Introduction To The Ionosphere
|
|
- Job Potter
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction To The Ionosphere John Bosco Habarulema Radar School September 2015, SANSA,
2 What is a radar? This being a radar school... RAdio Detection And Ranging To determine the range, R, R=Ct/2, C is the speed of light, and the factor of 2? We will come back to this later, Next Introduction to the ionosphere
3 Definitions thick shell of free electrons within the Earth s upper atmosphere
4 Definitions that region of the Earth s upper atmosphere covering an altitude range from ~ 50 to ~ 1000 km
5 Definitions a lightly ionized plasma. a propagation medium for HF communications
6 Atmospheric Structure Vertical structure based on temperature variation with altitude 5 layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere
7 Ionosphere sits between Mesosphere and exosphere Region between ~ 50 km to ~1000 km
8 Source of the ionosphere Ionised plasma created by EUV radiation and high energy solar particles
9 Sun Production of electrons Stripping of electrons from neutral atoms by EUV + A A + + e -
10 Loss of electrons recombination Dissociative + + A 2 + X + AX + + A + + AX + + e - A + X
11 Radiative recombination Direct combination of electrons with positively charged ions to form neutral atoms and also leads to photon emission + X + + e - X +Photon(Energy)
12 Summary of production and loss mechanisms Production of electrons: Photoionisation Loss of electrons: Recombination ( both dissociative and radiative processes) In the lower regions such as the D-region, attachment is the main process of losing electrons (electrons attach themselves to neutral atoms to form negatively charged ions) Attachment and recombination always take place within the ionosphere and are negative contributors to ionisation
13 Complex Ionospheric Structure Maximum density at some altitude Neutral atmosphere gets less dense Absorption by neutral atoms EUV weaker
14 Ionospheric formation summary
15 Ionospheric Structure Daytime structure has 4 regions: D region, km E region, km F1 region, km F2 region over 200 km Night time structure has 2 regions: E region F region
16 How were the layers labelled? Edward Appleton Nobel Prize, Physics, 1947 Asked how he came up with the labelling of the ionospheric layers, he gave the following answer The story of how I came to give the names D, E and F is really a simple one. In the early work with broadcasting wavelength, I obtained reflections from the Kennelly-Heaviside layer and I used on my diagrams the letter E for the electric vector of the down coming wave. When I found in winter 1925 that I could get reflections from a higher and completely different layer, I used the latter F for the electric vector of the down coming wave. Then about the same time I got occasionally reflections from a very low height and so naturally used the letter D for the electric vector of the returning waves. Then I suddenly realized that I must name these discrete layers and being rather fearful of assuming any finality about measurements, I felt I ought not to call these layers A, B and C, since there might be undiscovered layers, both below and above them. I therefore felt that the original designation for the electric field vector D, E and F might be used for the layers themselves. Worked with Robert Wattson-Watt on technology that led to the invention of RADAR
17 Dominant Ions Region Height [km] Ne max [cm -3 ] ion D x 10 4 (noon) absent at night NO + E x 10 5 (noon) < 1 x 10 4 (night) F x 10 5 (noon) absent at night F (noon) 10 5 (midnight) O 2 + NO + NO + O +
18 Ionospheric structure summary
19 Regions - Instruments Topside Ionosphere Satellites Bottomside Ionosphere Ionosondes, ISR Lower Ionosphere Rockets, Balloons
20 The ionosphere is variable (highly non-linear and changing medium) Not shown: Seasonal variation (1yr) Latitude dependence Diurnal variation (24 hrs) Solar activity variation (11 yrs) Magnetic activity variation
21 Latitudinal Variation Ionosphere has distinct features at some latitudes At lower latitudes, high electron concentration at approx ±20 off the magnetic equator Due to fountain effect High latitudes, ionosphere very complex because of its connection to the magnetosphere and interplanetary medium, through Earth s magnetic field
22 Diurnal Variation Electron density/frequencies great during the day than at night time F1 layer disappears at night, while F2 remain E region usually much weaker and may disappear Diurnal variation due to Sun movement across the sky
