THE VALUES OF HEROISMIN THE LORD OF THE RINGS:THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING NOVEL BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN THESIS

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1 THE VALUES OF HEROISMIN THE LORD OF THE RINGS:THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING NOVEL BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN THESIS This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve the Sarjana Degree in English Education BY: FATHONATI KUSUMANINGRUM NIM: ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2013

2 THE VALUES OF HEROISMIN THE LORD OF THE RINGS:THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING NOVEL BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN THESIS This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve the Sarjana Degree in English Education BY: FATHONATI KUSUMANINGRUM NIM: ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2013

3 THE VALUES OF HEROISMIN THE LORD OF THE RINGS:THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING NOVEL BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN THESIS This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve the Sarjana Degree in English Education BY: FATHONATI KUSUMANINGRUM NIM: ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2013

4 This thesis written by Fathonati Kusumaningrum was approved on October 31 st, By: Advisor I Advisor II Santi Prasetyowati, SPd Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum

5 This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang and accepted as the partial requirement to achieve Sarjana Degree at the English Education On October 31 st, 2013 Approved by Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang Dean, (Dr. M. Syaifuddin, MM) Examiner: Signatures: 1. Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd Rina W Setyaningrum, M.Ed Santi Prasetyowati, S.Pd Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum 4..

6 MOTTO and DEDICATION Keberhasilantidaksemata matadilihatdariapa yang telahdicapai, tapikeberhasilanadalahsejauhmanakeberanianmemulaisesuatu DEDICATION I dedicated this thesis to: My beloved mother ( Parjinah, SPd), father (DrsSyafruddinMujiyono, MMPd) Sister (UmmiBazrahZulaikha, SPd), Brother (Mu ammalhamidy, S.Kom), Brother (FaqihAlySyari ati, Lc) And my lovely husband (Muhammad Faji, ST).

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, the writer would like to express his deepest gratitude to the One and Only, Allah the Almighty whose blessings make everything possible, especially for her being able to finish the thesis. Then, might the sholawat and salaam are devoted to our Prophet Muhammad SAW the greatest man of all, the latest prophet, and no words can describe his highly praised character. Second, the writer s appreciation and gratitude also goes to Santi Prasetyowati, SPd as the first advisor, who gave her sincere attention, guidance, and advice among herdense time and activities. Third, the writer s gratefulness also goes to Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum as the second advisor whose guidance, advice, and sincere appreciation and recognition of the writer s draft has built up her self-confidence. His invaluable literature input and intensive comments on the writer s mistakes, even the most naïve ones, serve as a positive feedback and constructive criticisms which contribute much to the quality of this thesis. Fourth, the writer s gratitude goes to the examiners: Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd, Rina W. Setyaningrum, M.Pd. Who had given a lot of suggestions and criticisms which also contribute much to the quality of this thesis. Finally, the writer would sincerely like to thank to her beloved mother, Parjinah, SPd and Drs. Syafruddin Mujiyono, MMPd, as her Father, who always give support and possitive advices so the writer is motivated and has strong will to finish this thesis. Without them the

8 writer feels nothing. Moreover, the writer s heartfelt thanks are also addressed to many other people whom she cannot mention one by one in this limited space. Malang, 31 October 2013 The Researcher, Fathonati Kusumaningrum

9 THE VALUES OF HEROISM IN THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING NOVEL BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN ABSTRACT Recent literary critics have come into an agreement that there is still no conventional definition, as well as the function, of literature. It commonly happens that a definition of literature given by one critic will soon be debated, challenged, or even refused by others. An attempt of finding a conclusive definition, limitation, and function of literature seems to be an endless effort in the frame work of humanistic studies. The Lord of the Rings took almost eighteen years of writing process before it was being published during the year and divided into three volumes: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. The Lord of the Rings, actually, is not a trilogy but a unified work.moreover, this thesis analyzes one of J. R. R. Tolkien s novels: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Therefore, the object of the study under the guidelines of two research questions, those are: (1) What values of heroism Frodo Baggins has which make him chosen as the Ring-bearer? (2)What and who influence him so that he has those values of heroism? The reasons in choosing Frodo Baggins as the Ring-bearer for there are some values of heroism Frodo Baggins has which make him capable of taking and destroying the Ring to Mount Doom. These values are pride, dignity, courage, willingness, as well as responsibility. These values of heroism can be taken out from Frodo Baggins for there are influences from his friends and relatives as well as his environment that can affect Frodo s life in his journeys and his way of thinking. In order to analyze more about those reasons, the thesis writer uses the Mythological and Archetypal Approachwhich insists on locating the heroism values shown by the characters within the novel.. By using the theory as well as exploring the reasons behind the choosing of Frodo Baggins as the Ring-bearer, it reveals the heroism values in the story. After analyzing the novel, it is found that Frodo is just a mere Hobbit who is weak and has limitations in strength to fight against the evil and powerful power of the Dark Lord Sauron. Still, there are values of heroism in him, such as willingness, dignity, courage, and responsibility that make him capable in doing the task of destroying the Ring. These values of heroism cannot be existed in Frodo s life unless there are influences from his friends and relatives such as Gandalf, Legolas, Gimli, Aragorn, Boromir, Sam, Merry and Pippin to support him in facing all the obstacles and tries to make them through. Although he has to deal with both ups and downs, Frodo is able to manage his times, desires, and also copes with his environment in order to make the task of destroying the Ring accomplished.

