BI515 - Population Genetics
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1 BI515 - Population Genetics Fall 2014 Michael Sorenson msoren@bu.edu Office hours (BRB529): M, Th, F 4-5PM or by appt. (send ) My research: Avian behavior, systematics, population genetics, and molecular evolution Behavior, molecular ecology, and systematics of brood parasitic birds and estrildid finches 1!
2 What is population genetics? the theoretical and empirical analysis of genetic variation in populations and the evolutionary processes* responsible for generating and shaping that variation over time ² *mutation, selection, genetic drift, gene flow the foundation for evolutionary biology! Famous (and Less Famous) Quotes Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. ² Theodosius Dobzhansky, 1973 (1964) Nothing in evolution makes sense except in light of population genetics. ² Michael Lynch, !
3 The Modern Synthesis combined Darwinʼ s observations with Mendelian genetics to produce a coherent theory of evolutionary change ² even though methods for directly assaying genetic variation were not yet available! ² seminal papers from 1918 to 1932 R.A. Fisher ( ) ² The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection 1930 Sewall Wright ( ) ² Evolution and the Genetics of Populations (4 vol.) J.B.S. Haldane ( ) ² The Causes of Evolution 1932 After the Modern Synthesis theory developed during the modern synthesis has been extensively tested (and revised) based on molecular genetic data since the 1960ʼ s 1968, 1983: The neutral theory of molecular evolution - Motoo Kimura ( ) 1973: the nearly neutral theory - Tomoko Ohta (1933- ) 3!
4 Three recent revolutions Coalescent theory ² Kingman 1982; Wakeley 2008 Coalescent Theory ² turns population genetics on its head Genomics ² complete genome sequences ² 1977: phage Φ-X174 (5,386 nucleotides) ² 2001: human draft genome (~3 billion nucleotides) ² ?: 1000 genomes project, BGI ² SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) ² 1998: dbsnp; now with > 20,000,000 human SNPs ² high throughput genotyping (rapidly developing ) Computation ² Markov-chain Monte Carlo simulation & Bayesian stats How many parents do you have? Not a trick question! Answer: 2 4!
5 How many grandparents? Answer: 4 How many ancestors? Great-grandparents: 8 (2 3 ) Great-great-grandparents: 16 (2 4 ) Great-great-great-grandparents: 32 (2 5 ) Great^10-grandparents:? Great^20-grandparents:? Great^30-grandparents:? 4,096 4,194,304 4,294,967,296 Is there something wrong with the underlying logic? 5!
6 How many years ago? Great-grandparents: 100 Great-great-grandparents: 130 Great-great-great-grandparents: 160 Great^10-grandparents:? Great^20-grandparents:? Great^30-grandparents:? COLE, Sr. b 1729, PA d 1814, KY Ann HUBBARD b 1730, PA d 1795, KY Judith Abraham POOR Elizabeth Shadrach MIMS GARDENER b c1725, VA Woodson b 1724, 14 d c1791, d 1777, YATES b 1765, PA d 1836, KY COLE, Jr. b 1763, PA d 1839, KY Alice "Alsey" COLE b 1769, PA d 1818, KY Anthony LINDSAY, Jr. b 1767, MD d 1831, KY William Mary HINES Robert POOR b 1763, d 1801, Elizabeth W. MIMS b 1769, m 1787, 8 James COLE b 1804 LINDSAY b 1803, KY d 1851, MO Rev. John M. b 1775, VA d c1827, KY Mary "Polly" POOR b 1790, Co., VA 4 Zerelda Elizabeth COLE b 1825, Woodford Co., KY d 1911, Oklahoma City, OK Rev. Robert Sallee b 1818, Logan Co., KY d 1850, California 2 Jesse Woodson b 1847, Clay Co., MO d 1882, St. Joseph, MO 6!
7 COLE, Sr. b 1729, PA d 1814, KY Ann HUBBARD b 1730, PA d 1795, KY Judith GARDENER Abraham POOR b c1725, VA d c1791, Elizabeth Woodson Shadrach MIMS b 1724, d 1777, YATES b 1765, PA d 1836, KY COLE, Jr. b 1763, PA d 1839, KY Alice "Alsey" COLE b 1769, PA d 1818, KY Anthony LINDSAY, Jr. b 1767, MD d 1831, KY William Mary HINES Robert POOR b 1763, d 1801, Elizabeth W. MIMS b 1769, m 1787, Lucy POOR b 1772, Robert MIMS b 1764, d 1828, Logan Co., KY James COLE b 1804 LINDSAY b 1803, KY d 1851, MO Rev. John M. b 1775, VA d c1827, KY Mary "Polly" POOR b 1790, John Wilson MIMMS b c1808, d 1870, Kansas City, MO Zerelda Elizabeth COLE b 1825, Woodford Co., KY d 1911, Oklahoma City, OK Rev. Robert Sallee b 1818, Logan Co., KY d 1850, California Mary b 1809, d 1877, Kansas City, MO Jesse Woodson b 1847, Clay Co., MO d 1882, St. Joseph, MO Zerelda Amanda "Zee" MIMMS b 1845, Logan Co., KY d 1900, Kansas City, MO Jesse Edward b 1875 Nashville, TN d 1951 Los Angeles, CA COLE, Sr. b 1729, PA d 1814, KY Ann HUBBARD b 1730, PA d 1795, KY Robert WOODSON d 1750, Rebecca PRYOR d 1755, David MIMS b 1700, VA d 1780s, Agnes WELDY d 1777, Judith GARDENER Abraham POOR b c1725, VA d c1791, Elizabeth Woodson Shadrach MIMS b 1724, d 1777, YATES b 1765, PA d 1836, KY COLE, Jr. b 1763, PA d 1839, KY Alice "Alsey" COLE b 1769, PA d 1818, KY Anthony LINDSAY, Jr. b 1767, MD d 1831, KY William Mary HINES Robert POOR b 1763, d 1801, Elizabeth W. MIMS b 1769, m 1787, Lucy POOR b 1772, Robert MIMS b 1764, d 1828, Logan Co., KY James COLE b 1804 LINDSAY b 1803, KY d 1851, MO Rev. John M. b 1775, VA d c1827, KY Mary "Polly" POOR b 1790, John Wilson MIMMS b c1808, d 1870, Kansas City, MO Zerelda Elizabeth COLE b 1825, Woodford Co., KY d 1911, Oklahoma City, OK Rev. Robert Sallee b 1818, Logan Co., KY d 1850, California Mary b 1809, d 1877, Kansas City, MO Jesse Woodson b 1847, Clay Co., MO d 1882, St. Joseph, MO Zerelda Amanda "Zee" MIMMS b 1845, Logan Co., KY d 1900, Kansas City, MO Jesse Edward b 1875 Nashville, TN d 1951 Los Angeles, CA 7!
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