23 Seasonal Variation 14 Solar Maximum (2000) fof2, [MHz] Solar Minimum (1996) Seasonal variation associated with the revolution of the Earth around Sun Ionisation greater in summer than winter in E, F1 region but not F2 region seasonal anomaly Day Number
24 Solar Cycle Variation Solar Variation linked to 11-year solar activity, measured using sunspot numbers During high solar activity, ionisation great because solar radiation intensity is high thus enhancing electron concentration in ionosphere Solar disturbances (e.g. solar flares, CMEs) more frequent geomagnetic storms more frequent disturbances in the ionosphere more frequent
25 Magnetic Activity Variation -ve storm effect +ve storm effects
26 Summary The ionosphere is a highly complex medium Different layers (D, E, F1, F2) with different compositions and properties Can be measured by different techniques/instruments such as... Highly variable: Solar activity, magnetic activity, diurnal and seasonal variations Among the reasons we study the ionosphere are High Frequency (HF) (3-30 MHz) Radio propagation (Next Talk) Monitoring Space Weather (Next Talk) Radio Astronomy (SKA) Error correction for GPS applications, Navigation, Surveying, Geodesy Scientific Research
27 References Davies K., Ionospheric radio, Peter Peregrinus Ltd, 1990 McNamara L.F., The ionosphere: communications, surveillance, and direction finding, Krieger Publishing Company, Hofmann-Wellenhof., Lichtenegger, H., Collins, J.: GPS Theory and Practice (4th ed), Introduction to HF Radio Propagation, Australian Government IPS Radio and Space Services,
28 Thank You
Plasma in the ionosphere Ionization and Recombination
Plasma in the ionosphere Ionization and Recombination Jamil Muhammad Supervisor: Professor kjell Rönnmark 1 Contents: 1. Introduction 3 1.1 History.3 1.2 What is the ionosphere?...4 2. Ionization and recombination.5
More informationESS 7 Lectures 15 and 16 November 3 and 5, The Atmosphere and Ionosphere
ESS 7 Lectures 15 and 16 November 3 and 5, 2008 The Atmosphere and Ionosphere The Earth s Atmosphere The Earth s upper atmosphere is important for groundbased and satellite radio communication and navigation.
More informationThe Earth s Atmosphere
ESS 7 Lectures 15 and 16 May 5 and 7, 2010 The Atmosphere and Ionosphere The Earth s Atmosphere The Earth s upper atmosphere is important for groundbased and satellite radio communication and navigation.
More informationStorms in Earth s ionosphere
Storms in Earth s ionosphere Archana Bhattacharyya Indian Institute of Geomagnetism IISF 2017, WSE Conclave; Anna University, Chennai Earth s Ionosphere Ionosphere is the region of the atmosphere in which
More informationReading 28 PROPAGATION THE IONOSPHERE
Reading 28 Ron Bertrand VK2DQ http://www.radioelectronicschool.com PROPAGATION THE IONOSPHERE The ionosphere is a region of the upper atmosphere extending from a height of about 60 km to greater than 500
More informationChapter 7 HF Propagation. Ionosphere Solar Effects Scatter and NVIS
Chapter 7 HF Propagation Ionosphere Solar Effects Scatter and NVIS Ionosphere and Layers Radio Waves Bent by the Ionosphere Daily variation of Ionosphere Layers Ionospheric Reflection Conduction by electrons
More informationPoS(2nd MCCT -SKADS)003
The Earth's ionosphere: structure and composition. Dispersive effects, absorption and emission in EM wave propagation 1 Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Calle Alfonso XII, 3; E-28014 Madrid, Spain E-mail:
More informationEarthquake Analysis over the Equatorial
Earthquake Analysis over the Equatorial Region by Using the Critical Frequency Data and Geomagnetic Index Earthquake Analysis over the Equatorial Region by Using the Critical Frequency Data and Geomagnetic
More informationChapter 6 Propagation
Chapter 6 Propagation Al Penney VO1NO Objectives To become familiar with: Classification of waves wrt propagation; Factors that affect radio wave propagation; and Propagation characteristics of Amateur
More informationTerrestrial Ionospheres
Terrestrial Ionospheres I" Stan Solomon" High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado stans@ucar.edu Heliophysics Summer School National Center for Atmospheric Research
More informationAnalysis of Ionospheric Anomalies due to Space Weather Conditions by using GPS-TEC Variations
Presented at the FIG Congress 2018, May 6-11, 2018 in Istanbul, Turkey Analysis of Ionospheric Anomalies due to Space Weather Conditions by using GPS-TEC Variations Asst. Prof. Dr. Mustafa ULUKAVAK 1,
More information4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Radio Wave Propagation. Radio Wave Propagation. Radio Wave Propagation.