10 Key words: heroism values, The Lord of the Ring, Frodo Baggins. The Advisor 1, The Researcher, SantiPrasetyowati, S.Pd Fathonati Kusumaningrum

11 TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL LEGALIZATION MOTTO AND DEDICATION ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Statement of Problem Purpose of the Research Scope and Limitation Significance of the Study Definition of the Key Terms... 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Literature Kinds of Literature Novel Types of Novel Elements of Novel Literary Fiction... 15

12 2.7Values of Heroism Mythological and Archetypal Approach Lord of the Ring: The Fellowship of the Ring J.R. R. Tolkien CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design Approach Data Source Research Instrument Data Collection Data Analysis CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1. Findings Values of Heroism in Frodo Baggins Responsibility Iron Will Courage Adventurer Spirit Strong Bound of Friendship... 36

13 4.1.2Aspects influencing him so that he has those values of heroism The Hobbit: Bilbo Baggins The Elves The Men Council of Elrond s Representatives: The Fellowship of the Ring The Premonition Discussions CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1. Conclusions Suggestions BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 54 APPENDIX I

14 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abrams, M.H A Glossary of Literary Terms Seventh Edition. Massachusetts: Heinle & Heinle. Armstrong, Andrew. Tolkien: His Works (Online),( accessed on 8 Maret 2012) Arnaldo-Guizar National Geographic: The Lord of the Rings.Dir. Chico. New Line Productions, Inc. Baker,Anton The novel in English&American Literarture. Its nature origin and varius genres. Flores.Arrulden. Bernstein, Andrew.2006.what is literary fiction.(online) ( accessed on: 15 March 2012) Biklen, B Qualitative Research for Education an Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston: Allin and Bacon. Bushman, Melissa Defining Heroism, (Online) ( accessed on: 15 March 2012) Gargett, Graham Heroism and Passion in Literature Studies in honour of Moya Longstaffe. Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi B.V. Guerin, Wilfred L A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. Oxford University Press. Harris, Robert Kinds of novel. A Glossary of Literature Terms, (Online),( virtuasalt. com, accessed on: 15 March 2012) Kennedy, X.J Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston: Little Brown and Company. Koesnosoebroto, S.B The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Directorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan. Long, William J English Literature. Boston, New York, Chicago,

15 London, Atlanta, Dallas, Columbus, San Francisco: Ginn and Company. Marsh, Nicholas How to Begin Studying English Literature, Third edition. New York: Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd) Microsoft Encarta Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved Online Dictionary. (Online) ( accessed on 15 March 2012). Paulson, Ronald Sin and Evil Moral Values in Literature. New Haven & London: Yale University Press Peck, Jhon and Coyle, Martin Literarary Terms And Criticism. Britain: British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Rees, R.J English Literature, An Introduction for Foreign readers. Basingstoke and London: Peninsula Press ltd. Ratna, Nyoman Kutha Theory, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Rogers, Graham JRR Tolkien,(Online), ( accessed on 8 Maret 2012) Rosebury, Brian Tolkien: A Critical Assessment. Great Britain: The Macmillan Press Ltd. The Encyclopedia Americana All rights reserved Tolkien, J.R.R.2001.The Lord of the Rings. Film tie-in ed. Great Britain: HarperCollinsPublishers. Warren Austin and Wellek Rene, Theory of literarture. London: Harcourt Brace Javanovic, Publisher, Sandiego.