A DUAL SLOT CIRCULAR PACMAN PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIPLE BAND APPLICATIONS

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_10_059 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed A DUAL SLOT CIRCULAR PACMAN PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIPLE BAND APPLICATIONS K. Kalaiarasan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Veltech University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India M. Brenda Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Veltech University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India L. Franklin Telfer Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT In this paper, a circular patch antenna with dual slots has been proposed for multiple band applications. The proposed Pac-man antenna operates in C,S and X bands of RF spectrum. The antenna has been designed and analysed for FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.6. This antenna can be used for Wireless local area network (WLAN-2.5 GHz) applications, radar applications (x band) and Wi Max, wide area WiFi, 4G-LTE applications (C band). Furthermore, an alongside comparison of the proposed system with the existing circular patch antenna is demonstrated to check the accuracy of the proposed antenna. This design has been proven to enhance the bandwidth and extend the operation to multiple bands due to the presence of L shaped slot in the patch. Also, the proposed design is analysed in terms of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), gain and radiation pattern. Key words: Pac-man antenna; Sectorial slot; Circular patch antenna; Multiband; L shaped slot. Cite this Article: K. Kalaiarasan, M. Brenda and L. Franklin Telfer, A Dual Slot Circular Pacman Patch Antenna for Multiple Band Applications. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(10), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION The present and future development of personal and wireless communication systems is aimed at providing continuous multiple access to the users. Hence, multiband operation is an essential criterion to be considered during patch antenna design. Patch antenna is a low editor@iaeme.com

2 A Dual Slot Circular Pacman Patch Antenna for Multiple Band Applications profile antenna with simple construction techniques. Due to its high compatibility and integrity, these antennas have a wide range of application. In this study, circular patch is considered over the most commonly used rectangular patch as the circular patch antenna has proven to exhibit a better circular polarization and thus leading to better current distribution. Also, the size of the antenna is considerably reduced. The aim behind this thesis is to achieve multiband operation of circular patch antenna. To achieve this operation in patch antennas, many designs have been presented, which incorporates slots like U shaped slot, L shaped slot and so on. Slot loading in patch antennas has proved to enhance the antenna parameters to some extent and help achieve multiple band operations. In this paper, we propose the design of a Pac-man antenna with L shaped slot, that operates in multiple bands. This antenna is designed to operate in c, s and x bands of the RF spectrum. The Pac-man antenna is a simple circular patch antenna with a sector shaped slot. The incorporation of this sectorial [1] slot in circular patch leads to dual frequency band operation of the antenna. Addition of L shaped slot further improves the operation range to multiple bands. This L slotted Pac-man antenna resonates in 4 different frequencies, which are, 2.39GHz, 6.5GHz, 8.14GHz and 9.6GHz. since the antenna operates at three different bands, it has wide range of applications like Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN), wi-fi, WiMAX and may mobile communication applications. The antenna can also be used in 4G applications as it resonates in 6.5 GHz and 8.14GHz. Both these frequencies come under the range of 4G applications. The antenna structure is analysed using FR4 substrate, due to good thermal tolerance level and has a dielectric constant ( ) of ANTENNA DESIGN The normal circular patch antenna is shown in Fig 1 and the sectorial slot with 15º in Fig 2 are designed and simulated using CST(Computer Simulation Tool) The proposed antenna is shown in figure 3 is designed and simulated using ADS(Advanced Design System). The proposed antenna consist of multiple slots- a sectorial slot, an L shaped slot, a rectangular slot and an annular ring [2]. Incorporation of the above structures in the circular patch has lead to both lower and higher frequency band operation of the antenna and hence increasing the number of applications Figure 1 Circular patch antenna Figure 2 Circular patch with sectorial slot antenna editor@iaeme.com

