Eclipse Radio Science at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
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1 Eclipse Radio Science at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Ghee Fry, WL7C Jesse McTernan, KN4EZR Linda Rawlins NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL NJIT, Newark NJ 1
2 The MSFC Eclipse Radio Science Team Team: Ghee Fry/WL7C Linda Rawlins Jesse McTernan/KN4EZR Rob Suggs/KB5EZ, Linda Krause/K0DRK Dennis Gallagher Mitzi Adams Tools: - Ham Shack Rigs, Computers and Antennas - Reverse Beacon Network - Weak Signal Propagation Reporter Network - Amateur Radio Community Heliophysics/Space Weather Retired NASA/Citizen Scientist Heliophysics/Electrical Engineering Space Environments/Meteoroids Heliophysics/Ionosphere/Space Weather Heliophysics/Magnetospheres/Plasmaspheres Heliophysics/Public Outreach 2
3 Ionospheric Radio Wave Propagation Engaging students and citizen scientists Propagation (radio wave path) Lower frequencies (yellow), Higher (red) frequencies Different take-off angles 3
4 Eclipse Effects on Signal Path Normal Summer Day: (ignoring a lot of electrodynamic processes, and no E-Region) D-Region absorbs 80M signals; 40M signals absorbed or signal strength decreases Eclipse Day: Solar EUV, X-rays decrease into eclipse; recovers out of eclipse D-Region ionization reduced; ion-neutral recombination decreases electron density Radio wave absorption decreases; 80M signals pass through D-Region Erosion of lower F-Region raises reflection height Over-the-Horizon (OTH) signal paths lengthen; propagation range increases Process reverses coming out of maximum eclipse Left: Typical daytime signal paths. Right: Signal paths during eclipse. 40M path 80M
5 Station Locations WL7C, Northern TN K0DRK, Southern KY K0DRK NN4SA, Northern AL WL7C NN4SA / Google Map Data 2018 Terms of Use WL7C and K0DRK near Greatest Eclipse; NN4SA Northern Alabama 5
6 WL7C Reverse Beacon Network Receiver/Skimmer APSU Farm, Clarksville, TN (36.65N, 87.34W), Grid Square: EM66hn South of eclipse centerline RBN Skimmer in Cow Barn 6
7 Eclipse Details at APSU Farm Site / Google Map Data 2018 Terms of Use 7
8 WL7C Reverse Beacon Network Skimmer APSU Farm, Grid Square: EM66hn 8
9 Setting up WL7C at APSU 9
10 WL7C RBN Site and Antenna 82-foot DXE Alpha Delta fan dipole antenna for 80M, 40M, 20M, 10M 10
11 K0DRK Reverse Beacon Network Transmitter North of eclipse centerline K0DRK Reverse Beacon Network Transmitter North of Hopkinsville, KY (37.04N, 87.30W) Near eclipse centerline; Grid Square: EM67ia 80 watts feeding 10-80M Alpha Antenna 11
12 WL7C 40M Propagation Paths August 21, 2017: Day of Eclipse Propagation paths of stations received by WL7C August 21, 2017 between UT. WL7C is at the apparent radiant point. 12
13 WL7C Spots: GCD Distance vs Longitude Size/darkness of spots means higher signal strength 13
14 WL7C 40M (7.0 MHz): Contact Distance vs. Time Day of Eclipse, August 21, 9:00-15:00 CDT Colored lines represent spots from same station 14
15 WL7C Spots GCD Distance vs time Day of Eclipse, August 21, 9:00-15:00 CDT North South Colored lines represent spots from same station 15
16 NN4SA Weak Signal Propagation Reporter Transmitters Marshall Amateur Radio Club (MARC) Station NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, AL (34.64N, 86.68W), Grid Square: EM64qp Partial eclipse (96.5% obscuration) 5 watt transmitters on 80M and 40M 16
17 Weak Signal Propagation Reporter Map Courtesy Robb Suggs, KB5EZ NN4SA WSPR Propagation Paths 80M band (3.5 MHz) Red pins represent stations receiving NN4SA NN4SA at radiant in North Alabama wsprnet.org / Google Map Data 2017 Terms of Use 17
18 80M (3.5 MHz) Signal to Noise Ratio vs Time Courtesy Robb Suggs, KB5EZ NN4SA to AG0G Propagation Eclipse Day Next Day 18
19 NN4SA WSPR 40M Transmitter Reception Figure courtesy Robb Suggs, KB5EZ Rob Suggs - 40M HF Propagation and Eclipse 2017.jpg Rob Suggs - 80M HF Propagation and Eclipse 2017.jpg MSFC, Huntsville, AL (34.64N, 86.68W) Reports of SNR on 40M by six WSPR stations showed enhancements of signals during the eclipse (red lines), but not on the day after (green lines). Figures indicates the range and azimuth from the NN4SA transmitter. 19
20 NN4SA WSPR 80M Transmitter Reception Figure courtesy Robb Suggs, KB5EZ MSFC, Huntsville, AL (34.64N, 86.68W) Reports of SNR on 80M by six WSPR stations showed enhancements of signals during the eclipse (red lines), but not on the day after (green lines). Figures indicates the range and azimuth from the NN4SA transmitter. 20
21 Why Didn t WL7C Hear K0DRK? On the day of the eclipse, why didn t WL7C hear K0DRK on 40M just 30 miles (53 km) away? Line of Sight? Terrain and Distance over the horizon Ground Wave? Distance, soil conductivity Near Vertical Ionospheric Skywave (NVIS)? fof2, was near 4.0 MHz +/- 0.5 MHz, hmf2, height of F2 layer peak, ranging km. PIM says no 21
22 Parameterized Ionospheric Model (PIM) 40M Mid-Latitude Ray Traces 7.0 MHz radio wave ray paths at different elevation (take-off) angles (E) F = Frequency E = elevation angle No NVIS? Multi-Hop Low angle long Path fof MHz, hmf km. 22
23 Conclusions and Lessons Learned Conclusions 2017 total solar eclipse demonstrated that HF radio science can be done: On a shoestring budget By professional, citizen scientists, students and the amateur radio community Using grass roots crowd-sourced propagation spot aggregators (e.g., RBN, WSPR) Lessons Learned Data quality can be impacted by the social nature of crowd-sourced observations: accuracy of location, timing, consistency Do the site survey BEFORE the eclipse! Radio Science is FUN! 23
24 Next Steps Improving ionospheric radio science capabilities: Install RBN CW Skimmer and WSPR receivers at MSFC/NSSTC Upgrade SDR hardware, software, site location* Continue to engage Hams, students and citizen scientists Preparing for the next Big Eclipse opportunity Chile, 2019 (?) Mexico/USA 2024 NASA/MSFC Postdoc Jesse McTernan/KN4EZR s Talk for details Thanks to ARRL, Virginia Tech and academic community, HamSCI, the Solar Eclipse QSO Party participants and especially the curators and volunteers of RBN and WSPRnet and other spot aggregator sites 24
25 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center NASA On The Air Apollo 17 45th anniversary December 2017, beginning of event NASA founded 60th anniversary (act signed by President Eisenhower) 29 July 1958 ISS First Element Launch 20th anniversary 20 November 1998 ISS Node 1 Launch 20th anniversary 4 December th anniversary of Apollo 8 launch 21 December 1968 Apollo 8 splashdown 27 December 1968, end of event QSL Card and Certificate 25
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