General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G3 3 Exam Questions, 3 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 Operating Procedures G3 G4 Amateur Radio
More informationTerry G. Glagowski W1TR / AFA1DI
The Ionogram and Radio Propagation By Terry G. Glagowski / W1TR / AFA1DI - 9/29/2017 9:46 AM Excerpts from a presentation by Tom Carrigan / NE1R / AFA1ID by Terry G. Glagowski W1TR / AFA1DI Knowledge of
More informationSpace Weather and the Ionosphere
Dynamic Positioning Conference October 17-18, 2000 Sensors Space Weather and the Ionosphere Grant Marshall Trimble Navigation, Inc. Note: Use the Page Down key to view this presentation correctly Space
More informationIonospheric Propagation
Ionospheric Nick Massey VA7NRM 1 Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio Waves are a form of Electromagnetic Radiation Visible Light is also a form of Electromagnetic Radiation Radio Waves behave a lot like light
More informationA Neural Network tool for the interpolation of fof2 data in the presence of sporadic E layer
A Neural Network tool for the interpolation of fof data in the presence of sporadic E layer Haris Haralambous, Antonis Ioannou and Harris Papadopoulos Computer Science and Engineering Department, Frederick
More informationGEOMAGNETISM AND ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS
GEOMAGNETISM AND ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS Praveen B. Gawali Earth is divided into different layers. Likewise, atmosphere too has many layers. The invention of mercury barometer led to the discovery of finite
More informationPlasma in the Ionosphere Ionization and Recombination
Plasma in the Ionosphere Ionization and Recombination Agabi E Oshiorenoya July, 2004 Space Physics 5P Umeå Universitet Department of Physics Umeå, Sweden Contents 1 Introduction 6 2 Ionization and Recombination
More informationHigh Frequency Propagation (and a little about NVIS)
High Frequency Propagation (and a little about NVIS) Tom McDermott, N5EG August 18, 2010 September 2, 2010 Updated: February 7, 2013 The problem Radio waves, like light waves, travel in ~straight lines.
More informationGeneral Classs Chapter 7
General Classs Chapter 7 Radio Wave Propagation Bob KA9BHD Eric K9VIC Learning Objectives Teach you enough to get all the propagation questions right during the VE Session Learn a few things from you about
More informationSpace Weather and Propagation JANUARY 14, 2017
Space Weather and Propagation MARTIN BUEHRING -KB4MG ELEC T R ICAL ENGINEER, A M AT EUR EXTRA CLASS LICENSE HOLDER JANUARY 14, 2017 Why know about Space Weather? Our SUN has an enormous affect not only
More informationTHE IONOSPHERE AND RADIO PROPAGATION
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 ISSN 0976 6464(Print)
More informationMonitoring the polar cap/ auroral ionosphere: Industrial applications. P. T. Jayachandran Physics Department University of New Brunswick Fredericton
Monitoring the polar cap/ auroral ionosphere: Industrial applications P. T. Jayachandran Physics Department University of New Brunswick Fredericton Outline Ionosphere and its effects on modern and old
More informationWhat is Space Weather? THE ACTIVE SUN
Aardvark Roost AOC Space Weather in Southern Africa Hannes Coetzee 1 What is Space Weather? THE ACTIVE SUN 2 The Violant Sun 3 What is Space Weather? Solar eruptive events (solar flares, coronal Mass Space
More informationPolarization orientation of the electric field vector with respect to the earth s surface (ground).
Free space propagation of electromagnetic waves is often called radio-frequency (rf) propagation or simply radio propagation. The earth s atmosphere, as medium introduces losses and impairments to the
More informationimaging of the ionosphere and its applications to radio propagation Fundamentals of tomographic Ionospheric Tomography I: Ionospheric Tomography I:
Ionospheric Tomography I: Ionospheric Tomography I: Fundamentals of tomographic imaging of the ionosphere and its applications to radio propagation Summary Introduction to tomography Introduction to tomography
More informationIonospheric sounding at the RMI Geophysical Centre in Dourbes: digital ionosonde performance and ionospheric monitoring service applications
Solar Terrestrial Centre of Excellence Ionospheric sounding at the RMI Geophysical Centre in Dourbes: digital ionosonde performance and ionospheric monitoring service applications S. Stankov, T. Verhulst,
More informationand Atmosphere Model:
1st VarSITI General Symposium, Albena, Bulgaria, 2016 Canadian Ionosphere and Atmosphere Model: model status and applications Victor I. Fomichev 1, O. V. Martynenko 1, G. G. Shepherd 1, W. E. Ward 2, K.