3 K. Kalaiarasan, M. Brenda and L. Franklin Telfer Figure 3 Proposed modified Pac-Man antenna 3. DESIGN EQUATION The design equations for the circular patch antenna [3] are given below. The actual radius of the circular patch is calculated using the following equation: Where, a F 2h F 1 (1) ln rf 2h F. (2) f r r Further, the effective radius of the patch is calculated as: a e 2h a a 1 ln ra 2h (3) Where r is the dielectric constant of the substrate used. The substrate used here is FR4 with a dielectric constant of 4.6. The directivity of the patch antenna is given as: U max 4U D0 U 0 P rad max (4) Power radiation can be calculated as: P rad k0ae ' 2 2 J 02 cos J sind V (5) editor@iaeme.com

4 A Dual Slot Circular Pacman Patch Antenna for Multiple Band Applications The Conductance [6] across the patch and the ground plane, Grad is given as: G rad Radial distance, is given as 2 2 k0ae ' J 02 cos J sind (6) (7) The dimensions of the antenna is given as, Table 1 Dimensions of the antenna PARAMETER DIMENSIONS (in mm) Radius of the patch(a) Slot angle 15 Length of the L sot 1.05 Width of the L slot 0.07 Height of the L slot 0.41 The antenna is designed and simulated for the above dimensions. The annular ring [2] is present in between the sectorial slot. The reason for the presence of annular ring is to operate the antenna in higher frequencies. 4. ANALYSIS AND RESULT The designed antenna is analysed using Computer Simulation Tool(CST) and Advanced Design System(ADS) software. Analysing with the CST software, the normal circular patch antenna resonates at frequency GHz shows in Fig. 4. and the insertion of sector with 15º angle it resonates at a frequency of GHz is shows in Fig. 5. The proposed antenna is analysed with the ADS software, it has been found out that the antenna resonates in 2.396GHz, 6.508GHz, 8.144GHz and 9.625GHz is shows infig. 6. This covers the c, s and x bands of the RF spectrum. The results are tabulated and are presented below. The results show prominent enhancements in antenna parameters like gain, bandwidth and return loss. The usage of circular patch has resulted in very good current distribution pattern and polarizations. The inference form the obtained simulation results is also presented in the thesis. Figure 4 Return loss of circular patch antenna editor@iaeme.com

5 K. Kalaiarasan, M. Brenda and L. Franklin Telfer Figure 5 Return loss of sectorial slot Pac-Man antenna. Figure 6 Return loss calculaltion for proposed antenna. From figure 4, the return loss of the circular patch antenna for GHz is and from the figure 5, the return loss of the sectorial slot Pac-Man antenna for GHz is are simulated in CST software. From figure 6, the return loss of the antenna for 2.396GHz, 6.508GHz, 8.144GHz and 9.625GHz is obtained as dbi, dbi, dbi and dbi respectively. The antenna has shown good results when return loss parameter is considered. Parameter analysis for circular patch and sectorial slot Pac-Man antenna are tabulated as follows: Table 2 Parameter analysis for the circular patch and sectorial slot Pac-Man antenna. PARAMETERS SIMULATION RESULT CIRCULAR PATCH SECTORIAL SLOT PAC MAN Resonating frequency GHz GHz S(1,1) dbi dbi VSWR Gain 2.17dbi 5.81dbi Directivity 2.53dbi 6.54dbi editor@iaeme.com

6 A Dual Slot Circular Pacman Patch Antenna for Multiple Band Applications Parametric results analysis are tabulated as follows Table 3 Parameter analysis for the proposed antenna Frequency gain directivity VSWR 2.39GHz < GHz <2 8.14GHz < GHz <2 The proposed antenna has a gain in the range of (5-6) db in the lower frequencies and (6-9) db in the higher frequencies. The antenna has also shown good directivity in the range of 6 to 10 dbi. Also, for all the frequency ranges, the standing wave ratio [3] is less than 2. The antenna has shown a significant increase in terms of gain and directivity, which happens to be one of the main objective of this design. The usage of multiple slot has led to operation of this antenna in four different frequencies, enhanced antenna gain and directivity. Again, the dielectric constant of the substrate used has also played an important role in obtaining these parameters. The far field simulation results obtained using ADS software for various frequencies is as shown below: Figure 7 far field pattern at 2.39GHz. Figure 8 far field pattern at 6.508GHz. Figure 8 far field pattern at 8.14GHz Figure 9 far field pattern at 9.625GHz From the above far field patterns, it can be inferred that the pattern is unidirectional for all the four frequencies. The directivity is increased to a good extent editor@iaeme.com

