. He used this report to describe the rocket flight he thought could be used to reach the moon. Most scientists at that time did not take him seriously. He kept working and most of his work would not be recognized until after his death. In 1926, Dr. Goddard successfully launched the world s first liquid-propelled rocket.this is the kind of fuel that was used in the Saturn moon rocket that put man on the moon in It s the kind of fuel system that powers the Space Shuttle. Goddard s liquid-propelled rocket of 1929 carried instruments, including a thermometer, barometer and a small camera. Dr. Goddard needed a larger open area for his experiments so he moved to New Mexico. His wife, Ester, made home movies of his experiments.these movies were proof of his failures and successes. He experimented with rockets that went 550 miles per hour and as high as 1 1 /2 miles.the Germans used Goddard s work to help make war missiles. He helped the U.S. Navy with jet and rocket-assisted takeoff motors for seaplanes. Robert Goddard s work was the beginning of human space exploration. He was not given attention and recognition from his country and fellow scientists. After his death his family was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. 8