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The dependence of society to technology increased in recent years as the technology has enhanced. increased. Moreover, in addition to technology, the dependence of society to nature
More informationOBJECTIVES: PROPAGATION INTRO RADIO WAVES POLARIZATION LINE OF SIGHT, GROUND WAVE, SKY WAVE IONOSPHERE REGIONS PROPAGATION, HOPS, SKIPS ZONES THE
WAVE PROPAGATION OBJECTIVES: PROPAGATION INTRO RADIO WAVES POLARIZATION LINE OF SIGHT, GROUND WAVE, SKY WAVE IONOSPHERE REGIONS PROPAGATION, HOPS, SKIPS ZONES THE IONOSPHERIC LAYERS ABSORPTION AND FADING
More informationMonitoring Solar flares by Radio Astronomy
Monitoring Solar flares by Radio Astronomy Presented at the RASC Sunshine Coast Centre, February 8th, 2013, 7:30 pm Mike Bradley, RASC Sunshine Coast Centre Solar flares Solar flares occur when sunspots
More informationRadio Astronomy and the Ionosphere
Radio Astronomy and the Ionosphere John A Kennewell, Mike Terkildsen CAASTRO EoR Global Signal Workshop November 2012 THE IONOSPHERE UPPER ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA - The ionosphere is a weak (1%) variable plasma
More informationThe Effect of Geomagnetic Storm in the Ionosphere using N-h Profiles.
The Effect of Geomagnetic Storm in the Ionosphere using N-h Profiles. J.C. Morka * ; D.N. Nwachuku; and D.A. Ogwu. Physics Department, College of Education, Agbor, Nigeria E-mail: johnmorka84@gmail.com
More informationIonospheric Impacts on UHF Space Surveillance. James C. Jones Darvy Ceron-Gomez Dr. Gregory P. Richards Northrop Grumman
Ionospheric Impacts on UHF Space Surveillance James C. Jones Darvy Ceron-Gomez Dr. Gregory P. Richards Northrop Grumman CONFERENCE PAPER Earth s atmosphere contains regions of ionized plasma caused by
More informationRADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
CHAPTER 2 RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION Radio direction finding (RDF) deals with the direction of arrival of radio waves. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the basic principles involved in the propagation
More informationIf maximum electron density in a layer is less than n', the wave will penetrate the layer
UNIT-7 1. Briefly the describe the terms related to the sky wave propagation: virtual heights, critical frequency, maximum usable frequency, skip distance and fading? Ans: Sky wave propagation: It is also
More informationComparing the Low-- and Mid Latitude Ionosphere and Electrodynamics of TIE-GCM and the Coupled GIP TIE-GCM
Comparing the Low-- and Mid Latitude Ionosphere and Electrodynamics of TIE-GCM and the Coupled GIP TIE-GCM Clarah Lelei Bryn Mawr College Mentors: Dr. Astrid Maute, Dr. Art Richmond and Dr. George Millward
More informationLesson 12: Signal Propagation
Lesson 12: Signal Propagation Preparation for Amateur Radio Technician Class Exam Topics HF Propagation Ground-wave Sky-wave Ionospheric regions VHF/UHF Propagation Line-of-sight Tropospheric Bending and
More informationThe Ionosphere and Thermosphere: a Geospace Perspective
The Ionosphere and Thermosphere: a Geospace Perspective John Foster, MIT Haystack Observatory CEDAR Student Workshop June 24, 2018 North America Introduction My Geospace Background (Who is the Lecturer?