7 K. Kalaiarasan, M. Brenda and L. Franklin Telfer 5. CONCLUSIONS A new L-slot annular ring Pac-Man antenna with Multiband operation in 2.39GHz(Industrial application), 6.508GHz (WiMAX),8.144GHz and 9.625GHz (Electromagnetic applications) was simulated and measured by using the FR4 substrate (flame retardant type 4) with dielectric constant (εr=4.6). It has been simulated with ADS(Advanced Design System)-EM software. A Sectorial slot with annular ring, Square slot and L-Shaped slot to improvise the design from single band frequency to multiband frequency. The basic microstrip line feed method was chosen since the design provide increased bandwidth and gain. The current distribution for the above frequency are observed. The radiation patterns are unidirectional. For future work this design with different substrates are compared and effectiveness of different substrates are measured. REFERENCES [1] Azlan.A.A, M.T.Ali, M.F Jamlos, Dual Band Sectorial Slot Circular Pac-man Antenna by using polypropylene Substrate,jurnalteknologi (sciences & engineering),2016 [2] Azlan A.A,M.T.Ali, M.Z. Awang,M.F Jamlos and N.I.S Anuar, Dual Band Sectorial Slot Circular Pac-man Antenna by using Leucaenaleucocephala Bio-composite Substrate, IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE),2014. [3] BalanisC.A(1982) Handbook of Microstrip Antenna. John Wiley and Sons New York. [4] Jui-Han Lu, IEEE member, Broadband dual frequency operation of circular patch antennas and arrays with a pair of L shaped slots, IEEE transaction of antennas and propagation, vol 51,no.5,May2003. [5] R.Sanmugasundaram, D,Dileepan, V.Balavignesh and K.Kalaiarasan Design of CPW FED Antenna for WIMAX Application International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol 114 no , pp [6] Khidre. A, K.-F. Lee, F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, Circular polarization reconfigurable wideband E-shaped patch antenna for wireless applications, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 2, pp , Feb [7] Kwaha. B.J, Inyang.O.N and Amalu.P, The Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna-Design And Implementation, IJRRAS,Vol 8,July [8] D.Dileepan and R.Sanmugasundaram A High Efficient Compact CPW FED MIMO Antenna for Wireless Applications International journal of mechanical engineering and technology(ijmet), vol 8, issue 10, Oct 2017, pp [9] Thilagam. S.T, Circular Microstrip Antennas Design With Slot and Slit Geometry, International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology,(IJECT), vol. 7109, pp , [10] Valmik Kardile, Ms.Priyanka Yadav, Dr.AbhilashaMishra Designofmultiband circular microstrip patch antenna, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) vol6, [11] R.Sanmugasundaram, D.Dileepan and S.Sathyamoorthy Compact Quad band filter for multiband wireless applications International journal of mechanical engineering and technology (IJMET), vol 8, issue 10, Oct 2017, pp [12] Dr. Nagraj K. Kulkarni, A Comparative Study Of Various Patch Antennas For Wlan Applications, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 5, Issue 1, 2014, pp [13] Archana Agarwal, Manish Kumar, Priyanka Jain and Shagun Maheshwari, Tapered Circular Microstrip Antenna with Modified Ground Plane for U WB Communications, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue 3, 2013, pp , ISSN Print: , ISSN Online: editor@iaeme.com