More informationIRI-Plas Optimization Based Ionospheric Tomography
IRI-Plas Optimization Based Ionospheric Tomography Onur Cilibas onurcilibas@gmail.com.tr Umut Sezen usezen@hacettepe.edu.tr Feza Arikan arikan@hacettepe.edu.tr Tamara Gulyaeva IZMIRAN 142190 Troitsk Moscow
More informationStudy of small scale plasma irregularities. Đorđe Stevanović
Study of small scale plasma irregularities in the ionosphere Đorđe Stevanović Overview 1. Global Navigation Satellite Systems 2. Space weather 3. Ionosphere and its effects 4. Case study a. Instruments
More information14. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
14. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SYNOPSIS : INTRODUCTION 1. The exchange of information between a sender and receiver is called communication. 2. The arrangement of devices to transfere the information is called
More informationHigh-frequency radio wave absorption in the D- region
Utah State University From the SelectedWorks of David Smith Spring 2017 High-frequency radio wave absorption in the D- region David Alan Smith, Utah State University This work is licensed under a Creative
More informationThe Role of Ground-Based Observations in M-I I Coupling Research. John Foster MIT Haystack Observatory
The Role of Ground-Based Observations in M-I I Coupling Research John Foster MIT Haystack Observatory CEDAR/GEM Student Workshop Outline Some Definitions: Magnetosphere, etc. Space Weather Ionospheric
More informationIonospheric Sounders What are they? How can you use them?
Ionospheric Sounders What are they? How can you use them? History of the ionosphere Jan. 1901 Marconi sends signals from Isle of Wight to The Lizard, Cornwall Dec. 1901 Marconi crosses Atlantic, from Poldhu
More informationSpatial and Temporal Variations of GPS-Derived TEC over Malaysia from 2003 to 2009
Spatial and Temporal Variations of GPS-Derived TEC over Malaysia from 2003 to 2009 Leong, S. K., Musa, T. A. & Abdullah, K. A. UTM-GNSS & Geodynamics Research Group, Infocomm Research Alliance, Faculty
More informationAGF-216. The Earth s Ionosphere & Radars on Svalbard
AGF-216 The Earth s Ionosphere & Radars on Svalbard Katie Herlingshaw 07/02/2018 1 Overview Radar basics what, how, where, why? How do we use radars on Svalbard? What is EISCAT and what does it measure?
More informationScientific Studies of the High-Latitude Ionosphere with the Ionosphere Dynamics and ElectroDynamics - Data Assimilation (IDED-DA) Model
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Scientific Studies of the High-Latitude Ionosphere with the Ionosphere Dynamics and ElectroDynamics - Data Assimilation
More informationIntroduction to HF Propagation. Rick Fletcher, W7YP FVARC November 20, 2018
Introduction to HF Propagation Rick Fletcher, W7YP FVARC November 20, 2018 Topics The HF Bands How HF propagation works Overview by HF band Sources of solar and propagation information Working HF during
More informationExamination of Three Empirical Atmospheric Models
Examination of Three Empirical Atmospheric Models A Presentation Given to The Department of Physics Utah State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy
More informationIONOSPHERE EFFECTS ON GPS/RF COMMUNICATION, ELECTRIC, METAL NETWORKS AND SPACECRAFTS OSMAN AKGÜN
IONOSPHERE EFFECTS ON GPS/RF COMMUNICATION, ELECTRIC, METAL NETWORKS AND SPACECRAFTS 2119212 OSMAN AKGÜN IONOSPHERE IONOSPHERE EFFECTS POSSIBLE EFFECTS GPS errors Atomic oxygen attack Spacecraft charging
More informationRay Tracing Analysis for the mid-latitude SuperDARN HF radar at Blackstone incorporating the IRI-2007 model
Ray Tracing Analysis for the mid-latitude SuperDARN HF radar at Blackstone incorporating the IRI-2007 model Nitya Ravindran Varrier Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute
More informationRadiation and Particles from the. Sun
2017 Radiation and Particles from the Photons Sun Photons (300000km/s ~ 8m 20s) radio waves, infra red, visible light, ultra violet, x-ray, x galactic waves, Solar Flux (30000km/s ~ 8m 20s) The 10.7 cm
More informationEarth s Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere
Chapter 16 Earth s Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere Discussion of the ionosphere requires a basic knowledge of the upper atmosphere. The reason is that the ionosphere is the partially ionized plasma region
More informationGlobal Maps with Contoured Ionosphere Properties Some F-Layer Anomalies Revealed By Marcel H. De Canck, ON5AU. E Layer Critical Frequencies Maps
Global Maps with Contoured Ionosphere Properties Some F-Layer Anomalies Revealed By Marcel H. De Canck, ON5AU In this column, I shall handle some possibilities given by PROPLAB-PRO to have information
More information3-4-3 Long-term Data Analysis of Ionosphere over Syowa Station, Antarctica
3-4-3 Long-term Data Analysis of Ionosphere over Syowa Station, Antarctica The Earth s ionosphere is a partially ionized gas (electrons and ions) that forms several regions between the atmosphere and space
More informationThe Significance of GNSS for Radio Science
Space Weather Effects on the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) The Significance of GNSS for Radio Science Patricia H. Doherty Vice Chair, Commission G International Union of Radio Science www.ursi.org
More informationHow GNSS and Beacon receivers can be used to monitor auroral ionosphere and space weather?
How GNSS and Beacon receivers can be used to monitor auroral ionosphere and space weather? Kirsti Kauristie, Finnish Meteorological Institute Special Thanks: J. Norberg (FMI), A. Aikio and T. Nygren (University
More informationSw earth Dw Direct wave GRw Ground reflected wave Sw Surface wave
WAVE PROPAGATION By Marcel H. De Canck, ON5AU Electromagnetic radio waves can propagate in three different ways between the transmitter and the receiver. 1- Ground waves 2- Troposphere waves 3- Sky waves
More informationMaximum Usable Frequency
Maximum Usable Frequency 15 Frequency (MHz) 10 5 0 Maximum Usable Frequency Usable Frequency Window Lowest Usable Frequency Solar Flare 6 12 18 24 Time (Hours) Radio Blackout Usable Frequency Window Ken
More informationOn the Importance of Radio Occultation data for Ionosphere Modeling
On the Importance of Radio Occultation data for Ionosphere Modeling IROWG Workshop, Estes Park, March 30, 2012 ABSTRACT The availability of unprecedented amounts of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
More informationIonosphere and Radio Communication
Ionosphere and Radio Communication Saradi Bora The Earth s ionosphere consists of plasma produced by the photoionization of thin upper atmospheric gases by UV rays and photons of short wavelength from
More informationDYNAMIC POSITIONING CONFERENCE October 17 18, 2000 SENSORS. Space Weather and the Ionosphere. Grant Marshall Trimble Navigation Inc.
DYNAMIC POSIIONING CONFERENCE October 17 18, 2000 SENSORS Space Weather and the Ionosphere Grant Marshall rimble Navigation Inc. Images shown here are part of an animated presentation and may not appear
More informationIonosphere- Thermosphere
Ionosphere- Thermosphere Jan J Sojka Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 PART I: Local I/T processes (relevance for Homework Assignments) PART II: Terrestrial
More informationA Study of the Effects of Sunrise and Sunset on the Ionosphere as Observed by VLF Wave Behavior
A Study of the Effects of Sunrise and Sunset on the Ionosphere as Observed by VLF Wave Behavior By Leandra Merola South Side High School Rockville Centre, New York Abstract The purpose of this study was
More informationNVIS PROPAGATION THEORY AND PRACTICE
NVIS PROPAGATION THEORY AND PRACTICE Introduction Near-Vertical Incident Skywave (NVIS) propagation is a mode of HF operation that utilizes a high angle reflection off the ionosphere to fill in the gap
More informationEffects of magnetic storms on GPS signals
Effects of magnetic storms on GPS signals Andreja Sušnik Supervisor: doc.dr. Biagio Forte Outline 1. Background - GPS system - Ionosphere 2. Ionospheric Scintillations 3. Experimental data 4. Conclusions
More informationanalysis of GPS total electron content Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) storm response 2016 NEROC Symposium M. Ruohoniemi (3)
Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of GPS total electron content storm response E. G. Thomas (1), A. J. Coster (2), S.-R. Zhang (2), R. M. McGranaghan (1), S. G. Shepherd (1), J. B. H. Baker
More informationThe Ionosphere and its Impact on Communications and Navigation. Tim Fuller-Rowell NOAA Space Environment Center and CIRES, University of Colorado
The Ionosphere and its Impact on Communications and Navigation Tim Fuller-Rowell NOAA Space Environment Center and CIRES, University of Colorado Customers for Ionospheric Information High Frequency (HF)
More informationDaytime modelling of VLF radio waves over land and sea, comparison with data from DEMETER Satellite
Daytime modelling of VLF radio waves over land and sea, comparison with data from DEMETER Satellite S. G. Meyer 1,2, A. B. Collier 1,2, C. J. Rodger 3 1 SANSA Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa 2 School
More informationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ionosphere From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The ionosphere is the uppermost part of the atmosphere, distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important part in atmospheric
More informationAssimilation Ionosphere Model
Assimilation Ionosphere Model Robert W. Schunk Space Environment Corporation 221 North Spring Creek Parkway, Suite A Providence, UT 84332 phone: (435) 752-6567 fax: (435) 752-6687 email: schunk@spacenv.com
More informationHANDBOOK THE IONOSPHERE AND ITS EFFECTS ON RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION. A guide with background to ITU-R procedures for radio planners and users
HANDBOOK THE IONOSPHERE AND ITS EFFECTS ON RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION A guide with background to ITU-R procedures for radio planners and users - iii - CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1 RELATIONSHIP
More informationIonospheric Effects on Aviation
Ionospheric Effects on Aviation Recent experience in the observation and research of ionospheric irregularities, gradient anomalies, depletion walls, etc. in USA and Europe Stan Stankov, René Warnant,
More informationPlasma effects on transionospheric propagation of radio waves II
Plasma effects on transionospheric propagation of radio waves II R. Leitinger General remarks Reminder on (transionospheric) wave propagation Reminder of propagation effects GPS as a data source Some electron
More informationA FEASIBILITY STUDY INTO THE POSSIBILITY OF IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF LOW VHF (30 ~ 35 MHZ) SIGNALS BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA AND CENTRAL AFRICA
A FEASIBILITY STUDY INTO THE POSSIBILITY OF IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF LOW VHF (30 ~ 35 MHZ) SIGNALS BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA AND CENTRAL AFRICA A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the
More informationEFFECT OF IONOSPHERIC INDUCED DEPOLARIZA- TION ON SATELLITE SOLAR POWER STATION
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 9, 39 47, 29 EFFECT OF IONOSPHERIC INDUCED DEPOLARIZA- TION ON SATELLITE SOLAR POWER STATION K. Chaudhary and B. R. Vishvakarma Electronics Engineering
More information1. Terrestrial propagation
Rec. ITU-R P.844-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.844-1 * IONOSPHERIC FACTORS AFFECTING FREQUENCY SHARING IN THE VHF AND UHF BANDS (30 MHz-3 GHz) (Question ITU-R 218/3) (1992-1994) Rec. ITU-R PI.844-1 The ITU
More informationIonospheric Propagation
Ionospheric Propagation Page 1 Ionospheric Propagation The ionosphere exists between about 90 and 1000 km above the earth s surface. Radiation from the sun ionizes atoms and molecules here, liberating
More informationOn the response of the equatorial and low latitude ionospheric regions in the Indian sector to the large magnetic disturbance of 29 October 2003
Ann. Geophys., 27, 2539 2544, 2009 Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Annales Geophysicae On the response of the equatorial and low latitude ionospheric
More informationStudy of the ionosphere of Mars: application and limitations of the Chapman-layer model
Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VI, Proceedings of the IX Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society held on September 13-17, 2010, in Madrid, Spain. M. R. Zapatero Osorio et al. (eds.)
More informationRadio Frequency Propagation: A General Overview from LF to VHF.
Radio Frequency Propagation: A General Overview from LF to VHF. Presented by: Mike Parkin GØJMI Slide 1 Introduction Mike Parkin: First licensed as G8NDJ in 1977. Became GØJMI in 1988. Interests in Radio
More informationHow the ionosphere of Mars works
How the ionosphere of Mars works This hazy region contains the atmosphere and ionosphere of Mars Paul Withers Boston University (withers@bu.edu) Department Lecture Series, EAPS, MIT Wednesday 2012.02.08
More informationTRANSEQUATORIAL RADIO PROPAGATION
TRANSEQUATORIAL RADIO PROPAGATION 1 Introduction Most ionospheric models consider the ionosphere as a series of horizontal layers that vary only slowly with time and geographical location. Propagation
More informationAssimilation Ionosphere Model
Assimilation Ionosphere Model Robert W. Schunk Space Environment Corporation 399 North Main, Suite 325 Logan, UT 84321 phone: (435) 752-6567 fax: (435) 752-6687 email: schunk@spacenv.com Award #: N00014-98-C-0085
More informationPropagation Software Review rev 1
Propagation Software Review rev 1 Carl Luetzelschwab K9LA k9la@arrl.net :KDW:H UH*RLQJWR&RYHU The model of the ionosphere :KDW VFRPPRQDPRQJDOOWKHVRIWZDUH Getting started with propagation predictions :KDW
More informationSpatial and temporal extent of ionospheric anomalies during sudden stratospheric warmings in the daytime ionosphere
Spatial and temporal extent of ionospheric anomalies during sudden stratospheric warmings in the daytime ionosphere Larisa Goncharenko, Shunrong Zhang, Anthea Coster, Leonid Benkevitch, Massachusetts Institute
More informationModeling the ionospheric response to the 28 October 2003 solar flare due to coupling with the thermosphere
RADIO SCIENCE, VOL. 44,, doi:10.1029/2008rs004081, 2009 Modeling the ionospheric response to the 28 October 2003 solar flare due to coupling with the thermosphere David J. Pawlowski 1 and Aaron J. Ridley
More informationChapter 1: Telecommunication Fundamentals
Chapter 1: Telecommunication Fundamentals Block Diagram of a communication system Noise n(t) m(t) Information (base-band signal) Signal Processing Carrier Circuits s(t) Transmission Medium r(t) Signal
More informationVI. Signal Propagation Effects. Image courtesy of
VI. Signal Propagation Effects Image courtesy of www.tpub.com 56 VI. Signal Propagation Effects Name Date Class At Home Assignment Tune to the most remote AM station you can find. You should attempt to
More information50 MHz F 2 Propagation Mechanisms
Jim Kennedy, 2000, 50 MHz F2 Propagation Mechanisms, Proc. 34 th Conference of the Central States VHF Society, pp 87-105, ARRL 50 MHz F 2 Propagation Mechanisms Introduction J. R. Kennedy K6MIO/KH6 Gemini
More informationThe USU-GAIM Data Assimilation Models for Ionospheric Specifications and Forecasts
The USU-GAIM Data Assimilation Models for Ionospheric Specifications and Forecasts L. Scherliess, R. W. Schunk, L. C. Gardner, L. Zhu, J.V. Eccles and J.J Sojka Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
v ABSTRACT The main purpose of the study is to determine the parameters used to identify the variability of the ionospheric region in Malaysia. In order to contribute to the development of a model of ionospheric
More informationReal-time ionosphere monitoring by three-dimensional tomography over Japan
Real-time ionosphere monitoring by three-dimensional tomography over Japan 1* Susumu Saito, 2, Shota Suzuki, 2 Mamoru Yamamoto, 3 Chia-Hun Chen, and 4 Akinori Saito 1 Electronic Navigation Research Institute,
More informationDaily and seasonal variations of TID parameters over the Antarctic Peninsula
Daily and seasonal variations of TID parameters over the Antarctic Peninsula A. Zalizovski 1, Y. Yampolski 1, V. Paznukhov 2, E. Mishin 3, A. Sopin 1 1. Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of
More informationMonitoring the Ionosphere and Neutral Atmosphere with GPS
Monitoring the Ionosphere and Neutral Atmosphere with GPS Richard B. Langley Geodetic Research Laboratory Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick Fredericton, N.B. Division
More informationDucting and Spotlight Propagation on 160m Carl Luetzelschwab K9LA
Ducting and Spotlight Propagation on 160m Carl Luetzelschwab K9LA [this article appeared in the December 2005 issue of CQ] If you enjoyed reading about the issues that contribute to the unpredictability
More informationBroad Principles of Propagation 4C4
Broad Principles of Propagation ledoyle@tcd.ie 4C4 Starting at the start All wireless systems use spectrum, radiowaves, electromagnetic waves to function It is the fundamental and basic ingredient of
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R P Prediction of sky-wave field strength at frequencies between about 150 and khz
Rec. ITU-R P.1147-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1147-2 Prediction of sky-wave field strength at frequencies between about 150 and 1 700 khz (Question ITU-R 225/3) (1995-1999-2003) The ITU Radiocommunication
More informationSatellite Navigation Science and Technology for Africa. 23 March - 9 April, The African Ionosphere
2025-28 Satellite Navigation Science and Technology for Africa 23 March - 9 April, 2009 The African Ionosphere Radicella Sandro Maria Abdus Salam Intern. Centre For Theoretical Physics Aeronomy and Radiopropagation
More information